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1.
2007年7月18日济南大暴雨的β中尺度分析 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
利用1°×1°的NCEP再分析资料、地面逐小时的观测资料和红外云图,对2007年7月18日的济南大暴雨过程进行了详细的α中尺度分析,揭示了地面β中尺度气旋新生发展的一种物理机制,并重点分析了多尺度的积云并合过程对此次强降水形成的重要作用。研究结果表明:在一个已经发展成热的MαCS的左后侧出现的下沉冷出流在低层向西南方向扩散,与午后不断加强的西南暖湿气流共同作用增强了地面的斜压性,从而使地面辐合线上的气旋性扰动加强,并迅速新生发展出β中尺度气旋。在此次强降水过程中共经历了从γ中尺度对流单体到β中尺度对流云团,再到α中尺度对流云团,最后形成中尺度对流复合系统的4个多尺度积云并合过程,而地面β可尺度气旋在每一个阶段都扮演了非常重要的角色,它们既是β中尺度对流云团的组织者,同时也是α中尺度对流云团的组成者,α中尺度对流云团往往都由一个以上的β中尺度气旋组织而成,当β中尺度气旋出现遭遇、合并之时,对流云团和降水得以强烈发展。在济南强降水发生前的1个多小时内,其西南方边界层内不断出现β中尺度超低空西南急流,它促使这一区域内不断产生回波单体并在向东北方向移动的过程中迅速发展成强回波带,当济南北面的强回波南移与这一强回波带并合后快速发展产生强降水。 相似文献
2.
低压倒槽影响下积层混合云形成过程模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用多普勒雷达资料和中尺度天气预报模式wRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模拟结果,对2009年5月9—10日发生在太原及其周边地区的一次积层混合云降水形成过程进行分析。结果表明,在积层混合云的形成初期,局地对流云得到发展,随着其强度不断增强,与周围云发生并合过程（包括局地单体对流的并合、积云团的并合和积层混合云内强中心的并合）,形成范围较大的积层混合云云系。局地单体对流和积云团的并合可带来云体的爆发性增长,霰含量、雨水含量大幅增加。积层混合云内强中心的并合对降水强度影响不大,但有利于降水面积扩大。低压倒槽和弱冷锋是此次积层混合云形成和维持的主要影响因素。低压倒槽有利于低层大范围不稳定能量的积累,风向切变有利于近距离云团的发展和并合,山地动力和热力作用有利于局地对流单体、积层混合云内强中心的形成和加强。 相似文献
3.
本文给出了2001年8月24－25日在500hPa西北气流下产生的对流云团单体合并、加强形成中尺度对流复合体（简称MCC）的发展过程，并对其发生的环境条件进行了分析。结果表明，当低层水汽充足、局地大气具有潜在不稳定能量和适当的触发条件时，在500hPa西北气流控制的地区会出现中尺度对流复合体，产生强降水天气。本次过程主要是低层气流的辐合造成水汽、能量的聚积，低层的增暖增湿，高层的干冷空气入侵，形成了强的对流不稳定区；中尺度扰动及低空偏南气流在地面静止锋上被迫抬升，引起中尺度对流云团发展合并，是MCC生成的主要机制。 相似文献
4.
因复杂地形下热力和动力抬升对近地面空气的扰动作用,贵州地区容易形成内部嵌有许多小对流单体的积层混合云.选取2005年5月29日发生在贵州省的一次积层混合云降水个例进行分析,并利用WRF模式模拟该云系的生成、发展过程.结果表明:积层混合云由积云并合扩展层化形成,其发展过程经历三个典型的并合阶段.云系的降水特点是降水范围很大,分布不均匀,雨区中存在多个强降水中心,降水量累计最大值可达60 mm,且强降水中心与云中小对流单体的位置对应;积层混合云形成过程中,地面产生强降水的最终原因是,云并合过程中释放的不稳定能量改变了云中的气流场和含水量场. 相似文献
5.
