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铌是一种战略金属,在现代钢铁技术中发挥着非常重要的作用。某铌-稀土矿矿石中的Nb_2O_5平均含量达0.0855%,稀土总量(REO)含量达1.03%,接近铌矿最低工业品位要求,并伴生有稀土矿,因此查明铌和稀土的赋存状态至关重要。由于铌矿物、稀土矿物具有颗粒细小且嵌布特征复杂的特点,在偏光显微镜下不容易发现,而且定名困难,很难达到研究目的,一直是地质分析测试的难点。为查明铌和稀土元素的存在形式以及铌、稀土元素的赋存矿物,本文应用电子探针背散射图像、能谱分析及电子探针波谱定量分析技术对某铌、稀土矿矿石进行分析,主要研究铌矿物和稀土矿物的种类、嵌布关系及化学成分等特征,更准确地分析铌和稀土元素的赋存状态。结果表明:(1)铌元素主要以铌铁矿、含铌金红石的形式存在,其中铌铁矿中Nb_2O_5的平均含量为78.26%,含铌金红石中Nb_2O_5的平均含量为5.26%。(2)稀土元素主要以独居石、氟碳钙铈矿和氟碳铈矿的形式存在,其中独居石中稀土总量(REO)的平均含量为64.84%,氟碳钙铈矿中稀土总量(REO)的平均含量为57.52%,氟碳铈矿中稀土总量(REO)的平均含量为70.61%。(3)铌矿物、稀土矿物分布分散,多包裹于钾长石、方解石及黑云母等脉石矿物中。本研究实现了常规岩矿鉴定手段难以完成的矿物识别和鉴定,查明该矿床矿石中主要的铌矿物和稀土矿物的种类及特征,为后续铌-稀土矿的综合利用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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黔西北地区宣威组底部普遍发育沉积型稀土矿,其品位高,厚度大,呈层状分布,发育稳定,且伴生铌、钪、钛等金属矿产,具有巨大的找矿潜力。针对该沉积型稀土的研究,多针对其成矿规律和成矿机制,极少涉及稀土元素的赋存状态。本文以黔西北威宁县麻乍地区沉积型稀土矿为研究对象,采用XRF分析、ICP-MS分析、X射线衍射分析,扫描电镜和能谱分析、电子探针分析、物相分析等手段,研究了元素组成、矿物组成及稀土元素的赋存状态。研究表明,稀土矿石主要由Al、Si、Fe、K、Ti组成,其稀土总量(REO)为1064×10-6～14106×10-6,呈轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的特征;矿石中矿物可分为硅酸盐矿物(主要为高岭石、伊利石)、金属氧化矿物(主要为褐铁矿、锐钛矿、金红石等)、碳酸盐矿物以及稀土矿物。稀土元素以纳米级独立矿物形态存在,根据其成分推测为磷铝铈矿、方铈矿,同时稀土元素也可能以类质同象赋存于黏土矿物中,离子吸附态很少。 相似文献
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四川昌北M稀土矿若干问题的探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
昌北稀土矿是我国不久前在西南地区发现的一个典型轻稀土矿床,笔者在野外与室内对该稀土矿作了大量的考查,对以下五个问题提出了初步认识与讨论:1.稀土矿物种属及稀土元素的赋存状态;2.矿石类型的划分;3.稀土矿的成矿阶段:4.“碳酸岩”的成因;5.矿石边界与工业品位的确定.我们认为昌北稀土矿是一个新的值得进一步研究的大型稀土矿. 相似文献
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辽宁省已知的稀土矿类型较少，以往稀土矿床的勘查评价偏重于独居石砂矿和碱性岩型稀土矿，沉积变质型稀土矿涉及较少，其矿石学、矿物学研究程度偏低。本文以吉祥峪稀土矿床为研究对象，应用自动矿物识别和表征系统(AMICS)，结合高分辨率扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和高通量能谱仪(EDS)对矿石进行分析，获得吉祥峪稀土矿石中矿物化学成分、元素赋存状态及矿物共生组合关系。