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本文总结了八个地区白垩纪—第三纪界线的生物地层资料,试图确定一个完整的连续剖面.其中,突尼斯的艾尔·凯夫剖面出露最厚,生物地层标志也最全,包括白垩纪最顶部的Micula Prinsii带;第三纪最下部Globigerina fringa带中的“界线粘土”以及Globigerina eugubina and pseudobulloides带.根据这一分带,笔者对比了各剖面的稳定同位素地层标志.资料表明,白垩纪最晚期和第三纪最早期海洋的同位素组成,差别极大.碳同位素的变化主要取决于海洋养分的变化,显然是全球性的,因而具有等时性.氧同位素的变化虽然也具全球性,但受古地理位置及古循环系统的局部影响.同位素地层与生物地层资料的一致性表明,第三系底部沉积物中的“白垩纪”超微化石,并非再搬运的,而是白垩纪—第三纪界线事件的幸存者,在第三纪最早期海洋中仍继续繁衍.这些孓遗种属在界线事件后几万年才发生灭绝,理应为事件造成的环境变化的结果,而不是事件本身引起的”灾变性”灭绝. 相似文献
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南黄海盆地及邻区中生代地层对比 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
龚建明 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2002,22(3):83-91
中生代地层广泛分布于南黄海盆地及邻区，包括胶莱盆地、苏北盆地、群山盆地、黑山盆地、庆尚盆地等。陆上和海域的三叠纪地层主要由灰岩组成。侏罗纪地层目前只发现陆上，主要由陆相碎屑岩组成，但从南黄海盆地某些地震剖面上可以看出，海域侏罗纪地层很可能存在。白垩纪地层在上述中生代盆地中分布最广，在许多钻井中，白垩纪地层的厚度在1000m以上，甚至2000m。其中，陆地上早白垩纪地层主要由暗色陆相碎屑岩组成，例如胶莱盆地的莱阳组、苏北盆地的葛村组，庆尚盆地的新洞群；而海域的早白垩纪地层通常由红色碎屑岩组成，例如，南黄海盆地东侧的Kachi-1和Inga-1井钻遇早白垩纪地层，其中Kachi-1井的早白垩纪地层为红褐色碎屑岩夹火山岩，而Inga-1井的早白垩纪地层为玄武岩。中白垩纪地层属氧化环境，岩石通常为红色或棕色。例如，胶莱盆地的王氏组、苏北盆地的浦口组和赤山组、庆尚盆地的河阳群。在南黄海盆地中，ZC7－2－1、Kachi-1和另外5口井均钻遇这套以红色为主的地层。苏北盆地和南黄海盆地的晚白垩纪地层称为泰州组，主要由暗色泥岩组成，而庆尚盆地的晚白垩纪地层称为榆川群，主要由火山岩组成。地层对比显示，南黄海盆地及邻区中生代地层具有东部沉积厚、西部沉积薄，东部沉积环境以氧化为主、岩石发红，西部以还原环境为主、岩石发暗，东部以火山岩为主、西部以碎屑岩为主的特征。 相似文献
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南海东北部及其邻区新生代构造事件主要有白垩纪末—古新世早期、始新世中期、始新世晚期—早渐新世、中新世晚期—上新世初和上新世末—更新世中期发生的５次事件。它们在区内表现明显，伴有不整合、地层缺失和岩浆、断裂、褶皱等活动。同一构造事件在不同构造单元发生的时间可以有早有晚、程度有强有弱、性质有张有压，或造陆造山、或造海造盆，但是这些表现却互有联系且可在全区追踪对比。 相似文献
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提出鲁苏榴辉岩套的分布、岩石组合及构造形变特征。依据成岩条件和同位素年龄探讨了其地质演化,认为它们形成于三叠纪早期的碰撞造山作用和白垩纪早期的伸展构造作用。 相似文献
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南海东北部及其邻区新生代构造事件 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
