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1.
The dual isotopes(N and O) of nitrate were measured using a denitrifier bacterial method in the western South China Sea(WSCS) during September 2015 to elucidate key information during N transformation in the lower euphotic zone(LEZ)-upper mesopelagic zone(UMZ,down to 500 m in this study) continuum,which is a vital sub-environment for marine N cycle and sequestration of atmospheric CO2 as well.The N isotopic composition(δ15N) of nitrate generally decreased from 500 m toward ...  相似文献   

2.
During the 29th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition, spatial variations in nitrogen isotopic composition of particulate nitrogen (δ15NPN) and their controlling factors were examined in detail with regard to nitrate drawdown by phytoplankton and particulate nitrogen (PN) remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas. To better constrain the nitrogen transformations, the physical and chemical parameters, including temperature, salinity, nutrients, PN and δ15NPN in seawater column were measured from surface to bottom. In addition, the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton in the mixed layer, and the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of PN remineralization below the mixed layer were estimated using Rayleigh model and Steady State model, respectively. Our results showed that suspended particles had its lowest δ15NPN in the surface layer, which was due to the preferential assimilation of 14N in nitrate by phytoplankton. The δ15NPN in the mixed layer of the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas decreased from the inner shelf to the outer basin, ascribing to the effect of isotope fractionation during phytoplankton assimilation. In mixed layer, the spatial distribution of δ15NPN associated with particulate organic matter (POM) production can be well interpreted according to Rayleigh model and Steady State model. The nitrogen isotope fractionation factor during phytoplankton assimilating nitrate was estimated as 10.0‰ by Steady State model, which was more reasonable than that calculated by Rayleigh model. These results validate the previous reports of fractionation factor during nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton. Increasing δ15NPN with depth below the euphotic zone correlated with the decreasing PN contents, and it was attributed to preferential remineralization of 14N in PN by bacteria. In subsurface and deep layer, the δ15NPN distributions also conformed to Rayleigh model and Steady State model during PN remineralization, with a fractionation factor of about 3.6‰ and 3.2‰, respectively. It is the first time to estimate the fractionation factor during POM production and remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas. Such fractionation may provide a useful tool for the follow-up study of the nitrogen dynamics in the Southern Ocean.  相似文献   

3.
Quantifying the gross and net production is an essential component of carbon cycling and marine ecosystem studies.Triple oxygen isotope measurements and the O_2/Ar ratio are powerful indices in quantifying the gross primary production and net community production of the mixed layer zone,respectively.Although there is a substantial advantage in refining the gas exchange term and water column vertical mixing calibration,application of mixed layer depth history to the gas exchange term and its contribution to reducing indices error are unclear.Therefore,two cruises were conducted in the slope regions of the northern South China Sea in October 2014(autumn) and June 2015(spring).Discrete water samples at Station L07 in the upper 150 m depth were collected for the determination of δ~(17)0,δ~(18)O,and the O_2/Ar ratio of dissolved gases.Gross oxygen production(GOP) was estimated using the triple oxygen isotopes of the dissolved O_2,and net oxygen production(NOP) was calculated using O_2/Ar ratio and O_2 concentration.The vertical mixing effect in NOP was calibrated via a N_2O based approach.GOP for autumn and spring was(169±23) mmol/(m~2·d)(by O_2) and(189±26) mmol/(m~2·d)(by O_2),respectively.While NOP was 1.5 mmol/(m~2·d)(by O_2) in autumn and 8.2 mmol/(m~2·d)(by O_2) in spring.Application of mixed layer depth history in the gas flux parametrization reduced up to 9.5% error in the GOP and NOP estimations.A comparison with an independent O_2 budget calculation in the diel observation indicated a26% overestimation in the current GOP,likely due to the vertical mixing effect.Both GOP and NOP in June were higher than those in October.Potential explanations for this include the occurrence of an eddy process in June,which may have exerted a submesoscale upwelling at the sampling station,and also the markedly higher terrestrial impact in June.  相似文献   

