共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
为系统研究球川富硒区耕地土壤地球化学特征及地下水影响因素,采集了研究区耕地232件表层土壤样和37件地下水样,分析了As、Hg、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd、Pb8种重金属和Se等元素含量。通过测试结果统计分析探究了该区富硒土壤地球化学特征。结果表明：区内表层土壤硒含量主要集中于0.2～0.75 mg/kg,平均含量0.41 mg/kg,高于浙江省平均值,且硒含量高值区与荷塘组地层走向分布基本一致;富硒区土壤存在一定重金属污染风险,污染风险主要来自Cd,其次为Cu、As、Ni,Cd点位超标率达7.76%,超标点位分布总体与荷塘组黑色岩系分布位置一致;污染综合评价以清洁为主,占比86.64%,轻度以上污染样品数占总样品数2.57%,总体土壤重金属污染不严重;潜水样检测结果反映该区地下水并未受到污染,pH、Se、Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Zn及Cr6+各项地下水指标均低于《地下水质量标准》（GB/T 1448—2017）IV类限值标准,地下水质量综合评价为IV类。潜水Se、Cd含量与对应土壤Se、Cd含量都不相关,反映Se和重金属元素在土壤中纵向迁移表现不明显。 相似文献
2.
富硒土地是生产富硒农产品的宝贵资源,黑色岩系形成的土壤通常富含硒和重金属元素。为了指导这类富硒土地资源的安全开发利用,选择浙江中部典型黑色岩系分布区,通过调查土壤-作物中硒和重金属的浓度及生物有效性,评价农产品富硒率,识别作物重金属超标风险。结果显示:研究区富硒土壤占38%,足硒土壤占62%,水稻和莲子富硒率分别为85.71%和100%;受黑色岩系风化成土影响,研究区土壤镉含量介于污染筛选值和风险管控值之间的样品比例为26%,且Cd活动态和潜在活动态所占比例分别为57%和40%,水稻籽实中Cd超标率为31%,莲子Cd含量均不超标。基于土壤重金属总量和形态的风险评价表明,富硒土壤开发利用的风险区主要位于西皮山岗和腰塘边一带,建议禁止种植农产品,其他黑色岩系发育的富硒丘陵地区,虽然土壤镉含量较高,但因土壤Cd的生物有效性和水稻中Cd的超标率较低,应加以保护和合理开发利用。 相似文献
3.
通过对山东省小清河流域土壤重金属污染现状的调查研究,查明土壤重金属污染状况,元素来源和分布迁移规律,从而为该区土壤重金属污染的科学治理提供有效依据。研究发现,小清河沿岸地区的重金属污染主要表现为As、Cd、Cr、Ni等元素的污染;依据内梅罗污染指数评价方法发现研究区存在重金属污染的土壤总面积为880.5 km2,未受到重金属污染的土壤面积为1 822.1 km2,分别占全区总土壤面积的32.58%和67.42%,其中上游的济南市城区北园镇至华山镇区域的小清河两岸是重污染区。对小清河流域土壤重金属来源的探析表明,大气干湿沉降是土壤重金属污染的主要来源;土壤重金属的生物有效性评价显示重金属元素Cd的活动态比例高达56.17%,活化迁移能力强,是该区对生态环境危害性最大的污染因子。此外,As、Cd、Cr、Pb等重金属元素的活动态含量明显受pH值和Corg含量的制约,在低pH值、高Corg含量的土壤区应高度重视As和Cd的污染问题。 相似文献
4.
为系统研究石煤矿山周边耕地富硒土壤地球化学特征及影响因素,在浙江省常山县辉埠石煤矿山周边耕地采集了表层土壤样品144件、农产品甘蔗样20件、土壤垂向剖面土壤样6件、岩石样5件和地表水样3件。通过样品Se、有机质、As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Hg、Cr等元素含量指标测定和统计,探究了该区富硒土壤地球化学特征。结果表明:区内表层土壤硒含量主要集中于0.47~1.34 mg/kg之间,平均含量0.87 mg/kg,远高于浙江省平均值,且硒含量高值区与辉埠石煤矿的走向一致;硒含量随着土壤深度增加而逐渐下降;89.58%的土壤样品和65%的甘蔗样品达到富硒标准,但存在土壤和农产品Cd等主要重金属元素含量超标的生态风险。土壤硒含量均值在寒武系下统荷塘组最高(1.31 mg/kg),奥陶系中—下统最低(0.64 mg/kg);旱地硒均值略高于水田,但差异不显著(p>0.05);硒含量均值高低变化为粗骨土>石灰岩土>水稻土>红壤。研究认为,土壤硒含量受地质背景、土壤类型和有机质等因素的影响,含石煤层黑色岩系和碳酸盐岩等富硒地层是形成富硒土壤的主要因素,小部分与矿山开采等人类活动有关。 相似文献
5.
