共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
天然气水合物体系动态演化研究(Ⅰ):地质历史演变 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
1995年Dickens对55.5Ma前古新世末增温事件进行了研究,提出天然气水合物作为全球环境变化重要因子的假说.认为古新世末增温事件溶解无机碳-2～-3‰的13δC位移可以用水合物所含甲烷的释放与随后氧化成二氧化碳来解释.此后,地质历史演变中的天然气水合物演化研究蓬勃发展,本文总结古新世末增温事件、新元古代末期雪球事件、第四纪千年尺度事件等最新进展,为天然气水合物动态演化研究提供基础.开展天然气水合物-天然气体系动态演化过程数值模拟与特征分析,可望促进天然气水合物在全球变化与碳循环中作用的深入认识. 相似文献
2.
从天然气水合物的产生、聚集和分解，分析天然气水合物的动态演化过程，沉积压实、地温梯度、构造运动以及深部流体对水合物产生的效率起决定作用，根据流体的运移和天然气水合物在水合物稳定带中的分布状况，天然气水合物的聚集可以分为构造聚集、地层聚集和混合聚集三种模式，当由于各种原因引起海底温压条件变化时，天然气水合物会发生分解，水合物也会在水体中上浮，在这个过程中，水合物的分解速率能高出其溶解速率二至三个数量级，海底泥火山、甲烷气柱、甲烷气裂缝、双似海底反射等大量的证据，都有助于揭示天然气水合物体系的动态演化的特征，弄清楚天然气水合物的动态演化过程对于我们未来对这种潜在能源的开发利用，并分析其在全球变化、碳循环以及海底滑坡中所起的作用有着相当重要的意义。 相似文献
3.
海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究(Ⅳ):双似海底反射 总被引：2，自引：6，他引：2
由于双似海底反射可望指示一个动态演化的天然气水合物-游离气体系特征，这一重要问题的研究非常有意义。目前在世界上有两个双似海底反射分布区最为典型，一是挪威西部大陆边缘，另一个为东南海海槽大陆边缘，对双BSR的解释，主要有两种，一种是残留BSR，对应古温压条件下天然气水合物稳定带底界的反射，另一种是混合气体水合物沉积的底界反射。阐明双似海底反射层空间分布特征与其成因，建立动态演化的天然气水合物-天然气体系模型，可为深入了解天然气水合物形成机制、分布规律及其地质历史中的演变提供重要的科学基础。 相似文献
4.
海底天然气水合物中甲烷逸出对全球气候的影响 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
全球气候变化会降低海底天然气水合物的稳定性导致水舍物失稳分解,反过来天然气水合物分解释放出的大量甲烷气,又会对全球气候变化产生巨大的影响,地质历史上许多重大地质事件(如LPTM事件)都可能与天然气水合物的分解释气作用有关．除了地质历史上强烈的甲烷突然释放事件,现代海底的渗漏或喷口也连续不断地向海水甚至大气输入甲烷,从而影响着全球气候变化．由于天然气水合物中甲烷逸出对全球气候影响的研究刚刚起步,还缺乏海洋沉积物和海水中甲烷传输的恰当模式,甲烷在海水中的溶解度、甲烷的氧化作用及上升流等因素对其的影响程度,以及它对大气甲炕和二氧化碳浓度变化的具体贡献等目前还很不清楚,亟需深化研究． 相似文献
5.
海洋天然气水合物的地球物理研究(Ⅲ):似海底反射 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12
对天然气水合物研究中与似海底反射有关的一些观点进行讨论，以推动天然气水合物地震研究的认识．30年的似海底反射研究表明，似海底反射仍然是指示天然气水合物沉积存在的最好手段之一．有似海底反射，是可以认为存在天然气水合物的．虽然存在“游离气带速度模型”与“水合物楔速度模型”，但似海底反射主要由天然气水合物稳定带底界下方的游离气引起．BSR上方的天然气水合物、下方的游离气与天然气再循环和含甲烷的流体流有关．由于天然气水合物稳定带计算控制因素难以准确确定等因素，似海底反射与天然气水合物稳定带底界只是近似的对应关系．需从动态的观点考虑天然气水合物．天然气体系及其与似海底反射的关系． 相似文献
6.
