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1.
松辽盆地基底浅变质岩的有机地球化学特征 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
松辽盆地基底石炭-二叠系地层处于浅变质阶段.岩石有机地球化学分析表明,有机碳含量 0.05%～ 2.08%,氯仿沥青" A"含量 0.000 3%～ 0.002 9%, MAB抽提物含量 0.001 2%～ 0.002 8%, H/C摩尔比 0.10～ 0.52, Ro范围 2.98%～ 4.16%.随成熟度的增加,可溶有机质含量以及干酪根 H/C摩尔比降低.按岩石抽提物的正构烷烃分布和生物标志化合物的分布可把样品分为两类,第一类样品中正构烷烃分布呈偶碳优势,伽马蜡烷丰度高、 C28甾烷丰度高,反映高盐度环境菌、藻有机质的贡献;第二类样品中正构烷烃分布呈奇碳优势,伽马蜡烷丰度低、 C29甾烷丰度高,反映陆源植物为主要生源的沉积特征. 相似文献
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塔里木盆地满加尔油气系统下古生界油源油中蜡质烃来源的成因分析 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17
部分从满加尔坳陷生成的油具有中-高蜡含量。据油的蜡含量的分布、细菌和藻类中生物标志物的分析以及模拟实验的结果，认为来自满加尔坳陷南北隆起带上下古生代的油中的高蜡含量主要和该下古生代中的藻类、蓝绿藻和细菌有关。丰富的来自蓝绿藻和细菌的长链类异戊二烯烷烃（ｉＣ２１～ｉＣ４５）和藿烷类在油和抽提物中也被发现了。在近代浮游生物蓝绿藻的热解产物中也存在高碳数的正构烷烃。丰富的蜡质烃也可能是由于运移过程地质色层效应引起的。 相似文献
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各类生物标志物的组成特征表明:柴达木盆地北缘的冷湖油田原油具有姥植比高（Pr/Ph>2.0）,重排甾烷（C27重排甾烷/规则甾烷=0.5~0.7）、重排藿烷（diaC30H/C30H=0.2~0.4）和新藿烷（C29Ts/C29H=0.4~0.7）含量中等,伽马蜡烷含量低（伽马蜡烷指数<0.05）的特征,它们源于该地区发育的下侏罗统淡水湖沼相烃源岩;而柴西北区咸水湖相原油的姥植比低（Pr/Ph<0.8）,重排甾烷（C27重排甾烷/规则甾烷<0.1）、重排藿烷（diaC30H/C30H<0.05）和新藿烷（C29Ts/C29H=0.2~0.4）含量低和伽马蜡烷含量高（伽马蜡烷指数=0.4~0.8）,这一系列特征与柴西地区发育的古近系-新近系咸水湖相烃源岩一致。但是,东坪地区原油呈现完全不同的生物标志物组合,主要表现为丰富的伽马蜡烷（伽马蜡烷指数=1.2~3.0）与高含量的新藿烷（C29Ts/C29H>1.5）、重排藿烷（diaC30H/C30H>0.7）和重排甾烷（C27重排甾烷/规则甾烷>0.4）并存,这与地质样品中伽马蜡烷和重排类标志物的分布特征相矛盾,因为依据现有的认识无法解释这一特殊地球化学现象。生物标志物组成特征表明东坪地区原油所具有的特殊生物标志物组合并非源于不同类型原油之间的混合,而是一种客观存在,尽管其确切的地球化学意义和形成条件目前并不清楚。由此可见,东坪地区原油为柴达木盆地一个新的原油类型,推测其烃源岩可能形成于偏酸性的咸水环境。 相似文献
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本文用与相色谱法鉴定了昆明盆地晚新生代沉积物中干酪根热解产物,干酪根的热解色谱表明,热解产物的主要成分为正烷烃、正烯烃、类异戌二烯烷烃、类异戌二烯烯烃和烷基苯等。Ⅰ型干酪根的热解产物主要是正烷烃、正烯烃,而在Ⅲ型干酪根热解产物中,烷基苯、姥鲛烯-1和姥鲛烯-2很丰富,通过研究不同类型干酪根的热解产物组成特征表明,热解-色谱法为研究沉积有机质的成熟度、有机质类型和沉积环境,提供了重要信息。 相似文献