为研究江西信丰油山地区绿色富硒土壤的分布特征,进一步指导当地耕种,提高农作物质量,通过在油山地区采集1277件表层土壤样,选取典型土壤横向和纵向剖面,研究该区土壤Se及重金属元素的地球化学特征。油山地区绿色富硒土壤主要分布于西部震旦系;横向上,沿河水流动方向,土壤中的Se、As、Cr、Ni和Cu含量逐渐降低,Se与As、Cr、Ni、Cu呈显著正相关;垂向上,土壤中的Se与重金属元素在地表富集,Se仅与As呈显著正相关;土壤Se与重金属元素来源于震旦纪坝里组黑色碳质板岩,随水共同迁移,富集于母岩近区及河流汇集区。 相似文献
6.
硒是人体必需的生命元素,开发富硒农产品是提升人体硒摄入的安全有效途径,富硒土地资源是开发富硒农产品的基础。然而,近年来全国开展的多目标地球化学调查发现,富硒土壤中重金属元素镉通常较高,不利于富硒土地开发利用,因此,研究富硒土壤区镉的地球化学特征和生态风险状况对于富硒土地开发具有重要的指导意义。文章对承德市富硒土壤区表层土壤中主要的重金属元素镉的地球化学特征及生态风险进行评价,旨在为承德市富硒土地开发利用提供科学依据。采用“七步提取法”研究了表层土壤镉的形态特征。同时,配套分析了苹果、玉米样品中的重金属元素镉的含量,以了解其生物有效性。结果显示:承德市富硒土壤区表层土壤镉在全区均较富集,在新积土和中性粗骨土、水田中显著富集。研究区圈定了4处镉轻度污染土壤,均在表层土壤镉的高值区。表层土壤镉形态平均含量大小顺序为:水溶态 < 离子交换态 < 强有机结合态 < 腐殖酸结合态 < 铁锰氧化物结合态 < 碳酸盐结合态 < 残渣态,生态风险相对较低。表层土壤镉未对苹果和玉米样品产生影响,苹果和玉米中镉均不超标。承德市富硒土壤区表层土壤镉的生态风险较低,暂不影响承德市富硒土地开发利用。 相似文献
7.
为了解皖南某典型富硒区土壤-水稻重金属生态风险状况,在该地区采集水稻籽粒样品以及对应的根系土壤样品各43件,采用单因子污染指数和综合污染指数法、危害商法及潜在生态危害指数法等,对土壤-水稻系统中重金属污染生态风险进行了评价。结果表明：水稻样品均达到富硒标准;水稻籽粒及土壤中Cd元素生态风险较高,部分稻米Cd超标。成人和儿童通过食用稻米摄入重金属的复合健康风险指数(THQ)平均值分别为0.897和1.076,说明儿童面临的健康风险高于成人,Cd是主要影响元素。研究区总体上为轻微生态风险,但部分Cd元素达到了中等和强生态风险。 相似文献
8.
江西赣南地区是典型的硒缺乏地理分布区,但近年来研究成果表明该地区稻谷富硒率高,土壤与稻谷富硒存在不一致的原因尚不明确,探讨土壤和稻谷硒含量特征和土壤硒的生物有效性,对赣南地区富硒土地资源利用和富硒农产品开发具有重要意义。本文以赣县清溪地区为研究对象,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱/发射光谱(ICP-MS/OES)等方法测定了研究区1734件表层土壤、57组稻谷及配套根系土硒等元素含量及硒形态地球化学指标;系统分析了区内土壤硒含量和分布特征、稻谷硒含量特征,探讨了根系土硒生物有效性的影响因素。结果表明:研究区表层土壤以足硒、富硒区为主,土壤硒含量与成土母岩关系密切,不同成土母岩区土壤硒含量规律为:古生代变质岩中生代花岗岩新元古代变质岩中生代陆源碎屑岩新生代第四系。根系土硒含量均未达到富硒土壤标准,稻谷富硒率为64.91%,稻谷对土壤硒的富集能力强(富集系数20.05%),当根系土硒含量≥0.25mg/kg时,水稻富硒率高达70.83%,能够稳定产出优质富硒水稻。硒的赋存形态是影响土壤硒生物有效性的主要因素,土壤总硒含量较低时,水溶态、离子可交换态、碳酸盐结合态硒的占比高,从而提升了硒的生物有效性;有机质含量低,对硒吸附能力弱,也是硒生物有效性高的重要原因。本研究认为,赣县清溪地区富硒、足硒土壤开发利用时,综合考虑土壤硒含量、土壤理化指标、硒形态对土壤硒生物有效性的影响,有利于科学指导天然富硒土地划定和富硒水稻产业开发。 相似文献
9.