海洋天然气水合物分布与“气-水-沉积物”动态体系 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
海洋天然气水合物是潜在的天然气资源, 研究海洋天然气水合物分布及其影响机制是当前国内外相关领域十分重要的一个方面. 大洋钻探204航次对东太平洋水合物海岭的钻探发现, 水合物海岭南峰地区不同构造部位中天然气水合物在天然气水合物稳定带中的分布、富集和产状是十分不均匀的. 以该航次初步成果为例, 分析和探讨天然气水合物的不均匀分布与它所赋存的“气-水-沉积物”动态体系中的几种主要因素的关系, 指出主要受到气、流体来源与流量变化、岩石学属性和特征、地质构造和古海洋环境变化、微生物活动等因素和营力的控制和影响. 有关分析是基于204航次对会聚板块边缘增生体钻探得到的启示, 当未来在世界各海域有更多钻探实际资料后, 有必要深入分析和探讨各海域不同构造环境下, 如我国海域天然气水合物分布与“气-水-沉积物”动态体系这类问题. 相似文献
7.
海洋天然气水合物分布与"气-水-沉积物"动态体系--大洋钻探204航次调查初步结果的启示 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
海洋天然气水合物是潜在的天然气资源, 研究海洋天然气水合物分布及其影响机制是当前国内外相关领域十分重要的一个方面. 大洋钻探204航次对东太平洋水合物海岭的钻探发现, 水合物海岭南峰地区不同构造部位中天然气水合物在天然气水合物稳定带中的分布、富集和产状是十分不均匀的. 以该航次初步成果为例, 分析和探讨天然气水合物的不均匀分布与它所赋存的"气-水-沉积物"动态体系中的几种主要因素的关系, 指出主要受到气、流体来源与流量变化、岩石学属性和特征、地质构造和古海洋环境变化、微生物活动等因素和营力的控制和影响. 有关分析是基于204航次对会聚板块边缘增生体钻探得到的启示, 当未来在世界各海域有更多钻探实际资料后, 有必要深入分析和探讨各海域不同构造环境下, 如我国海域天然气水合物分布与"气-水-沉积物"动态体系这类问题. 相似文献
8.
南海北部陆坡神狐海域是我国海洋天然气水合物勘探开发研究的重点靶区,独特的水合物成藏特征,难以利用当前观测到的沉积速率和流体流动条件对其成藏机理进行解释和量化说明,对其形成演化模式和控制因素尚不明确.本文构建了海洋天然气水合物形成演化过程的动力学模型,模型的主控参量为海底沉积速率和水流速率,以此计算了神狐海域天然气水合物聚集演化过程,并与饱和度的盐度测试值进行对比.最后,在研究神狐海域地质构造活动和水合物成藏动力学基础上建立了神狐天然气水合物形成演化模式.认为神狐海域当前的天然气水合物是在上新世末—更新世早期断裂体系水合物基础上继承演化而来的,神狐海域天然气水合物形成演化具有典型的二元模式.第一阶段水合物形成发生在距今1.5 Ma之前构造活动形成的断裂体系中,高达50 m/ka的孔隙水流动携带了大量的甲烷进入水合物稳定带,导致了水合物的快速生成,在4万年内形成了饱和度达20%的甲烷水合物;第二阶段发生在1.5 Ma以来,泥质粉砂沉积使沉积体渗透率骤减,0.7 m/ka的低速率水流使甲烷供给不足,在海底浅层新沉积体中无法生成水合物,仅在水合物稳定带底部有缓慢的水合物继承增长,并因此形成了神狐海域当前观测到的水合物产出特征,而且水合物资源量仍在减少. 相似文献
9.
天然气水合物体系动态演化研究(Ⅱ):海底滑坡 总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2
天然气水合物被认为是大陆边缘沉积物强度变弱的一个因子，从而能解释大陆边缘海底滑坡的一些观测现象。天然气水合物的形成使沉积物强度增加，而其分解则使沉积物强度变弱。虽然无法直接观测沉积物中天然气水合物的活动过程与相应的海底滑坡，大量的背景资料表明，天然气水合物崩解常常有助于触发海底沉积物块体的运动。此外，大型滑塌可以释放大量的固态天然气水合物，水合物在水柱中上浮。大块天然气水合物可以在分解前到达海洋的上部层，一些甲烷可以直接进入大气中。本文综述与天然气水合物体系演化有关的海底滑坡的研究现状。 相似文献
10.
