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新疆塔木-卡兰古铅锌矿带位于塔里木板块西南缘之晚古生代碳酸盐岩台地环境中。矿化以铅锌铜矿为主,矿床赋存于中泥盆统一下石炭统3个控矿的古含水层中,矿体形态复杂。矿石根据其结构大体可分两类：一类呈角砾状构造,硫化物呈细脉浸染状,交代、粗粒自形等结构发育,主要矿物方铅矿、闪锌矿,黄铁矿含量很低,共（伴）生赤铁矿和磁铁矿;另一类矿石中硫化物呈稀疏浸染状,发育大量的胶状、草莓状结构。研究表明,角砾岩带是重要的找矿评价标志,矿床成因属密西西比河谷型(MVT),矿石结构的特点更加支持两种性质差异很大的低温热液混合引起成矿物质的沉淀和成矿的成因模型。 相似文献
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新疆塔木—卡兰古MVT铅锌矿带地质特征 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
新疆西昆仑地区塔木－卡兰古铅锌带位于塔里木板块西南缘晚古生代碳酸盐吧地环境中。矿化以铅锌矿为主，某些矿床含铜。矿床赋存于上泥盆统一下石炭统三个控矿的古含水层中。本形态复杂，富矿段往往赋存于多组断裂构造交汇部位。角砾岩化，白云石化是矿区最主要的矿石构造和围岩蚀变。 相似文献
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通过塔西南缘铅锌矿带金属硫化物(方铅矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿)的硫同位素测试研究,结果显示δ34S值范围在-38.3‰～24.0‰,具双峰式分布,推测两种或两种以上流体相混合是导致矿床硫同位素组成变化的主要原因,一类硫化物的δ34S值集中在-6‰～6‰,组成的矿石呈细粒、草莓状结构及浸染状构造;另一类硫化物的δ34S值集中在-32‰～-24‰,组成的矿石呈粗粒、脉状或角砾状构造。两种流体受构造应力和压实作用的影响,沿着断裂或岩石的裂隙运移并相混合,发生热化学硫酸盐还原反应,产生的HS-与Zn2+、Pb2+结合形成闪锌矿、方铅矿,在有利部位沉淀成矿。硫主要来源于海水硫酸盐。 相似文献
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麦兹火山-沉积盆地内铅锌矿呈似层状、透镜状,矿石构造以条纹条带状、块状、斑杂状为主,矿物成分相对简单,矿体直接容矿围岩为火山-沉积岩.矿床δ34S值为-20.6‰～-10‰;矿床石英流体包裹体水的δD值为-89.1‰～-49.48‰,δ18OSMOW值为4.7‰～1.2‰.矿化层中方解石的δ13C值介于-6.7‰～-14.3‰之间,δ18O值在10.3‰～12.9‰之间.矿床属火山-沉积岩容矿的块状硫化物矿床,介于典型的火山岩容矿的块状硫化物型矿床(VHMS)和典型沉积岩容矿的硫化物矿床(SEDEX型)之间的过渡类型(一种新类型块状硫化物矿床). 相似文献
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赵发勇铅锌矿床位于三江成矿带中段昌都地区,铅锌矿化发育在新生代区域逆冲推覆构造中,以逆冲断层相关的古溶洞构造为主要控矿构造,代表了逆冲褶皱系MVT铅锌矿床中一种新的成矿模式——溶洞控矿成矿模式。因此,笔者在对赵发勇矿区详细地质填图基础上,对其成矿流体特征、成矿期方解石和硫化物的同位素组成进行了系统研究,以期对逆冲褶皱系MVT铅锌矿床中这一新成矿模式的成因机制进行探讨。赵发勇铅锌矿床矿体呈漏斗状-筒状发育在逆(冲)断层上、下盘的下二叠统和上三叠统灰岩古溶洞中,以角砾状、块状和皮壳状为主要矿石构造,以方铅矿、闪锌矿为主要矿石矿物,经历了硫化物期(I)和硫化物-碳酸盐期(II)两期成矿过程。I期成矿流体总体具低温度(130～140℃)、高盐度(23%～24%NaCl eq.)特征,部分呈现中高温度(约高达400℃)、中低盐度(约低达8%NaCleq.)特征;δDV-SMOW值介于–147‰～–94‰,δ18O流体值介于1.25‰～13.62‰;同成矿期方解石δ13CV-PDB值为–2.4‰～5.1‰,δ18OV-SMOW值为15.1‰～27.4‰。