洪湖市峰口—万全地区土壤重金属和硒元素的形态组成特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以洪湖市峰口—万全地区土壤为对象,研究土壤中的Cd、As、Cu、Zn、Hg、Pb和Se全量、化学形态组成及其生物有效性,对比各元素的形态特征并总结其活性规律。研究表明:该区土壤中Zn、Hg、As、Cu、Pb和Se 主要以残渣态存在,可交换态比例较低。土壤中Cd主要以可交换态存在,水溶态比例较低。对土壤中 Se形态的受控因素进行研究,发现土壤中硒受有机质、酸碱度及重金属全量等环境因素控制。这些研究结果可为该区进一步提高土壤硒的有效利用程度提供依据。 相似文献
10.
11.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
12.
Joseph Clancy White 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1993,113(4):524-532
The textural relationships and structural states of optically isotropic labradorite from the Manicouagan, Quebec, impact structure have been examined by light (optical) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy. Two distinct diaplectic glasses have been recognized based on their contrasting morphology, timing and the inferred modes of formation. The earliest isotropic bands and grain-scale isotropism (maskelynite) optically exhibit a gradational,in situ transformation from crystalline plagioclase with preservation of relict textures (twins, grain boundaries). The same transformation from crystalline to amorphous structure is observed in TEM to occur heterogeneously at scales on the order of the unit cell. The progressive transformation of optical properties reflects an increase in the volume fraction and eventual coalescence of these amorphous units. This maskelynite-type diaplectic glass is interpreted to form in the solid-state directly from crystalline material during the compressional phase of the shock wave. The other isotropic material occurs in spatially discrete tensiongashes and planar deformation features (PDFs) that overprint the maskelynite-type glass. This second type of diaplectic glass (PDF-type) is developed homogeneously within a given glass band and exhibits sharp crystal-glass boundaries, in contrast to the gradational boundaries of the maskelynite-type glass. PDF-type glass is interpreted to form by melting in tensional release zones during passage of the rarefaction wave. These observations emphasize the ability of naturally shocked rocks to preserve subtle evidence of variations in the shock process from highly transient events. 相似文献
13.
A catastrophic rockslide-debris flow in Wulong, Chongqing, China in 2009: background, characterization, and causes 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
Qiang Xu Xuanmei Fan Runqiu Huang Yueping Yin Shengshan Hou Xiujun Dong Minggao Tang 《Landslides》2010,7(1):75-87
On June 5, 2009, a catastrophic rockslide-debris flow occurred at the crest of the Jiweishan Mountain in Wulong, Chongqing,
China. Approximately five million cubic meters of limestone blocks slid along a weak interlayer of bituminous and carbonaceous
shale. The source mass descended from the upper part of the slope rapidly, crossing a 200-m wide and 50-m deep creek in front
of it. Blocked by the opposite steep creek wall, the sliding mass changed its direction and traveled a further 2.2 km along
the creek in debris-flow mode, finally forming a large accumulation zone with an average depth of 30 m. This is one of the
most catastrophic rockslide events in recent years in China. It buried 12 houses and the entrance of an iron mining tunnel
where some 27 miners were working inside. Ten people died, 64 missing, and eight wounded. Immediately after this disaster
happened, the government organized an expert team to assist the rescue work. As one of the geological experts, the author
did a lot of field investigations and collected first-hand information. Multi-methods including the remote sensing, 3D laser
scanning, geophysical exploration, and numerical modeling were used for analyzing the characteristics and the triggering mechanism
of the Wulong rockslide. The preliminary investigation results reveal that this rockslide with poor geological conditions
was mainly induced by the gravitation and the karst effect and also affected by the previous mining activities. The research
in this paper is meaningful and useful for further research on such kind of rockslides that are geologically similar to the
Wulong rockslide. 相似文献
14.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
15.