虽然目前国外已有很多学者研究了天然气水合物及其分解产生的气体在地球系统各圈层中的循环转化过程,但国内基本上还没有开展相关方面的研究,况且其中的很多问题尚不清楚.本文的目的是通过分析国内外相关的研究进展,提出天然气水合物-天然气体系这个概念,并归纳总结天然气水合物-天然气体系在地球系统各圈层中的循环转化问题,希望能为研究天然气水合物在全球碳循环和气候变化中的作用提供一定的参考.通过分析发现,天然气水合物-天然气体系在地球系统各圈层中的循环转化过程是非常复杂的,而各个圈层对于天然气水合物-天然气体系在地球系统中的循环转化过程都十分重要,这个体系可能是影响全球碳循环和气候变化的一个重要组成部分. 相似文献
11.
湖泊沉积物碳库作为湖泊生态系统的重要组成部分,对湖泊碳循环起重要作用,而蓝藻水华衰亡过程对湖泊碳库稳定性影响研究较少本研究采集太湖蓝藻、湖水、沉积物样品,建立蓝藻水沉积物室内模拟实验系统,分析蓝藻水华衰亡过程中沉积物碳库易氧化有机碳(EOC)、惰性有机碳(ROC)、微生物量碳(MBC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)和重组有机碳(HFOC)的变化规律,探究蓝藻水华衰亡过程对湖泊碳库稳定性的影响结果表明,蓝藻水华衰亡前期(1～9天),ROC缓慢下降,EOC和LFOC快速下降,MBC有所增加;衰亡中期(10～45天),沉积物TOC和ROC含量升高;衰亡末期(46～63天),HFOC和ROC等稳定有机碳进入一个从缓慢分解逐渐趋于稳定的阶段周期性的蓝藻水华暴发、衰亡和湖泊稳定性有机碳的日渐累积,最终会对沉积物碳库有机碳组分及其稳定造成显著影响. 相似文献
12.
John R. Dymond 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(15):1763-1772
Soil erosion in New Zealand exports much sediment and particulate organic carbon (POC) to the sea. The influence of this carbon export on carbon transfers between soils and the atmosphere has been largely unknown. Erosion models are used to estimate the net carbon transfer between soils and atmosphere due to soil erosion for New Zealand. The models are used to estimate the spatial distribution of erosion, which is combined with a digital map of soil organic carbon content to produce the spatial distribution of carbon erosion. The sequestration of atmospheric CO2 by regenerating soils is estimated by combining carbon recovery data with the age distribution of soils since erosion occurrence. The North Island of New Zealand is estimated to export 1·9 (with uncertainty of ?0·5 and +1·0) million tonnes of POC per year to the sea and to sequester 1·25 (?0·3 /+0·6) million tonnes of carbon per year from the atmosphere through regenerating soils. The South Island of New Zealand is estimated to export 2·9 (?0·7/+1·5) million tonnes of POC per year and to sequester approximately the same amount. Assuming exported carbon is buried at sea with an efficiency of 80% gives New Zealand a net carbon sink of 3·1 (?2·0/+2·5) million tonnes per year; which is equivalent to 45% of New Zealand's fossil fuel carbon emissions in 1990. The net sink primarily results from a conveyor belt transfer of carbon from the atmosphere to soils regenerating from erosion to the sea floor where carbon is permanently buried. The net sink due to soil erosion can be further increased by reforestation of those terrains where erosion is excessive and there is no carbon recovery in the soils. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
14.
Maniarasu Ravi 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2023,51(4):2200275
The atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has been consistently increasing each year throughout the world. Internal combustion (IC) engines are significant contributors to CO2 emissions. This study explores the possibility of employing effective biomass-based adsorbents to mitigate CO2 from a diesel engine exhaust. As a first step, two distinct agro-wastes, namely, i) corn cob and ii) sugarcane bagasse, are used to prepare inexpensive and efficient activated carbons. The two main steps in the activated carbon preparation are a) carbonization and b) activation. The derived activated carbons are subjected to discrete analytical techniques to examine their structural and textural characteristics, surface functional groups, and physical, chemical, and adsorptive properties. As a second step, the exhaust treatment chamber unit is filled with the adsorbents one by one and is connected to the exhaust of the constant pressure heat addition engine. A single-cylinder, four-stroke, naturally-aspirated, air-cooled, direct injection (DI) compression ignition (CI) engine is used in the experimental investigations. The essential findings show that ≈68 and 60% of CO2 emissions are adsorbed in the test engine by utilizing corn cob and sugarcane bagasse adsorbents, respectively. The results show that during the D100 and JME20 operations, the prospective adsorbents can curb more than 40% of overall CO2 emissions. 相似文献
15.