4.
珠江口初级生产力和新生产力研究   总被引:18,自引:2,他引:18  
1996年12月和1997年8月在珠江河口湾及其毗邻海域对浮游植物生物量、初级生产力和新生产力及其环境制约机制的研究.结果表明,调查海区的叶绿素a、初级生产力和新生产力均是夏季高于冬季,冬、夏两季的平均值分别为(0.95±0.41)和(1.08±0.52)μg/dm3,(69.2±75.5)和(198.7±119.1)mg/(m2·d),(1.46±0.79)和(3.05±3.09)mg/(m3·h).冬、夏两季平均f-比分别为0.45和0.38.分级叶绿素a结果显示,冬、夏两季均以微型和微微型级分(<20μm)占优势,其对海区叶绿素a的贡献分别为796%和81.6%,对初级生产力的贡献分别为70.7%和896%.调查海区具显著的空间区域化特征,叶绿素a和潜在初级生产力的高值出现在冲淡水区的中部,向口门区和远岸区逐渐降低.现场初级生产力的高值出现在远岸区,它与复合参数BeZpI0(Be为真光层平均叶绿素a,Zp为真光层深度,I0为海面光辐射强度-PAR)呈很好的正相关,说明光是研究海区初级生产力的主要限制因子.新生产力冬、夏两季的高值分别出现在交椅湾和伶仃洋西南部.  相似文献   

5.
采用船载海?气CO2连续观测系统于2011年和2014年夏季在琼州海峡开展了现场观测,分析研究了表层海水二氧化碳分压(pCO2)时空变化及其影响因子。2011年和2014年夏季pCO2分别为(516±29) μatm和(533±15) μatm,海?气CO2交换通量分别为(8.4±1.7) mmol/(m2·d)和(4.5±0.4) mmol/(m2·d),均是大气CO2的强源,高于相邻及相似海域,主要受控于东口海域上升流和海峡中部狭管效应。2011年夏季东口上升流增大pCO2的同时也促进了浮游植物繁殖,光合作用吸收水体CO2,降低了pCO2,而且受其影响,西口口门附近叶绿素a和溶解氧含量陡增,pCO2突降。2014年夏季东口海域上升流较弱,且观测海域垂直混合作用显著,pCO2和溶解氧分布特征与2001年夏季明显不同。海峡中部狭管效应造成水体输运速率大、混合作用强,浮游植物“来不及”生长,pCO2较高。  相似文献   

6.
Based on a hydrodynamic-ecological model, the temperature, salinity, current, phytoplankton(Chl a),zooplankton, and nutrient(dissolved inorganic nitrogen, DIN, and dissolved inorganic phosphorous, DIP)distributions in the Beibu Gulf were simulated and the nutrient budget of 2015 was quantitatively analyzed. The simulated results show that interface processes and monsoons significantly influence the ecological processes in the gulf. The concentrations of DIN, DIP, phytoplankton and zooplankton are generally higher in the eastern and northern gulf than that in the western and southern gulf. The key regions affected by ecological processes are the Qiongzhou Strait in winter and autumn and the estuaries along the Guangxi coast and the Red River in summer.In most of the studied domains, biochemical processes contribute more to the nutrient budget than do physical processes, and the DIN and DIP increase over the year. Phytoplankton plays an important role in the nutrient budget; phytoplankton photosynthetic uptake is the nutrient sink, phytoplankton dead cellular release is the largest source of DIN, and phytoplankton respiration is the largest source of DIP. The nutrient flux in the connected sections of the Beibu Gulf and open South China Sea(SCS) inflows from the east and outflows to the south. There are 113 709 t of DIN and 5 277 t of DIP imported from the open SCS to the gulf year-around.  相似文献   

