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1.
贵州织金磷矿岩稀土元素地球化学特征研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
贵州织金戈仲伍剖面戈仲伍组磷质岩主要为生物碎屑白云质、硅质磷块岩，普遍形成生物碎屑结构，以小壳类动物化石及藻类化石为主。采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱仪(ICP-MS)对戈仲伍组磷质岩样品的稀土元素含量进行测定分析，结果表明：磷质岩中普遍富集稀土元素，含稀土总量EREE较高，尤其富集Y重稀土元素；磷质岩具Ce负异常，指示环境处于氧化程度相对较高状态；稀土元素北美页岩标准化模式曲线为帽状形态，指示在磷质岩形成过程中有生物或有机质参与作用；磷质岩普遍具Eu正异常、稀土总量较高、∑LREE／∑HREE比值较高的特征，暗示戈仲伍组磷矿具有正常海相沉积伴有海相热水沉积混合成因的特征。 相似文献
2.
磷块岩中通常伴生有稀土元素富集,是一种潜在、具有很高开发利用价值的稀土资源。我国磷块岩型稀土矿分布广、稀土含量高、具有综合回收价值,是仅次于独立稀土矿床的伴生稀土资源。通过统计全球及中国磷矿时空分布规律,总结中国典型磷块岩型稀土矿床的矿床成因、地质背景、沉积环境、岩石组合、REE地球化学特征。在此基础上,结合P_2O_5与ΣREE、δCe、δEu、MREE/ΣREE和MREE/LREE在各时代之间的对比及耦合关系,讨论各时代稀土配分模式,讨论磷块岩中稀土富集机制与控制因素问题,讨论中国典型磷块岩型稀土矿资源储量。同时总结国内对磷块岩中稀土高效、环保的提取技术,对工业化开发利用磷块岩中稀土资源具有良好的可行性。因此,从磷矿中提炼稀土资源可以获得很好的社会价值和经济效益,能有效缓解我国南方离子吸附型稀土开采带来的环境污染、生态破坏,为日益枯竭稀土资源提供新的资源途径。 相似文献
3.
小米戛磷矿是云南曲靖沾益地区新发现的矿床。本文对该矿床渔户村组磷块岩的主量、微量和稀土元素地球化学特征进行研究,探讨沾益渔户村组磷块岩的成磷环境和成磷物质来源。研究表明小米戛磷矿磷块岩富SiO_2(28.50%～51.47%)、CaO(20.21%～34.31%)、P_2O_5(15.48%～25.42%)。磷块岩中Ba、Sr、Cu、Pb、Zn、V、Mo等元素富集,显示生物聚磷作用。磷块岩的Sr/Ba=0.10～1.40,U/Th比值大于1(1.35～4.15),表明磷块岩的形成可能有热液活动的参与。磷块岩稀土元素总量较高(148.84×10~(-6)～232.16×10~(-6)),经北美页岩标准化的稀土配分模式曲线近水平,但LREE/HREE=2.96～5.37,显示一定程度的轻稀土元素富集,进一步暗示磷矿的形成受热水沉积成矿作用与生物成矿作用共同控制。磷块岩中U元素高度富集(富集系数平均值8.84),V/Cr=1.08～3.01(平均值为2.12),Ce_(anom)=-0.50～-0.35,介于-0.5与-0.1之间,表明磷块岩形成于次氧化环境。综上所述,在早寒武世渔户村期的潮坪-泻湖环境,磷质沉积物发生胶结作用形成初始磷矿层;后期生物繁盛,生物遗体中所含的磷被大量地分解,不同深度的大量含磷物质伴随上升洋流进一步改造初始磷矿层,最终成矿。 相似文献
4.