两期硫化物δ34S均为负值(–15.1‰～–1.6‰), 206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb组成分别为18.703 0～18.966 2、15.638 9～15.687 2、38.554 8～38.924 0。研究表明, I期铅锌矿化由①封存在地层中的蒸发浓缩的海水或/和区域古近纪—新近纪盆地下渗的盆地卤水形成的低温度、高盐度的本地流体和②由区域或矿区地层释放的蒸发浓缩海水和变质基底释放的变质水混合而成的中低温、中高盐度的区域流体两种流体组成;两期矿化的成矿金属来自造山带中从基底变质岩到盖层灰岩或/和碎屑岩等在内的多套地层,还原硫来自古近纪—新近纪盆地卤水中的硫酸盐±灰岩地层封存水中的硫酸盐的细菌还原作用;富还原硫的本地流体和富金属物质的区域流体的混合是铅锌硫化物沉淀的主要机制。结合对三江带区域溶洞控矿MVT铅锌矿床研究认识,笔者初步建立了逆冲褶皱系溶洞控矿MVT铅锌矿床成矿模型。 相似文献
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本文通过对南斗冲铅锌矿区区域地质背景、地层、构造、矿石组构等地质特征以及含矿建造地球化学特征的综合研究表明：南斗冲铅锌矿属构造控制的热液矿床,其成矿流体为沉积盆地中的热卤水经过循环溶解金属矿物形成的含矿热液,矿体主要赋存于岩石构造裂隙中,多形成含矿角砾岩、碎裂化粉晶-细晶白云岩。铅锌矿体分布在南斗冲向斜两翼,受断裂F5和F6控制,主要赋存于寒武系-奥陶系下统博菜田组第二段闪锌矿化碎裂化粉晶-细晶白云岩中。矿石矿物主要有硫化物、氧化物、硫酸盐等3种存在形式,其中主要为硫化物和氧化物矿物。寒武系-奥陶系下统博菜田组为滇东南地区新发现的铅锌矿赋矿层位,为下一步寻找铅锌矿提供了新的找矿方向。 相似文献
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西藏昌都地区拉拢拉类MVT铅锌矿床矿化特征与成因研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
昌都地区位于青藏高原碰撞造山带东北部,是西南三江Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag成矿带重要组成部分,区内碳酸盐岩容矿铅锌矿床大量产出,成矿明显受到新生代区域逆冲推覆构造系统控制.拉拢拉铅锌矿床位于昌都地区最具代表性的碳酸盐岩容矿铅锌矿集区西南部,是区内铅锌矿床的典型代表.为了填补三江带昌都地区碳酸盐岩容矿铅锌矿床的研究空白,笔者在对拉拢拉矿区详细地质填图基础上,深入剖析了铅锌矿化成因,建立了铅锌成矿模型.矿区铅锌矿体产于逆冲断层上盘,主要呈透镜体状沿上三叠统甲丕拉组泥页岩和波里拉组灰岩岩性分界面展布,角砾状和网脉状为主要矿石构造,方铅矿、闪锌矿和菱锌矿为主要矿石矿物,矿体控矿要素和产状代表了三江带碳酸盐岩容矿铅锌矿床的一种全新矿床式,命名为拉拢拉式.矿区主要成矿过程划分为硫化物期(Ⅰ)和硫化物-碳酸盐期(Ⅱ),两期之间以一期构造活动相隔.Ⅰ期发育富液相LV流体包裹体和富CO2和CH4的LV流体包裹体两种类型,显微测温显示出低温(130 ～ 140℃)、高盐(23％ ～ 24％ NaCleqv)、中高密度(1.10～1.12g·cm-3)和中低温(170～180℃)、高盐(23％ ～24％ NaCleqv)、中低密度(1.06～ 1.08g· cm-3)两种特征.两期矿化流体均为Ca2+-Mg2+-Na+-K+-SO42--Cl--F--NO3-卤水体系,其离子含量相近,H-O同位素组成相似(δDC-SMOW为-137‰ ～-110‰,δ18 OV-SMOW为-2.92‰ ～ 13.42‰),形成方解石的C-O同位素分布规律一致(δ13CV-PDB为0.9‰～ 7.2‰,δ18OV-SMOW为9.1‰ ～ 26.5‰),揭示矿区至少存在两种流体来源,分别为中低温度、高盐度盆地卤水和由大气降水、地层封存蒸发浓缩海水及区域变质水混合而成的区域流体.两期矿化中矿物S同位素组成相近,硫化物δ34S为负值(-24.7‰ ～-11.5‰),重晶石δ34S为正值(11.3‰～22.9‰),第三纪石膏δ34S值(2‰～4.7‰)介于二者之间,反映还原硫主要来自生物还原第三纪盆地下渗的盆地卤水和灰岩地层封存的蒸发浓缩海水中的硫酸盐,富含金属物质的外来流体与富含还原硫的本地流体的混合是金属物质在矿区卸载的主要方式.