FANG JingYun LIU GuoHua ZHU Biao WANG XiaoKe & LIU ShaoHui Department of Ecology College of Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(1):92-101
There is a general agreement that forest ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere function as signifi-cant sinks for atmospheric CO2; however, their magnitude and distribution remain large uncertainties. In this paper, we report the carbon (C) stock and its change of vegetation, forest floor detritus, and mineral soil, annual net biomass increment and litterfall production, and respiration of vegetation and soils between 1992 to 1994, for three temperate forest ecosystems, birch (Betula platyphylla) forest, oak (Quercus liaotungensis) forest and pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) plantation in Mt. Dongling, Beijing, China. We then evaluate the C budgets of these forest ecosystems. Our results indicated that total C density (organic C per hectare) of these forests ranged from 250 to 300 t C ha-1, of which 35―54 t C ha-1 from vegetation biomass C and 209―244 t C ha-1 from soil organic C (1 m depth, including forest floor detritus). Biomass C of all three forests showed a net increase, with 1.33―3.55 t C ha-1 a-1 during the study period. Litterfall production, vegetation autotrophic respiration, and soil heterotrophic respira-tion were estimated at 1.63―2.34, 2.19―6.93, and 1.81―3.49 t C ha-1 a-1, respectively. Ecosystem gross primary production fluctuated between 5.39 and 12.82 t C ha-1 a-1, about half of which (46%―59%, 3.20―5.89 t C ha-1 a-1) was converted to net primary production. Our results suggested that pine forest fixed C of 4.08 t ha-1 a-1, whereas secondary forests (birch and oak forest) were nearly in balance in CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and ecosystems. 相似文献
16.
Estimates of greenhouse gas evasion from rivers have been refined over the past decades to constrain their role in global carbon cycle processes. However, despite 55% of the human population living in urban areas, urban rivers have had limited attention. We monitored carbon dynamics in an urbanized river (River Kelvin, 331 km2, UK) to explore the drivers of dissolved carbon lateral and vertical export. Over a 2-year sampling period, riverine methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations were consistently oversaturated with respect to atmospheric equilibria, leading to continual degassing to the atmosphere. Carbon stable isotopic compositions (δ13C) indicated that terrestrially derived carbon comprised most of the riverine CH4 and dissolved CO2 (CO2*) load while dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from groundwater was the main form of riverine DIC. The dynamics of CH4, CO2*, and DIC in the river were primarily hydrology-controlled, that is, [CH4] and [CO2*] both increased with elevated discharge, total [DIC] decreased with elevated discharge while the proportion of biologically derived DIC increased with increasing discharge. The concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) showed a weak relationship with river hydrology in summer and autumn and was likely influenced by the combined sewer overflows. Carbon emission to the atmosphere is estimated to be 3.10 ± 0.61 kg C·m−2·yr−1 normalized to water surface area, with more than 99% emitted as CO2. Annual carbon loss to the coastal estuary is approximately 4.69 ± 0.70 Gg C yr−1, with annual DIC export approximately double that of DOC. Per unit area, the River Kelvin was a smaller carbon source to the atmosphere than natural rivers/streams but shows elevated fluxes of DIC and DOC under comparable conditions. This research illustrates the role urban systems may have on riverine carbon dynamics and demonstrates the potential tight link between urbanization and riverine carbon export. 相似文献
17.