利用常规观测资料、ECMWF ERA-Interim 0.125°×0.125°分析资料、FY-2G卫星云图和多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2017年8月18-19日漯河极端降水的中尺度特征及降水成因进行分析。结果表明:(1)本次过程在200 hPa高空分流区、500 hPa高空槽以及副热带高压、低层急流切变、地面低压倒槽等天气尺度系统合理配置及其相互作用下发生。(2)探空显示漯河上空具有较高的对流潜势,有利于中尺度雨团初生和发展。低层饱和、厚暖云层、弱风切变有利于暴雨云团产生,高CAPE值、高比湿和高降水效率是极端雨团的重要原因。(3)中尺度对流云团一个随槽前西南气流东移北上,一个随低层切变线南压,相向合并发展为MβCS,有利于暴雨云团增强。不同于以往本地区的云团"同向合并",持续的列车效应以及低质心高效率的中尺度对流单体后向传播导致强回波长时间维持,极端降水发展。(4)地面中尺度辐合线和强辐合中心对强降水起到动力触发作用,有利于对流发展。冷池出流与交汇北上的东南风和偏东风相互作用,导致水平温度梯度增大形成和冷池前侧锋生加强,一方面致使雨团组织化发展和单体后向传播,另一方面也在降水区下游触发新生雨团,冷池持续增强。(5)本次过程整层风场较弱,且低层气流传播速度大于引导气流速度,平移与传播方向的反向夹角大,导致两者矢量和大幅度偏离了引导气流方向,同时产生的减速效应导致暴雨中尺度系统移动缓慢,导致极端降水形成。 相似文献
6.
利用常规观测、风云卫星、多普勒天气雷达、CMORPH卫星降水量融合资料和NCEP/NCAR(0.25°×0.25°)再分析资料,对2016年6月16—17日新疆西部一次罕见暴雨过程进行中尺度分析。结果表明:(1)该暴雨过程具有累计雨量大、暴雨强度强、局地日雨量破极值、短时强降水范围广等特点。暴雨区位于200 hPa高空西南急流出口区左侧、500 hPa偏南气流及700 h Pa切变线附近。较强的CAPE和K指数对该暴雨有很好的指示意义。(2)该暴雨过程发生在低层辐合、高层辐散、低层较湿的有利背景下。强正涡度、强辐合和强上升运动不断将水汽和能量向上输送,为暴雨的产生提供有利的环境条件。(3)中亚地区中尺度雨团在发展演变过程中,逐渐形成西南-东北向带状多中心雨带,中心依次到达伊犁北部沿山地区,和原有的中尺度雨团共同作用,造成暴雨天气过程。中尺度对流云团不断产生于中亚地区,在东移过程中不断发展加强依次到达暴雨区,致使暴雨区不断产生短时强降水。(4)暴雨过程两个时段的中尺度对流系统存在明显差异,第一时段主要为孤立中尺度对流系统,造成伊宁博尔博松站成为暴雨中心并出现最强短时强降水的直接系统是风场特征明显的中γ尺度对流单体并在暴雨区维持少动。第二时段为CR达50 dBz、DVIL达4 g·m~(-3),长度达70 km、宽度达10km且呈准南北态的线状中尺度对流系统,其在向东移动过程中造成多站依次出现短时强降水天气。 相似文献
7.
利用常规观测资料、地面加密自动站资料、雷达探测资料与NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料等,对低层偏东气流影响下贵州铜仁梵净山东侧4次强降水天气过程进行了分析,重点探讨了在低层偏东气流与地形共同作用下的强降水形成机制,并归纳低层偏东气流影响下的梵净山东侧强降水概念模型。结果表明:(1)高空槽、低层切变线、地面中尺度辐合线是影响梵净山东侧强降水的主要天气系统;(2)低层浅薄偏东气流对梵净山东侧强降水起着关键作用,当低空气流u分量随高度减小时,地形迎风坡气流辐合上升,而气流v分量随高度增加时,地形迎风坡会产生与山脉垂直的水平涡管,在地形抬升作用下涡管向上凸起形成两个涡管环流圈,涡度垂直分量使山脚附近上升气流加强而有利于山脚产生强降水;(3)梵净山东侧强降水区的形成存在三种机制,即迎风坡山脚多次触发对流形成雨量叠加效应、地面中尺度辐合线自身触发组织对流、回波沿地面中尺度辐合线东移形成“列车效应”,三种机制产生的降水带与地面中尺度辐合线走向一致。 相似文献
8.