7.
郭水伙 《台湾海峡》2009,28(1):71-76
据南海环境调查资料,研究了南海水体NO3-N、NO2-N、NH4-N、DIN含量及无机氮组成的垂直变化规律.结果表明:NO3-N、NO2-N、NH4-N、DIN含量范围和均值分别为0.00~43.9,12.32;0.00~1.69,0.07;0.17-14.87,1.32;0.35~45.92,13.73μmol/dm^3.其含量分布与垂直变化特征与深海、大洋的相似,表明南海水是太平洋的变性水体.NO3-N、DIN含量的垂直分布跃层出现于75~500m间,夏季的跃层强度分别为6.61X10-’、6.68×1012Ixmol/(dm’·m),冬季的均为5.65×10^-2μmol/(dm^3·m);NO2-N含量的最大值多出现于75~100m之间,NH4-N含量的最大值出现在0m层.在浮游植物活动较旺盛的真光层中,NH4-N为无机氮的主要存在形态(平均占比为64.4%).真光层以下NO3-N为无机氮的主要存在形态(平均占比≥90.8%).对三项无机氮含量与其他生源要素、水文因子的相关分析结果表明,NO3-N含量与PO4-P、TDP、TP、SiO3-Si、S均呈显著正相关,与pH、DO、O2%、t则呈显著负相关.  相似文献   

8.
基于2009年6–9月,2014年5月,2014年7–8月在乳山湾外邻近海域的综合调查资料,分析了该开放海域水体与沉积物中氮、磷营养盐的组成和分布,并在潮汐潮流数值模式计算水通量的基础上分析了近岸开放区域无机氮(DIN)和无机磷(DIP)的循环与收支的主要过程,量化了潮汐潮流、初级生产的消耗与转化、底界面过程与内部循环等过程对氮和磷营养盐循环与收支的影响。结果表明,夏季乳山湾外邻近海域水体DIN和DIP的浓度与分布受陆源输入和潮汐潮流的共同影响,高值均出现在湾口区域;沉积物-水界面存在DIN和DIP从沉积物向上覆水释放的现象,使得底层水体的氮、磷营养盐浓度高于表层水体。氮的收支表明,研究海域水体内部循环过程是初级生产所需DIN的主要来源,占初级生产总消耗量的86%,其次是水交换作用(11%),底界面扩散对初级生产的贡献相对较小(3%);水体DIN的移出主要是通过埋藏、向外海的输送和水体反硝化作用,其比例分别为80%、16%和4%。磷的收支显示,研究海域水体内部循环过程贡献了初级生产所需DIP的91%,其次是水交换作用(9%),底界面扩散对初级生产的贡献小于1%;水体DIP支出主要是通过沉积埋藏和向外海的输送,其比例分别为67%和33%。研究结果表明内部循环过程是近海水体氮和磷获得补充的主要途径,不过外部来源的氮、磷营养盐结构与系统内部具有显著的差异,且系统内磷的埋藏效率要高于氮,其必将对乳山湾外邻近海域营养盐结构和初级生产产生长远的影响。  相似文献   

9.
We compare the output of an 18-box geochemical model of the ocean with measurements to investigate the controls on both the mean values and variation of nitrate δ15N and δ18O in the ocean interior. The δ18O of nitrate is our focus because it has been explored less in previous work. Denitrification raises the δ15N and δ18O of mean ocean nitrate by equal amounts above their input values for N2 fixation (for δ15N) and nitrification (for δ18O), generating parallel gradients in the δ15N and δ18O of deep ocean nitrate. Partial nitrate assimilation in the photic zone also causes equivalent increases in the δ15N and δ18O of the residual nitrate that can be transported into the interior. However, the regeneration and nitrification of sinking N can be said to decouple the N and O isotopes of deep ocean nitrate, especially when the sinking N is produced in a low latitude region, where nitrate consumption is effectively complete. The δ15N of the regenerated nitrate is equivalent to that originally consumed, whereas the regeneration replaces nitrate previously elevated in δ18O due to denitrification or nitrate assimilation with nitrate having the δ18O of nitrification. This lowers the δ18O of mean ocean nitrate and weakens nitrate δ18O gradients in the interior relative to those in δ15N. This decoupling is characterized and quantified in the box model, and agreement with data shows its clear importance in the real ocean. At the same time, the model appears to generate overly strong gradients in both δ18O and δ15N within the ocean interior and a mean ocean nitrate δ18O that is higher than measured. This may be due to, in the model, too strong an impact of partial nitrate assimilation in the Southern Ocean on the δ15N and δ18O of preformed nitrate and/or too little cycling of intermediate-depth nitrate through the low latitude photic zone.  相似文献   