两期方铅矿Pb同位素组成一致,206pb/204 Pb、207pb/204Pb和208 pb/204 Pb比值分别为18.8646 ～18.8835,15.6619 ～15.6677和38.9404～ 38.9796,推测成矿物质来自造山带内从变质基底到盖层灰岩(甚至碎屑岩)的多套地层.综合对比拉拢拉矿床与三江带内碳酸盐岩容矿铅锌矿床,提出拉拢拉矿床与区域铅锌矿床成因类型一致,为受逆冲推覆构造控制的类MVT铅锌矿床,其代表的拉拢拉式矿床成矿模型可简述如下:逆冲推覆构造在碳酸盐岩地层中形成构造圈闭,第三纪盆地卤水下渗汇聚及伴随的硫酸盐生物还原作用形成富含H2S的本地流体储库;区域挤压变形释放的区域流体沿逆冲推覆主滑脱带运移,交换基底及盖层中的成矿物质,形成富含Pb-Zn-卤素络合物的外来流体;逆冲断层断后伸展导致区域流体沿相关开放空间上升至灰岩与泥页岩分界面这一上下封闭的有利空间与本地流体混合,铅锌硫化物及铅锌碳酸盐沉淀,金属物质卸载,形成以透镜状为主的矿体沿岩性分界面展布. 相似文献
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新疆阿克陶县塔木—卡兰古铅锌矿带矿体地质特征 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
新疆塔木－卡兰古铅锌矿带矿床属于台缘碳酸盐岩容矿的超低温度热液成因。矿麻赋存于中泥盆统一下石炭统３个控矿的由碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩组成的古含水层中,角砾岩、矿体均具有复杂的产状,影响矿体产出了主要因素包括碎屑岩－碳酸盐岩界面、构造、低温热液交代作用以及容矿围岩的岩性,铅锌、铜、铁矿均是统一的成矿系统的一部分,锌（铅）矿围岩以碳酸盐岩为主,铜矿围岩为紫工色碎屑岩,铅矿围岩为灰白色碎屑岩,各主要矿空部及外围均存在较好的找矿前景。 相似文献
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青海玉树东莫扎抓铅锌矿床地质特征及碳氢氧同位素地球化学研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
东莫扎抓铅锌矿床位于青藏高原羌塘地体东北缘,是"三江"北段铅锌铜银多金属成矿带中的典型代表,对该矿床地质特征和成因类型的研究有助于理解区域铅锌铜银多金属成矿规律,对区域找矿具有重要意义.笔者通过详细的矿区地质考察、系统的矿石光薄片显微镜下鉴定和矿石中方解石的碳、氢、氧同位素分析测试,概述了东莫扎抓铅锌矿床的地质特征和成矿流体的碳、氢、氧同位素组成特征.东莫扎抓铅锌矿床矿体呈似层状展布,产状严格受到矿区逆冲断层的控制,赋矿围岩为上三叠统结扎群波里拉组灰岩和下一中二叠统开心岭群尕迪考组灰岩,发育强白云石化和弱硅化,矿物组合简单,主要为闪锌矿+方铅矿+黄铁矿+白云石+方解石+重晶石,矿石结构以皮壳状、草莓状等胶状结构和他形粒状结构为主,矿石构造为浸染状、角砾状、团块状和脉状.矿石中方解石的δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)值、δ~(18)O_(V-SMOW)值分别为δD_(V-SMOW)值分别为-1.8‰～+3.3‰、+6.1‰～+24.6‰和-137‰～-53‰,计算得到成矿流体的δ~(18)O_(流体)值为-0.5‰～+13.8‰.研究结果表明,东莫扎抓铅锌矿床的成矿流体主要来自盆地封存热卤水和大气降水,金属物质可能由区域流体在长距离迁移过程中通过与碳酸盐岩地层相互作用,以及淋滤含矿地层底部的火山岩而得来,成矿过程中伴随着碳酸盐岩的溶解作用,可能存在有机质的参与.据此,笔者将东莫扎抓矿床归为发育在碰撞造山带中受逆冲推覆断裂构造控制的类MVT铅锌矿床,并初步建立了东莫扎抓铅锌矿床的构造控矿模型. 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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17.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
18.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献