富稀土磷酸盐及其在深海成矿作用中的贡献 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国最近几年对中北太平洋海域开展了系统调查,在中太平洋海盆新发现了稀土含量高达2000×10~(-6)的富稀土泥。深海泥样品稀土与各主要氧化物相关图解中,∑REY与P_2O_5含量始终保持良好的相关性。在太平洋各沉积物柱状样中,∑REY随着P2O5变化非常敏感。如果将P_2O_5含量高于0.25%的样品剔除,深海泥的∑REY不高于400×10~(-6),指示了磷对稀土元素的控制。海洋磷酸盐能够继承海水的负Ce异常及高Y/Ho比值特征,深海泥样品具有相似特征,且表现为稀土含量越高,其稀土配分模式越接近磷酸盐。酸淋滤实验显示,滤液中萃取出大部分的P及∑REY,且∑REY与P含量具有良好的正相关关系。无论∑REY高低,滤液稀土配分均呈现出显著的负Ce异常;而难溶残留物的∑REY普遍较低,且无负Ce异常特征。根据12组滤液中PO_4~(3-)与∑REY,估算出深海泥中的磷酸盐具有的∑REY含量范围为9495×10~(-6)~28287×10~(-6),这与深海泥中生物磷灰石的稀土含量和稀土模式均吻合。综上所述,我们认为深海泥中的磷酸盐主要以富稀土磷酸盐的形式存在,其稀土含量远高于深海泥中的铁锰氧化物和铝硅酸,因此磷含量的变化对于深海泥的稀土含量和模式影响至关重要。相较于碳酸盐沉积环境下容易形成贫稀土的磷块岩,深海环境下的化学沉积以及有机P的成岩作用容易形成富稀土磷酸盐。 相似文献
5.
太平洋深海沉积物富含稀土元素(∑REY,REE+Y),稀土含量达到或超过中国南方离子吸附型稀土矿品位。富稀土沉积物类型主要为远洋黏土和(含)沸石黏土。为了解富稀土元素深海沉积物的物质来源及其对稀土富集机制的影响,本文对中、西太平洋远洋黏土和(含)沸石黏土分别进行了全岩和黏土组分(2μm)的元素地球化学、Nd同位素及黏土矿物研究。结果表明,沸石黏土的∑REY最高,远洋黏土次之;全岩及黏土组分的∑REY与P_2O_5显示较好的正相关关系,且P_2O_(5全岩)/P_2O_(5黏土)和∑REY_(全岩)/∑REY_(黏土)正相关,说明不同类型沉积物黏土组分及全岩的稀土元素均主要由磷酸盐贡献;沉积物全岩ε_(Nd)值为-5.20～-6.02,表明其中的Nd来自火山源、陆源和自生源物质的混合源区;西太平洋含高REY的沸石黏土较中太平洋同类型沉积物具有较低的ε_(Nd)值,表明火山物质并不是沉积物中稀土元素富集的重要物源,但沸石含量对沉积物中稀土元素含量的高低具有一定指示意义;沉积物ε_(Nd)值接近海水ε_(Nd)值,表明稀土元素更多的直接来自于海水,但是成岩过程中可能受到其他物源或过程的影响。通过对比全岩及黏土组分的稀土元素特征,认为黏土矿物一定程度上可能承担了沉积物中稀土元素过渡载体相的作用。 相似文献
6.
陕西省宁强县宽川铺磷块岩稀土矿特征初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《陕西地质》2020,(1)
宽川铺磷矿为一低品位磷矿床,赋矿层位为寒武系牛蹄塘组第二岩性段第二岩性层。磷矿体主要分布在选将坪一带,选将坪以西为泥质及硅质鳞块岩,矿体平均厚1.77m,P_2O_5品位11.03%～21.03%;选将坪东段为灰质磷块岩,矿层平均1.23m,P_2O_5品位9.23%～15.5%。该磷矿富含稀土,选将坪以西泥质及硅质磷块岩伴生稀土(∑REE)平均品位为953.68×10~(﹣6);选将坪以东灰质磷块岩偶夹硅泥质磷块岩,伴生稀土(∑REE)平均品位为869.32×10~(﹣6)。伴生稀土重稀土大于轻稀土,重稀土占稀土总量50%以上;以重稀土的钇(Y)为主,钇(Y)含量占稀土总量最高达48%。稀土与P_2O_5呈正相关关系;该矿磷块岩类型为泥质磷块岩、硅质磷块岩、灰质磷块岩,其中泥质磷块岩中稀土含量较高;对硅质磷块岩进行X衍射,发现其主要为石英和少量氟磷灰石。 相似文献
7.
