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1.
以丙烯酸和自制丙烯类单体ODA为原料,Hypermer B-246为分散剂,偶氮二异庚腈为引发剂,季戊四醇三烯丙基醚(APE)为交联剂,采用沉淀聚合制备了白色粉末状卡波树脂。通过5因素4水平正交实验详细研究了引发剂用量、共聚单体及分散剂用量等因素对聚合物黏度和透光率的影响。实验结果表明:在pH=7~8时,0.5w%卡波树脂的透光率为96.3%,黏度最高可达110 000 mPa.s。 相似文献
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实验采用水溶液聚合法合成了蒙脱石/聚丙烯酸钠复合高吸水材料,并设计了新颖的力学装置来研究其机械及液压胁迫响应特性。通过改变蒙脱石含量参数,系列数据结果表明:添加适量蒙脱石能够改善丙烯酸钠树脂的吸水膨胀能力和机械强度-单体丙烯酸、引发剂过硫酸钾、交联剂N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、中和度和温度不变的情况下,蒙脱石含量为20wt%的合成材料的膨胀能力最好,吸水率为643g/g;刚性机械压力增加显著降低复合材料的吸水活力,从而降低其膨胀能力;咸淡水、淡咸水反复吸水循环虽然会明显降低复合材料的吸水活力,但不会带来彻底损害;外加压力胁迫下,复合材料吸水速率在前4h内恒定,而后非线性降低。本实验为研究防海水入侵盐敏性材料提供了新方法和基础数据。 相似文献
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分别采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)比色法和高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HPGPC)测定了低聚古罗糖醛酸的数均分子量。结果表明:DNS比色法可直接测定低聚古罗糖醛酸的数均分子量,以麦芽糖和古罗糖醛酸标准三糖分别作为标准品,其测定结果相近,该方法准确度高,重复性好;HPGPC法简便易行,可通过测定低聚古罗糖醛酸的重均分子量(Mw)和分子量分布宽度D间接计算数均分子量,该法测定结果与前者结果相比有较大差别,可能与2种方法使用的标准品不同有关。 相似文献
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以硫酸铵水溶液为反应介质,以丙烯酰胺(AM)为主要单体,以甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)和丙烯酸(AA)为离子单体,以DMC均聚物(PDMC)为稳定剂,以2,2′-偶氮二[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-代)丙烷]二氢氯化物(V-50)为引发剂,采用水分散聚合技术,合成了流动性好、具有良好稳定性的两性聚丙烯酰胺分散体系。NMR1H谱表明,聚合物中DMC单元的含量与原料中所占的比例相近。所制备的两性聚电解质具有明显的反聚电解质效应。硫酸铵浓度、稳定剂浓度、引发剂浓度和pH值对分散体系的粒子形貌和聚合物的特性黏数都有较大的影响。最佳合成条件为:硫酸铵浓度31%~33%、分散剂用量为0.46 g·g-1、引发剂用量400 mg·kg-1和pH值为5~6。 相似文献
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海水中丙烯酸的高效液相色谱法建立及应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建立了一种测定海水介质中丙烯酸的高效液相色谱法。采用耐纯水相和较低pH的Agilent SB-Aq-C18柱(100 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5 μm), 0.35%磷酸溶液(pH=2)为流动相,使用紫外检测器,检测波长为210 nm,外标法定量测定。丙烯酸的保留时间在14.2~ 14.9 min,方法的检出限为4 nmol/dm3(S/N=3),在0.01~10 μmol/dm3的范围内均有良好的线性关系,相关系数可达0.999 6,加标回收率为95.4%~98.1%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~1.6%(1.04~2.32 μmol/dm3)。采用0.2 μm滤膜重力过滤冷藏的办法来保存海水丙烯酸样品。检测出2011年5月份青岛近海海水中丙烯酸的平均浓度为(0.101±0.069) μmol/dm3;海洋微藻球形棕囊藻在整个生长周期内培养体系中丙烯酸的浓度为0.339~2.219 μmol/dm3。 相似文献