冷涡对两类对流系统结构演变作用的个例模拟对比分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2015年8月22日,在同一冷涡背景下,华北东北部形成了多单体风暴,而在黄淮地区出现飑线过程。本文根据观测资料给出冷涡对中尺度对流系统发生发展的动力和热力作用,并基于WRF中尺度数值模式的模拟结果,对比分析了两类对流系统的形态结构演变和运动过程的差异、差异产生的原因及冷涡的作用,主要结论如下:(1)两类对流系统均位于冷涡后部,但形态演变和运动过程差异显著,北部分散性对流受地面风辐合及地形抬升的共同影响发展形成多单体风暴,呈西北—东南排列,主要以前向传播的方式缓慢向东南偏南方向运动,带来短时强降水为主的天气;南部线状对流由山东西北部和河南北部形成的多个孤立单体合并后形成,随后在黄淮地区发展为飑线系统,在平流移动为主的作用下向东南方向快速运动,产生雷暴大风和冰雹天气。(2)北部多单体风暴在冷暖气团交界面形成,位于冷涡西南象限,低层水汽和能量充足;新对流单体在边界层被触发后,沿着低层切变线向高能区传播。(3)南部飑线系统在冷槽后的地面干暖区低压带中形成,中尺度对流系统产生的冷池和雷暴高压的出流与环境相互作用,低层水汽条件转好,使得单体不断传播和合并,发展为飑线系统。(4)中层后部入流的强度和环境水汽条件对两类对流系统组织化过程有不同影响,飑线中层后部入流的增强主要来自环境西风分量的增加,与冷涡发展演变使得环境风场增强有关;北部对流湿层深厚,所处的中层风场弱,不利于多单体风暴组织化发展;南部飑线系统位于更强的环境西风引导气流中,后部中层入流强、高层环境空气干,有利于强下沉气流形成,从而促进雷暴高压和冷池的发展,强下沉气流还使中低层的风速增加,垂直风切变增强,有利于对流单体组织化发展形成线状对流。 相似文献
9.
低纬高原地区南支槽强降水中尺度MCS系统的模拟与分析 总被引：6，自引：7，他引：6
选取2002年5月11～13日云南地区的一次南支槽强降水过程，利用MM5非静力中尺度数值模式对这次降水过程进行了数值模拟，利用模式高分辨率的输出结果分析了这次强降水中尺度对流系统的结构特征。分析结果表明：强对流系统的低层环境风场为西南和东南气流辐合，高层则为一致的槽前西南气流。低层强正涡度暖湿气流辐合上升区紧邻辐合线的西南侧，槽前西南暖湿气流在辐合线附近冷空气的作用下辐合上升，形成强降水，强降水落区位于低层700hPa强正涡度暖湿气流辐合上升区的西南侧。对物理量要素的时间演变分析表明：在对流发展初期，沿辐合线的正负涡度、辐合辐散、上升与下沉运动在垂直方向和水平方向上相间分布，呈多个模态；当对流发展较强时演变为单一模态分布，即辐合线附近低层为正涡度辐合气流上升区，而高层为负涡度辐散气流下沉区。其中低层辐合较为浅薄，位于地面到600hPa高度，而正涡度和垂直速度较为深厚，可以从地面向上分别伸展到400hPa和200hPa高度。研究还揭示了低纬高原地区中尺度对流辐合系统的垂直轴线随高度向辐合区东北侧（高纬度地区）倾斜的特征，这是低纬高原地区南支槽强降水中尺度对流系统与其它切变线、准静止锋和低涡等中尺度对流系统不同的最主要特征之一。 相似文献
10.
渤海西岸偏东风对天津局地大暴雨的影响分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用加密自动气象站、多普勒天气雷达和风廓线雷达等高时空分辨率资料,分析2017年7月6日天津一次局地大暴雨过程的中尺度对流系统发展演变特征,讨论渤海西岸边界层偏东风的垂直结构、温湿特性及其对局地大暴雨的作用。结果表明:局地大暴雨由两个暖区中尺度对流系统和一个低涡切变线系统造成,偏东风作用下的暖区第二个中尺度对流系统主导了局地大暴雨的形成。大暴雨中心两侧的温湿特征均呈“东高西低”分布,偏东气流具有暖湿特性,为暖区对流暴雨的发生发展提供了有利的环境条件。由于海陆地形差异,偏东气流自渤海向内陆推进过程中呈现明显的风速扰动特征,不仅导致水汽辐合,同时有利于上升运动发展。其中,0.6 km以下偏东风的中尺度扰动对局地大暴雨的触发和维持起重要作用,风速辐合强迫产生的上升气流是γ中尺度对流单体的重要触发机制,而强降水冷池出流与不断增强的暖湿偏东人流相互作用形成地面中尺度辐合线,使对流系统得以稳定维持,40 dBz以上强降水回波持续近3 h,平均6 min降水量达6.8 mm。此外,局地大暴雨的雨强变化与东风急流波动关系密切,急流的建立、发展、减弱和消失分别对应降水的陡增、峰值、减弱和陡降四个阶段。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献