云南昆阳磷矿黑色页岩微量元素特征及其地质意义 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
昆阳磷矿是我国下寒武统黑色页岩中赋存的最大的磷块岩矿床。为了探讨磷块岩及上覆黑色页岩的源区性质及古海洋的氧化还原环境,本文对梅树村组中谊村段的磷块岩、石岩头段的黑色页岩以及筇竹寺组玉案山段的砂质黑色页岩的地层剖面进行了岩石地球化学研究。发现昆阳剖面磷矿区的下寒武统黑色页岩Th-Zr和Th-Y/Ho比值以及Y-Y/Ho比值与陆源碎屑物质更为接近,石岩头段黑色页岩样品的稀土元素总量平均为174×10-6,与大陆壳稀土总量的平均丰度基本一致。稀土配分模式也十分类似,说明陆源碎屑物质来源比海水自生来源占的比重更大。受陆源碎屑物质的影响,Ni/Co,V/Cr和V/（V+Ni）等氧化还原敏感元素比值并不能很好的指示古海洋的沉积环境。但石岩头段黑色页岩的氧化还原敏感元素相对大陆壳具有一定程度的富集,并且富集程度不强烈,Ce具有轻微的负异常,反映了黑色页岩可能形成于次氧化环境。 相似文献
8.
贵州织金磷矿岩元素地球化学特征 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱仪(ICP-MS)对贵州织金戈仲伍剖面戈仲伍组磷矿岩样品的微量、稀土元素含量进行了测定。戈仲伍组磷矿岩主要为生物碎屑白云岩、硅质磷块岩,普遍形成生物碎屑结构,以小壳类动物化石及藻类化石为主。分析结果表明,磷矿岩中As、Sb等微量元素富集,Co/Ni的比值为0.14,明显小于1;U/Th比值介于1.27~7.39之间,平均值为3.40;在lgw(U)-lgw(Th)关系图、Cr-Zr的关系图中样品点几乎都落在热水沉积区,表现出热水沉积成因的地球化学特征。磷矿岩中普遍富集稀土元素,含稀土总量∑REE较高,尤其富集Y重稀土元素;磷矿岩具Ce负异常,指示环境处于氧化程度相对较高状态;稀土元素北美页岩标准化模式曲线为帽状形态,指示在磷矿岩形成过程中有生物或有机质参与作用;磷矿岩普遍具Eu正异常、稀土总量较高、∑LREE/∑HREE比值较高的特征,暗示戈仲伍组磷矿岩具有正常海相沉积伴有海相热水沉积混合成因的特征。 相似文献
9.
贵州织金磷块岩型稀土矿含矿岩系REE地球化学特征与稀土富集 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贵州织金下寒武统戈仲武组(?1gz)磷矿富集大量稀土,但是磷块岩中REE富集机制问题尚不清楚。本文对贵州织金不同稀土含量区间(262×10~(-6)、262×10~(-6)～527×10~(-6)、527×10~(-6)～761×10~(-6)、761×10~(-6))的磷块岩的研究表明,磷块岩的稀土配分均显示出Ce负异常、Eu无明显异常、MREE富集以及富集重稀土元素Y的特征。(La/Sm)N-δCe及δPr-δCe图解显示织金磷块岩Ce异常为真实的Ce异常,代表磷块岩形成在氧化环境。但当时海水的氧化环境并不是控制MREE富集的决定因素。(La/Sm)N-SmN、(Gd/Yb)N-YbN散点图显示MREE富集是稀土在富集过程中稀土发生分异的结果。(Dy/Sm)N-δEu散点图以及Eu无明显异常说明织金磷块岩形成过程中可能无热水作用的参与。地史时期"老磷块岩"普遍存在重稀土亏损的特征。 相似文献
10.
《矿物学报》2017,(4)
贵州织金—清镇一带寒武系底部发育以生物碎屑磷块岩为主的含磷建造,由于其富含稀土而闻名中外。通过对黔中地区10多条含磷岩系剖面的沉积学研究,发现其具有复杂的沉积结构构造,包括角砾状磷块岩、生物磷块岩、生物碎屑磷块岩、透镜状磷块岩、交错层理磷块岩、条带状磷块岩、纹层状磷块岩等。沉积相分析结果表明,清镇一带处于潮下低能环境,沉积条带状磷块岩为主。织金毛碑冲至戈仲伍一带为潮间-潮下高能潮道环境,沉积角砾状磷块岩为主。织金熊家场至习水大岩一线,处于潮上带沉积环境,织金水淹塘至纳雍一带为潮后潟湖低能环境,沉积白云岩和磷质白云岩为主。认为富磷洋流沿毛碑冲一带潮汐水道,涌入织金戈仲伍—兴联一带,大量的磷质在障壁后海湾沉积形成磷块岩。磷块岩的沉积中心位于织金戈仲伍—兴联一带,主要成磷环境为潮间-潮下高能环境。基于含磷岩系的区域沉积特征分析,恢复了成磷期古地理,编制了P2O5含量等值线图,圈定了富磷区域,并分析成磷控制因素。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
13.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
15.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
16.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献