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采用人肠道微生物体外厌氧发酵技术,研究人肠道微生物对不同分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的降解利用。分别将五个志愿者的肠道微生物接种到以高分子量和低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯为唯一碳源的培养基中,酵解48h后,采用TLC和PAGE分析分子量变化,PMP-HPLC分析单糖组成变化,GC分析短链脂肪酸的生成情况。结果发现:在人肠道微生物体外降解岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的体系中,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯寡糖和低分子量组分(10—20k Da)含量显著降低,而且酵解产物的单糖组成没有变化,说明被人肠道微生物彻底降解利用;而人肠道微生物对高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯(20k Da)的降解和利用度很低,产物的半乳糖和甘露糖的比例明显下降。低分子量和高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯在酵解后均生成短链脂肪酸乙酸、丙酸和丁酸,但在高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯发酵液中还生成了支链脂肪酸(异丁酸、异戊酸)和戊酸。研究结果表明,人肠道微生物能够彻底降解利用复杂的海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯寡糖和低分子量组分,但是对高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的降解率很低。单糖分析说明人肠道微生物能够降解和利用多糖中的所有单糖,产生有利于肠道健康的短链脂肪酸,但是只有低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯能够抑制支链脂肪酸生成。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(4)
虾青素具有极强的抗氧化、抗癌变和增强免疫力等功能,但由于虾青素水溶解性(分散性)的限制致使其生物利用度和应用范围有很大的局限性。本文以丁二酸酐和合成虾青素为原料(摩尔比为10∶1),以三乙胺为催化剂(与合成虾青素的摩尔比为3∶1),合成虾青素琥珀酸二酯;经硅胶柱层析,用氯仿-甲醇(90∶10,v/v)混合液进行洗脱纯化;用高效液相色谱对合成的虾青素琥珀酸二酯进行分析,测得其纯度达95%;经紫外光谱扫描,测得其最大吸收波长为487nm,与虾青素的最大吸收波长接近。薄层色谱结果显示,虾青素琥珀酸二酯的极性增大,LC-(APCI)MS/MS分析得到其分子量为796.5,从其裂解碎片中可得到虾青素的碎片离子m/z561.5和m/z579.5。通过1 H NMR和DEPTQ谱进行验证,合成产物为虾青素琥珀酸二酯。 相似文献
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三次采油含聚污水中残留HPAM的含量体现在采出液的黏度上,直接影响到含聚污水的处理。实验以乌氏黏度计法测量聚合物溶液的黏度下降率,通过对pH值、水质阴阳离子量、黏均分子量和剪切速率等相关因素的研究发现,渤海JZ9—3油田注聚用FP3640C型聚合物的溶液黏度在pH值2～4范围内影响明显,pH〉7以后,黏度损失率减小;JZ9～3油田地层水中的Mg2＋、Ca2＋对聚合物的黏度影响显著;当离子浓度在2500～4000mg／L范围内,Na＋和K＋对黏度的降低有明显的影响;恒温60℃时,聚合物的黏度随着恒温时间的延长而下降,至30d后趋于稳定;剪切速率增加,黏度逐渐降低,转速达到8000r／min后,黏度亦趋于稳定。 相似文献
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采用不同的提取方法和合成转化方法,建立了黄芪提取物及半合成产物的高效液相(HPLC)指纹图谱。黄芪提取物的HPLC检测条件为:Apollo-C18(150×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,柱温40℃,流动相为乙腈:水(1:2),检测波长为205nm,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量为10μl。结果表明:碱提法黄芪甲苷分离效果最好,由低到高的顺序为:水提法<醇提法<超声波法<碱提法;在2%硫酸溶液酸化条件下半合成产物的指纹图谱最好。建立的指纹图谱测定方法,适用于黄芪提取物及半合成产物的质量控制。 相似文献
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木瓜蛋白酶降解甲壳胺的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用一种木瓜蛋白酶过甲壳胺进行降解。研究了酶用量、pH值、温度、时间四个因素对反应的影响。其中,温度的影响作用显著,时间具有较小的影响作用(pH:3.0～6.0;温度:30°～60℃;时间:2～8h)。实验结果表明降解反应不遵循简单的动力模式。在pH4.0、40°C、8h、1.5mg/mL木瓜蛋白酶的条件下,分子量为(5～10)×105时用甲壳胺可容易地被木瓜蛋白酶降解为高度解聚的甲壳胺。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Nabil Sultan Pierre Cochonat Jean Fran ois Bourillet Florence Cayocca 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(2):107-133
This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed. 相似文献