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四川北川埃洛石矿物学特征及工业利用前景 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文对四川北川埃洛石的矿物学特征进行研究表明，埃洛石呈管状，其ＴＦｅ２Ｏ３，ＴｉＯ２，ＭｎＯ等杂质含量低，其化学成分接近理论值，ＸＲＤ，ＩＲ，ＤＴＡ等分析均表明其为埃洛石矿物。对埃洛石的主要工艺性能测试研究表明，北川埃洛石型粘土具有优良的工艺性能，应用前景广阔。 相似文献
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采集山西临汾、四川广元、湖北丹江口等地管状埃洛石,通过人工手选提纯,利用X射线衍射、同步热分析、透射电镜、原子力显微镜、氮气等温吸附脱附、酸碱滴定、CHN元素分析等表征手段研究管状埃洛石的晶体结构、热稳定性、孔结构性质、表面位密度等微结构性质,并以8-羟基喹啉为客体分子,探讨埃洛石的微结构对其负载活性的制约机理。结果表明,山西埃洛石具有最丰富的孔结构,比表面积为72.48 m2/g,总孔容积为0.38 cm3/g;而湖北埃洛石的孔结构则最差;山西埃洛石、四川埃洛石、湖北埃洛石的零电荷点p H分别为2.99、3.13、4.72,表面位密度分别为10.4 nm-2、10.0 nm-2和11.3 nm-2。山西埃洛石、四川埃洛石、湖北埃洛石对8-羟基喹啉的负载量分别为7.35%,6.20%,6.02%,这与埃洛石的孔结构和零电荷点p H顺序一致。因此,埃洛石的孔结构和表面羟基含量共同决定埃洛石的负载活性。 相似文献
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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2020,(2)
为研究不同产地埃洛石对阴、阳离子型染料的吸附性能差异,以产自山西临汾、四川广元、湖北丹江口的天然管状埃洛石作为阳离子型染料亚甲基蓝,以及有机硅烷接枝改性的湖北埃洛石作为阴离子型染料酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附剂进行实验研究。结果表明,天然埃洛石带有负电荷,适合作为阳离子型染料亚甲基蓝的吸附剂,其最大吸附量约为90 mg/g,吸附符合准二级动力学模型。埃洛石的微结构(零电荷点pH、表面位密度、孔结构等)对其吸附性能产生直接制约作用。有机硅烷接枝改性将埃洛石表面电荷调控为正电荷,将其开发为阴离子型染料酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附剂(需调节溶液pH=2),其最大吸附量为80 mg/g。 相似文献
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埃洛石是一种天然的管状粘土矿物,在环境治理方面有广泛的应用。室温条件下通过钛酸丁脂的水解反应在埃洛石上负载了TiO_2。分别在避光条件和紫外光照射下,通过亚甲基蓝溶液的降解研究了埃洛石和负载TiO_2埃洛石的吸附和光催化性能。通过亚甲基蓝被吸附和降解的量,评价了样品的吸附和光催化性能。由于复合了吸附和光催化性能,负载TiO_2埃洛石能迅速降解水中的有机污染物——亚甲基蓝,其降解速度要快于纯埃洛石,因为纯埃洛石只有吸附性能。这是埃洛石应用研究方面的一次新尝试。该研究对大气和水体中各种污染物的去除和降解必然有积极的指… 相似文献
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天然金刚石孪晶的X射线衍射与形貌研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本文利用X射线衍射和形貌术方法研究了辽南天然金刚石孪晶体。发现晶体中存在有孪晶界、位错、生长带和亚结构等多种缺陷。文中对部分位错进行了详细讨论,并确定其特征量;同时还分析各种缺陷的空间分布特点及其与孪晶界面的关系。 相似文献
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湖南辰溪仙人湾埃洛石型高岭土的矿物学特征与成因简析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用化学成分分析、X射线衍射、红外吸收光谱、差热-热重分析以及扫描电镜等研究手段，着重研究了湖南辰溪仙人湾高岭土矿的矿物学特征，并结合矿床的地质成矿特征讨论了其成因机制。研究表明，该矿床除有极少量碎屑状石英以及附着于埃洛石外表面的凝胶成因石英外，以10A埃洛石为主，部分为7A埃洛石；埃洛石为形态完整的管状晶体，管长一般为1．0-1．5μm，外径一般0．05-0．1μm。认为该矿床为古岩溶洞穴胶体沉积型埃洛石矿床。 相似文献
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基于吸附等温线的表面分形研究及其地球科学应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
矿物岩石的表面微形貌和孔隙结构是影响其地球化学行为的关键因素，从纳米尺度上表征这一特征对地球化学动力学研究和材料研发有着重要的意义。重点介绍了基于吸附等温线的分形研究方法，以表征纳米尺度上矿物或岩石表面的不规则性和微孔隙结构。从该方法的物理化学原理出发，对比分析了其适用范围和样品限制。在综合当前煤岩学、土壤学、材料学等领域的应用研究成果的基础上，提出了该分形研究方法在地球科学研究中的应用前景和发展趋势。 相似文献
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湖南辰溪仙人湾高岭土矿床是新近勘查发现的岩溶洞穴胶体沉积型埃洛石矿床。运用化学成分分析、X射线衍射、红外吸收光谱、差热-热重分析、扫描电子显微镜以及氮气吸附解吸分析等研究手段,较系统地研究了该矿床的矿物学特征。除有极少量碎屑状石英,以及附着于埃洛石外表面的凝胶成因石英外,主要矿物是1 nm埃洛石,部分为0.7 nm埃洛石。埃洛石的Fe2O3平均含量仅约0.14%,TiO2平均含量仅约0.08%,为形态完整的管状晶体,管长一般为1.0~1.5μm,外径一般0.05~0.1μm,平均孔径0.016~0.030μm,是超薄精细陶瓷优质原料,在微反应器、限时释放器、有序结构膜组装以及环境净化材料方面具有潜在开发利用价值。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献