Xiaoyu ZHAO Wuyi WANG Hairong LI Fujian FENG Lizhen WANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):80-81
Brick-tea-type fluorosis is a peculiar endemic disease in China, which had been discovered in minority areas of western China since 1980, and distributed mainly in Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai and parts of Sichuan Province. The prevalence rate of fluorosis in Tibetan and Mongolian nationality people was higher. Epidemiological investigation showed that fluorosis morbidity and degrees were different in different brick-tea drinking areas, and it was probably caused by drinking various kinds of brick tea from different regions. Therefore, we collected 33 samples of brick tea from six provinces where minority nationalities were accustomed to drinking a large quantity of brick tea. F concentrations were determined by the combustion hydrolysis-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that among the brick teas, the F concentrations ranged from the minimum 74.1 mg/kg in Yunnan Province to the maximum 991.2 mg/kg in Sichuan Province. Besides, there was a great difference among the various kinds of brick tea, and F concentrations decreased in the order of Kang brick tea, Green brick tea, Black brick tea, Mi brick tea, Fu brick tea, Chitsu ping tea, Puerh tea, and Tuo tea. The average F concentration in brick teas was 431.92 mg/kg. 相似文献
16.
L. I. Mashonkina A. B. Vinogradova D. A. Ptitsyn V. S. Khokhlova T. A. Chernetsova 《Astronomy Reports》2007,51(11):903-919
We derived Sr, Y, Zr, and Ce abundances for a sample of 74 cool dwarfs and subgiants with iron abundances, [Fe/H], between 0.25 and ?2.43. These estimates were obtained using synthetic spectra, assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) for Y, Zr, and Ce, allowing for non-LTE conditions for Sr. We used high-resolution (λ/Δλ?40 000 and 60 000) spectra with signal-to-noise ratios between 50 and 200. We find that the Zr/Y, Sr/Y, and Sr/Zr ratios for the halo stars are the same in a wide metallicity range (?2.43 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ ?0.90), within the errors, indicating a common origin for these elements at the epoch of halo formation. The Zr/Y ratios for thick-disk stars quickly decrease with increasing Ba abundance, indicating a lower rate of production of Zr compared to Y during active thick-disk formation. The thick-disk and halo stars display an increase in the [Zr/Ba] ratio with decreasing Ba abundance and a correlation of the Zr and Eu overabundances relative to Ba. The evolutionary behavior of the abundance ratios found for the thick-disk and halo stars does not agree with current models for the Galaxy’s chemical evolution. The abundance ratios of Y and Zr to Fe and Ba for thin-disk stars, as well as the abundance ratios within each group, are, on average, solar, though we note a slight decrease of Zr/Ba and Zr/Y with increasing Ba abundance. These results provide evidence for a dominance of asymptotic-giant-branch stars in the enrichment of the interstellar medium in heavy elements during the thin-disk epoch, in agreement with the predictions of the nucleosynthesis theory for the main s-process component. 相似文献
17.
Arsenic concentrations of less than 5 ppb to as large as 1,260 ppb in stream waters and from 5 ppm to 4,000 ppm in stream
sediments were found in the Pedro Dome-Cleary Summit area, Alaska. Waters from three of 20 wells sampled had arsenic concentrations
exceeding the U.S. Public Health Service recommended limit of 50 ppb. The high arsenic levels are a consequence of arsenic
enrichment in the rocks of the area. Placer and lode-gold mining may increase the arsenic content of the waters by exposing
arsenic-containing rocks to surface waters and by increasing the load of arsenic-rich sediments in the streams. Finding these
disturbingly large concentrations of arsenic in the waters of the Fairbanks area was the major result of this work, inasmuch
as a subsequent study (to be published) revealed arsenic concentrations as large as 10 ppm in domestic wells and prompted
an extensive study by Federal and State agencies of the health hazard posed by these arsenic-rich waters. 相似文献
18.
19.
Natural Hazards - Despite the application of various methods to calculate uncertainty in flood vulnerability assessments, the challenge of uncertainty remains. The main purpose of this study was to... 相似文献
20.
《《地质学报》英文版》2019,(Z1)
正Over four years ago,a group of investigators came together to determine if Big Data approaches (specifically data mining,machine learning and analytics in general) might provide insight into some of the grand challenges in Earth's history:evolution of minerals,rise of oxygen,life,influence of super continental cycles,quantifying the magnitude of extinction events,and more.As a result,the team of mineralogists,petrologists,geochemists, 相似文献