10.
长棘海星暴发对珊瑚礁生态系统产生了严重危害,而水体营养盐的补充可能是导致长棘海星暴发的一个关键因素。砂质沉积物对调控珊瑚礁区的营养盐浓度和结构起着关键作用,因此本研究通过流动式反应器对长棘海星和砂质沉积物进行模拟实验,分析长棘海星排泄活动及其死亡后有机体降解对水体营养盐的影响,并探究砂质沉积物的响应。实验结果表明:(1)长棘海星排泄的溶解无机氮(DIN)和溶解无机磷(DIP)通量分别为(83.55±4.74)μmol/(ind.·h)和(2.53±0.03)μmol/(ind.·h),这些营养盐可能给长棘海星的持续暴发提供营养条件;(2)砂质沉积物对长棘海星排泄导致的营养盐浓度升高具有缓冲作用,约70.7%的DIN和91.4%的DIP被截留在沉积物中,但沉积物界面营养盐交换导致的氮磷比升高可能不利于珊瑚生长;(3)长棘海星死后的有机体降解可促使沉积物–水界面释放营养盐,结合海星暴发密度估算,其释放的营养盐可导致上覆水中DIN和DIP浓度分别升高0.32 μmol/L和0.01 μmol/L,这可能会促使大型藻的快速生长而妨碍珊瑚的自我修复。  相似文献   

11.
ChemicalcharacteristicsandestimationontheverticalfluxofN,P,SiinupwellingareaofTaiwanStrait¥ChenShuituandRuanWuqi(FujianInstit...  相似文献   

12.
The Changjiang Estuary has been considered as one of the most polluted estuaries in the world due to high nitrate (NO-3) input, especially in spring and summer. In this study, δ15N and δ18O of NO-3 , along with other chemical parameters in this area, were measured in spring to evaluate NO-3 biogeochemical processes. A simple two end-members mixing model was used to examine the relative contribution of the Changjiang River Diluted Water and marine water to NO-3 sources in the Changjiang Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea. The isotopic signals show that NO-3 behaved relatively and conservatively in Transect F and Transect P where assimilation was weak possibly due to vertical mixing, while active assimilation and weak nitrification occurred in Transect D. Spatial difference in assimilation was indicated by the~1:1 enrichment of δ15N and δ18O in the three transects, while spatial difference in nitrification was reflected by deviations of δ15 N and δ18O from assimilation line. Our results suggest that the input of the Changjiang River Diluted Water promoted NO-3 assimilation possibly by stratifying the water column which favored the phytoplankton growth.  相似文献   

13.
碱性磷酸酶活性(alkaline phosphatase activity, APA)是海洋研究中用于反映浮游植物磷限制状态的重要指标。在长江口等“氮过剩”海域,磷是控制海域初级生产力水平的主要因子,然而,磷限制的范围常常难以界定,当前对不同粒级浮游植物的磷限制效应所知甚少。该文根据2020年夏季长江口航次资料,给出了海洋表层各粒级浮游植物(Net:≥20 μm;Nano:2~20 μm;Pico:0.8~2 μm)APA、浮游细菌APA(0.2~0.8 μm)和溶解态APA(<0.2 μm)的空间分布特征,并分析了APA与环境要素间的相关性。结果显示,各粒级浮游植物APA均与无机磷酸盐浓度(dissolved inorganic phosphate, DIP)呈显著负相关,这表明DIP浓度是影响浮游植物APA分布的主要因素。在平面分布上,各粒级浮游植物APA在近口门的光限制区均较低,且呈现自口门向外逐渐升高的趋势,与DIP的分布特征相反。Net和Nano级APA[平均值分别为 (40.28±32.35) nmol/(L·h)和(52.38±34.78) nmol/(L·h)]显著高于Pico级APA[平均值为(28.43±20.23) nmol/(L·h)],这表明大粒级浮游植物可能更易受DIP下降的影响。该研究中,诱导浮游植物APA快速升高的DIP浓度为0.159 μmol/L,与近岸区磷限制经验阈值相接近。该研究揭示了夏季不同粒级浮游植物对长江口磷分布的响应特征,有助于理解长江口初级生产过程的环境调控机制。  相似文献   