结果表明，矿石中稀土元素以La、Ce、Pr、Nd等轻稀土元素为主；主要稀土矿物为独居石(0.73%)、褐帘石(6.25%)、方铈石(0.25%)和磷灰石(类质同象)等；通过背散射图像结合光学显微镜观察得出矿石中的褐帘石、独居石、方铈石及磷灰石等具有较好的连生关系，这些矿物以单颗粒或聚粒结构与磁铁矿交叉镶嵌，或分布在磁铁矿边缘及间隙中。矿石中稀土矿物与磁铁矿密切共生，含量呈正相关，其原因可能为：(1)沉积富集。吉祥峪稀土矿位于辽吉裂谷的核部，裂谷为矿床提供了有利的沉积环境。(2)岩浆改造。岩浆热液可能与里尔峪一段变粒岩产生反应，使其中的稀土和铁元素集聚。(3)构造控制。吉祥峪稀土矿位于吉祥峪—算盘峪背斜核部穹隆之上，构造发育，断裂带和褶皱... 相似文献
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本研究采用化学浸取、化学物相、光谱物相、电子探针、扫描电镜和数理统计等方法查明,某碳硅泥岩型铀矿床矿石中的银以自然银独立矿物显微包裹体形式赋存于方铅矿中。根据该铀矿床研究资料,确定矿石中的自然银、含银方铅矿是在300～100℃温度区间,距今65.0～30.7Ma期间形成的。 相似文献
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对贵州省织金地区低磷层磷块岩型稀土矿石进行XRF、ICP、SEM/EDS、FIB-SEM分析。矿石中P2O5含量为9.97%、稀土总量为899.52μg/g,稀土以钇和镧、铈、钕为主。稀土元素赋存状态研究表明,稀土元素以类质同象形式赋存在胶磷矿中。采用浮选机反浮选方法进行选矿工艺研究。实验筛选出NECP6号为捕收剂,对捕收剂种类、用量、磨矿时间、硫酸用量和磷酸用量等浮选工艺条件进行了实验研究,结果表明:当NECP6号捕收剂用量为2.8 kg/t,磨矿时间25 min,硫酸用量为6.5 kg/t,磷酸用量为24 kg/t,浮选5 min情况下浮选效果最好,实验样品经一粗一精选别,精矿品位从原矿品位10.64%提升到20.58%,回收率81.30%,尾矿品位降至3.69%,浮选效果较好。 相似文献
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电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定稀土矿石中15种稀土元素——四种前处理方法的比较 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
稀土元素在矿石中有多种不同的赋存形式,主要有离子吸附型和矿物晶格型,稀土不同赋存形态对其本身准确分析测定有很大的影响。本文从稀土元素在矿石中不同赋存形态的角度出发,探讨了不同前处理方法对稀土准确测试结果的影响,采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸(四酸)敞开酸溶、盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸-硫酸(五酸)敞开酸溶、氢氟酸-硝酸封闭压力酸溶、氢氧化钠-过氧化钠碱熔四种方法对离子吸附型和矿物晶格型两类赋存类型的稀土矿石样品进行前处理,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定其中的15种稀土元素。结果表明:对于离子吸附型的稀土矿石标准物质(GBW 07161、GBW 07188),四酸敞开酸溶法测定的结果明显偏低,15种稀土元素大都偏低10%~20%,五酸敞开酸溶法、封闭压力酸溶法和碱熔法的测定值与标准值吻合;而对于稀土以离子化合物及类质同象置换的形式赋存于矿物晶格中的白云鄂博轻稀土矿石样品,三种酸溶法结果较碱熔法均偏低,其中四酸敞开酸溶法偏低最多,约偏低20%左右,五酸敞开酸溶法和封闭压力酸溶法偏低5%~15%。本文提出,对于离子吸附型稀土矿,五酸敞开酸溶法和封闭压力酸溶法可以代替传统操作复杂的碱熔法,但对于稀土以离子形式赋存于矿物晶格型的稀土矿,目前最合适的前处理法是传统的碱熔法。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献