Carbon pools in stream‐riparian corridors: legacy of disturbance along mountain streams of south‐eastern Wyoming 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Streams and their accompanying riparian environments are intrinsic components of terrestrial carbon cycling. However, they have been understudied in terms of the magnitude of their storage components and the role of disturbance in determining carbon storage capacity. This study presents partial carbon budgets for stream‐riparian corridors along six study reaches in mountain headwater streams of southeast Wyoming to evaluate the impact of tie‐driving, a historic disturbance legacy, on contemporary carbon storage. Detailed measurements of biomass were collected for in‐stream components of carbon including fine and coarse particulate organic matter and in‐stream large wood. Biomass was also estimated for riparian components including standing trees (live and dead), regenerating conifers, shrubs and herbaceous vegetation, downed wood, litter, and duff (partially decayed litter). Biomass was converted to carbon for all components and differences in storage were compared between tie‐driven and non‐driven reaches. Carbon content in riparian soils (to approximately 20 cm) was also measured. Twice the amount of carbon was stored in the riparian areas relative to the streams; most carbon was stored in standing trees (live and dead). While overall carbon storage within the riparian areas and streams were similar between disturbance conditions, the amount of carbon stored in large in‐stream wood and downed wood on the floodplain was significantly higher in systems that were not tie‐driven. The results of this study indicate that legacies of tie‐driving influence carbon storage within the region, while also capturing baseline estimates of carbon storage in the wake of recent bark beetle infestations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
1860年以来博斯腾湖碳沉积过程演变 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选取博斯腾湖3个不同点位岩芯,在210Pb和137Cs年代序列基础上,利用沉积物中的各理化指标,分析了该湖碳沉积的时空变化特征,结合各指标的相关性、沉积速率、C/N、同位素特征等,探讨了该湖1860年以来碳沉积环境的变化过程,为干旱区湖泊碳埋藏研究提供了依据.结果表明：1860-1910年,沉积速率相对较小,受人类活动影响较小,磁化率、中值粒径、总无机碳（TIC）较为稳定,总有机碳（TOC）含量相对较低,此时该湖有较多陆源有机质的输入;1910-1950年,湖泊西部浅水域沉积速率明显高于东部深水区,西北湖区水域有大量外源物质的输入,而湖泊初级生产力较低,内源贡献相对较小;1950-1980年,全湖TOC、TIC含量均呈现升高的趋势,尤其是西北近黄水沟水域升高最快,湖泊内源贡献在增加,陆源组分的输入相对前一阶段要少;1980-2002年,沉积速率快速升高,尤其湖泊东部水域最为明显,TOC含量均呈现升高的趋势,湖泊西部水域初级生产力要高于东部深水区,湖面蒸发较强,气候比较温暖;2002年以来,全湖沉积速率相对较高,外源有机质贡献较小.过去150年博斯腾湖沉积物碳累积速率整体上呈现出升高的趋势,尤其是近50年来快速升高,东部湖区碳累积速率比西部湖区高. 相似文献
19.
不同碳源对球孢鱼腥藻生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文研究了有机碳源和无机碳源对球胞鱼腥藻生长的影响,结果表明:有机碳源中葡萄糖以0.5—1.0μg/mL、蔗糖以5.0μg/mL促进其生长效果最好;无机碳源中,碳酸钠以10.0—15.0μg/mL、碳酸氢钠以10.0μg/mL效果最好。葡萄糖和蔗糖的浓度高低对球孢鱼腥藻叶绿素a的含量没有明显影响,但前者略高于后者。碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠的浓度在5.0μg/mL时均提高了叶绿素a含量。四种碳源都提高了球孢鱼腥藻的同氮活性,有机碳源中蔗糖优于葡萄塘,无机碳源中碳酸钠优于碳酸氢钠。 相似文献
20.
《Limnologica》2015
To establish the influence of phytoplankton blooms on the dynamics and sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Lake Taihu, the concentrations and stable carbon isotope values (δ13C) of DOC and particulate organic carbon (POC) were analyzed, along with environmental factors, including water temperature, chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, phytoplankton community and total bacterial abundance, from March to August 2013 at five sites in Lake Taihu. Significant differences were observed in the DOC concentrations and δ13CDOC values at the sampling sites. On average, the proportion of DOC in the total organic carbon (TOC) pool ranged from 30% ± 10% to 81% ± 7%. POC was positively associated with both Chl a concentration and cyanobacteria biomass, suggesting that cyanobacteria blooms contribute to the POC pool in Lake Taihu. Depleted 13C in DOC relative to POC was observed in August, indicating that DOC was partially derived from POC in August. However, Chl a explained only 40% of the variation in DOC in the entirety of Lake Taihu, and at two sites far from the estuary, the contribution of allochthonous carbon was less than 50% in August. These results suggested a greater influence of allochthonous sources on the DOC pool. Moreover, the biodegradability of DOC was further determined by the total dissolved carbohydrates to DOC ratio (TCHO/DOC), specific UV absorbance (SUVA254), and the concentrations of bioavailable DOC (BDOC). On average, 17% of the variation in DOC was attributable to the BDOC pool, and the BDOC concentration correlated positively with Chl a, cyanobacteria biomass, and total bacterial abundance, suggesting that cyanobacteria–derived DOC is biodegradable and is preferentially utilized by bacteria. 相似文献