14.
2017年6月在珠江口及近岸海域61个站位采集了悬浮颗粒物生物硅(BSi,biogenic silica)和叶绿素a(Chl a)。利用RAGUENEAU et al(2005)提出的碱提取法测定了悬浮颗粒物生物硅,探讨不同环境条件下BSi浓度以及碱性提取液中岩源硅(LSi,lithogenic silica)的干扰程度。结果显示,Chl a质量浓度范围为0.06~8.64 μg·L-1,悬浮颗粒物BSi浓度从低于检测限到14.3 μmol·L-1,LSi浓度范围为0.00~9.56 μmol·L-1;LSi/(LSi+BSi)比均值为0.38 mol·mol-1。提取液中测得的Si/Al比均值为2.42 mol·mol-1,与RAGUENEAU et al(2005)报道值接近。研究区域内的表层BSi反映了硅藻的生物量,与Chl a存在显著线性相关。LSi对BSi测量的干扰程度存在明显的空间差异,总体上近岸BSi和LSi高,LSi/(LSi+BSi)比低;外海BSi和LSi低,LSi/(LSi+BSi)比高;河口内BSi低,LSi高,LSi/(LSi+BSi)比高;上升流区BSi和LSi高,LSi/(LSi+BSi)比高;底层较表层具有更高的LSi和LSi/(LSi+BSi)比。最后,对常用的几种碱提取法在应用时存在的问题作了探讨。  相似文献   

15.
The Subei Shoal is the largest sandy ridge in the southern Yellow Sea and is important source for nutrient loading to the sea. Here, the nutrient fluxes in the Subei Shoal associated with eddy diffusion and submarine groundwater discharge(SGD) were assessed to understand their impacts on the nutrient budget in the Yellow Sea. Based on the analysis of 223 Ra and 224 Ra in the field observation, the offshore eddy diffusivity mixing coefficient and SGD were estimated to be 2.3×108 cm  相似文献   

16.
The Prydz Bay in the Antarctic is an important area in the Southern Ocean due to its unique geographic feature. It plays an important role in the carbon cycle in the Southern Ocean. To investigate the distributions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and surface seawater and its air-sea exchange rates in this region, the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE) had set up several sections in the Prydz Bay. Here we present the results from the CHINARE-XVI cruises were presented onboard R/V Xue/ong from November 1999 to April 2000 and the main driving forces were discussed controlling the distributions of partial pressure of carbon dioxide. According to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide distributions, the Prydz Bay can be divided into the inside and outside regions. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide was low in the inside region but higher in the outside region during the measurement period. This distribution had a good negative correlation with the concentrations of ehlorophyll-a in general, suggesting that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide was substantially affected by biological production. The results also indicate that the biological produetion is most likely the main driving force in the marginal ice zone in the Southern Ocean in summer. However, in the Antarctic divergence sector of the Prydz Bay (about 64°S), the hydrological processes become the controlling factor as the sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide is much higher than the atmospheric one due to the upwelling of the high DIC CDW, and this made the outside of Prydz Bay a source of carbon dioxide. On the basis of the calculations, the CO2 flux in January (austral summer) was -3.23 mmol/(m^2 · d) in the inner part of Prydz Bay, i.e. , a sink of atmospheric CO2, and was 0.62 mmol/(m^2 · d) in the outside part of the bay, a weak source of atmospheric CO2. The average air-sea flux of CO2 in the Prydz Bay was 2.50 mmol/(m^2 · d).  相似文献   