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通过对鄂尔多斯盆地盐池-定边地区长7段烃源岩的分析,研究区长7段烃源岩有机碳平均含量为3.22%,生烃潜量均值为12.8 mg/g,氯仿沥青“A”均值为0.55%,可以划分为较好-好的烃源岩,具有良好的生烃潜力。利用有机岩石学分析、热解分析,并结合饱和烃生物标志物分析,发现研究区长7段烃源岩有机质类型以Ⅱ1型和Ⅱ2型为主,有机质以菌藻类生源为主,并伴有部分高等植物生源。烃源岩有机质成熟度Ro值介于0.42%~0.76%之间,并且热解Tmax也主要集中在440~455 ℃之间,并且正构烷烃分布特征及甾、藿烷异构化参数说明烃源岩有机质处于低熟-成熟度阶段。根据饱和烃中甾藿烷参数、三环萜烷参数、伽马蜡烷指数、β-胡萝卜烷相对含量以及姥植比参数特征,研究区长7段烃源岩沉积环境为湖相淡水弱氧化-弱还原环境。 相似文献
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黄骅坳陷齐家务地区的油源对比 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
黄骅坳陷齐家务地区储油层主要为下第三系沙河街组沙一下段白云质灰岩。该区原油具有高密度、高粘度、高含硫量、中低凝固点、高初馏点和高胶质和沥青质含量等物理性质。在地球化学特征上,高碳数正构烷烃具有明显的奇偶优势,类异戊二稀烷烃具有植烷优势,甾烷组成具有明显的C27ααα甾烷优势,沙一段泥页岩的三环萜烷不发育、伽马蜡烷比较发育。这些地球化学特征表明该区原油为未熟-低熟油。分析原油和沙一段泥页岩的伽马蜡烷/C30藿烷与C29降藿烷/C30藿烷的关系以及伽马蜡烷/C30藿烷与Pr/Ph之间的关系,并结合地球化学特征,认为齐家务地区的烃源岩主要是沙一下段的泥页岩。 相似文献
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生物标志物组合与苏北金湖凹陷阜二段（Ef2）沉积环境研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
阜二段生油岩可以分为两类:一类以具有正构完烃的偶碳优势为特征,伴随有强烈的植烷优势,以及高丰度的β-胡萝卜烷、伽玛蜡烷和脱羟基维生素E,显示出强还原条件下半咸水介质的沉积特征;另一类则具有正构烷烃奇碳优势,植烷优势不明显,且β-胡萝卜烷和伽玛蜡烷含量很低,未检测出脱羟基维生素E系列的标志物,属于水体还原程度和(或)含盐度较低条件下的一种产物。 相似文献
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藏北高原海陆相油页岩生物标志化合物对比研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
重点报道了藏北高原双湖地区早侏罗世海相油页岩和可可西里地区中新世陆相油页岩生物标志化合物组合差异.在两套油页岩中均检出丰富的正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、萜类化合物及甾类化合物,但二者生物标志化合物组合明显不同.这种不同是在有机质演化程度差异的基础上,主要由原始生物输入和沉积环境差异造成的.海相油页岩正构烷烃具有低碳数优势, nC15、nC16或 nC17为主峰碳,无明显的奇偶碳数分布, Pr/Ph比值显示,多数海相油页岩具有姥鲛烷优势,缺乏β-胡萝卜烷,伽马蜡烷含量较低,海相油页岩原始有机母质构成中,既有丰富的菌藻类等低等水生生物,还有一定比例的陆生高等植物混合输入的特点,属贫氧-缺氧、弱氧化-弱还原沉积环境,进一步证明了早托尔期这种富碳缺氧黑色油页岩是一次全球性海平面上升事件的产物.陆相油页岩正构烷烃具有高碳数优势,主峰碳数为 nC23或 nC29,奇碳数优势突出, Pr/Ph比值显示,陆相油页岩具有强烈植烷优势,β-胡萝卜烷含量相对较高,伽马蜡烷 /αβ C30霍烷比值为 0.31～ 0.60,陆相油页岩原始有机母质构成中,既有高含量的高等陆生植物,还有一定数量低等水生生物混合输入,且在剖面序列中有由早期 C3型陆生高等植物向晚期 C4型转变,特别是剖面顶部油页岩中具有丛粒藻 Botryococus输入的特点,从而导致罕见的重δ13C异常,属缺氧、强还原湖泊沉积环境,反映了晚中新世湖泊演化历史中生态系统的转型和更新这一重要事件.古湖泊演化早期具有水体盐度分层,以出现高含量的β-胡萝卜烷和伽马蜡烷为标志,为咸水湖,晚期湖平面上升,湖泊水体盐度逐渐降低. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献