17.
Tomogashima Strait, which is an entrance of Osaka Bay, is a very important area for material transport because a large volume of pollutant-rich water in Osaka Bay is transported through this strait. We have investigated the cross sectional structures of current and material fluxes at Tomogashima Strait, Osaka Bay. Tidal current and residual flow patterns in cross section at Tomogashima Strait during summer and winter are almost the same, and residual flow in summer is stronger than that in winter. However, the net water exchange through the strait in summer was almost the same volume as that in winter. At Tomogashima Strait, total suspended matter (TSM) and particulate organic carbon (POC), and individual nitrogen and phosphorus compartments in Osaka Bay always flowed out except particulate organic nitrogen (PON). The average outflows of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) at Tomogashima Strait over a year were calculated to be 145 ton/d and 30 ton/d, respectively. The average outflow of DIN and DIP at Tomogashima Strait over a year were 95 ton/d and 13 ton/d (DIN/DIP = 16), respectively. Residence times of both DIN and DIP in Osaka Bay were estimated to be about two months.  相似文献   

18.
We conducted hydrographic observations ten times in the Tsushima Strait to reveal seasonal variations of horizontal material transports such as of heat, freshwater, chlorophyll a, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) through the eastern channel of the Tsushima Strait (ECTS). The volume, freshwater, and heat transport results are of nearly the same order as results reported in previous studies. The annual mean DIN and DIP transports of 3.59 kmol/s and 0.29 kmol/s are large relative to those of the Changjiang and the Taiwan Strait and are horizontally transported through the ECTS. Nutrient transports are high in July–August and October and low in April and November. Increased nutrient transports in July–August and October are due to the appearance of a cold saline water mass in the bottom layer of the ECTS. Changes in DIN transports in summer and autumn, which account for two-thirds of the total annual DIN transport, would have a large effect on the nitrogen budget and biological productivity in the Tsushima Warm Current region.  相似文献   

19.
Horizontal distributions of phytoplankton abundance,species composition as well as environmental factors were investigated in the surface waters of southern South China Sea(SCS) in early summer(May 16 to June 7) of 2009.In most areas of southern SCS,the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were very low and DIN/DIP ratios usually were lower than the Redfield N/P Ratio of 16:1.Nitrogen nutrients were significant lower in the upwelling region off Vietnam.A total of 144 taxa of phytoplankton were identified in the study area.The dominant genera were Prorocentrum,Gonyaulax,Gyrodinium,Scrippsiella and Chaetoceros,respectively.Spatial patterns of early-summer phytoplankton abundance and species composition should be mainly controlled by the upwelling off Vietnam and the discharge of Mekong River in the southern SCS.Diatoms dominated in the nutritious Mekong River Estuary or upwelling region off Vietnam;while dinoflagellates dominated in the oligotrophic pelagic region.The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) indicates that most of diatoms favor higher levels of silicate and phosphorus,as well as lower temperature;while most of dinoflagellates favor the lower silicate and phosphorous and higher temperature.Correlation and CCA results indicate that silicate,nitrate and temperature were the most relevant environmental factors to regulate the horizontal pattern of early-summer phytoplankton in the surface waters of southern SCS.  相似文献   

20.
Temporal changes in δ15N values of sinking particles collected with sediment traps in the Benguela upwelling regime off southwest Africa mirrored variations in the input of inorganic nitrogen to the surface water. Reductions in δ15N (to as low as 2.5‰) corresponded to low sea surface temperatures during austral spring and late austral autumn/early winter, indicating increased nitrate availability due to the presence of recently upwelled water. High particulate fluxes accompanied the low δ15N values and sea surface temperatures, reflecting increased productivity, fueled by the upwelled nutrients. High δ15N values (up to 13.1‰) coincided with high sea surface temperatures and low particle fluxes. In this area, the seaward extension of upwelling filaments, which usually occurs twice yearly, brings nutrient-rich water to the euphotic zone and leads to elevated productivity and relatively lower δ15N values of the particulate nitrogen. Satellite images of ocean chlorophyll show that productivity variations coincide with δ15N changes. The observed isotopic pattern does not appear to have been caused by variations in the species composition of the phytoplankton assemblage. Calculations based on δ15N of the sinking particulate nitrogen show that the surface nitrate pool was more depleted during late austral summer/early fall and mid-winter and that supply exceeded demand during the intense spring bloom and in late austral fall. The main uncertainty associated with these estimates is the effect of diagenesis on δ15N and possible variability in preservation of the isotope signal between periods of high and low particle flux.  相似文献   

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