南海东北部及其邻区新生代构造事件主要有白垩纪末－古新世早期，始新世中期，始新世晚期－早新世，中新世晚期－上新世初和上新世末－更新世中期发生的５次事件，它们在区内表现明显，伴有不整合，地层缺失和岩浆，断裂，褶皱等活动，同一构造事件在不同构造单元发生的时间可以有早有晚，程度有强有弱，性质有张有压，或造陆造山或造海造盆，但是这些表现却互有联系且可在全区追踪对比。 相似文献
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声学探测技术在近岸水域地震地层探测中的应用 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
对山东省海阳冷家庄东南近岸海域浅、中深层地层声学探测剖面进行了分析对比,对研究区内的地震地层层序和基岩的构造特征地判有研究区存在着３个地震反射波且,分别代表了３套没形成时代、不同 地层,综合海底浅层柱状取样结果及陆上地层露头情况,推测这３个地震反射波层组分别与第四纪浅海相泥砂质沉积,白垩纪莱阳群中上部的中、薄层粉砂岩和莱阳群的厚层石英砂岩相对应。并且,发育于基岩内的断层构造在第二、三反射波层组内具 相似文献
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为了明确东海陆架盆地西部瓯江凹陷的构造单元属性,指导下步油气勘探部署,本文在前人中生代构造单元划分和构造演化的研究基础上,开展了地震剖面解释、平衡剖面分析、海陆对比研究等工作。综合研究认为,瓯江凹陷为白垩纪断陷红盆,缺少侏罗纪地层,其断裂构造特征、白垩纪沉积建造和火山岩活动等类似于浙闽隆起带,而瓯江凹陷以东的闽江凹陷为白垩纪和侏罗纪的断坳转换盆地,沉积环境为海陆过渡相—海相。地震剖面上闽江凹陷与其东侧的基隆凹陷构成一个向东倾斜的整体。海陆对比显示,瓯江凹陷与浙闽隆起侏罗纪时均处于隆升剥蚀,白垩纪时均处于断裂拉张。因此,推测瓯江凹陷与浙闽隆起带具有相似的构造单元属性,属于浙闽隆起带的一部分,其中生代的油气资源潜力可能比闽江凹陷差。 相似文献
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通过线性回归合成3颗卫星的遥感反射率,得到2006年7月27日—2006年8月8日期间有效数据量较多且时间连续的遥感反射率资料,并据此对长江口邻近海域近岸水舌向外海的扩展过程进行了分析。结果表明:在此期间存在一次明显的扩展过程,水舌的遥感反射率随离岸距离增加而降低,水舌主要沿纬度方向扩展,而在南、北方向摆动范围不大。该扩展过程分为伸展和消退两个阶段, 7月27日—8月2日期间,水舌逐天向东伸展,最远处到达124.4°E附近;在向东伸展途中,水舌宽度逐渐变窄但变化幅度较小;水舌内部遥感反射率的不同等值线均向东伸展,但向东伸展的程度不同,水舌边界的伸展速度变化较大(17.6~33.4 km/d),平均为每天24.5 km。从8月3日起水舌开始消退,至8月8日已完全消失;在消退过程中,水舌的范围缩小,遥感反射率下降,水舌轴线方向基本保持不变。结合相关资料对该过程的生消机理进行初步分析认为,在水舌扩展过程中,潮流的主要作用是阻碍沿岸水沿岸线方向运动,持续而强劲的南风对水舌的产生和伸展起重要作用,而东风则促使水舌消退。 相似文献
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福清湾及附近海域浮游动物的数量和分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文分析了2005年10月和2006年5月在福清湾及其附近海域采集的浮游动物样品,结果表明,福清湾已鉴定的浮游动物有64种,10类浮游幼体.分为4个生态类群,包括河口低盐类群,近岸暖温类群,近岸暖水类群和广布外海类群.浮游动物物种多样性指数春季高于秋季.春季浮游动物总个体数均值为(161ind/m3)高于秋季的(83ind/m3),春季生物量均值为(67.7mg/m3)低于秋季的(87.7mg/m3);浮游动物总个体数的平面分布,春季湾内西部水域最高,海坛海峡最少;秋季福清湾东部水域最高,湾内西部水域最少.浮游动物生物量和总个体数的平面分布趋势基本一致.另外还对浮游动物的分布与环境因子的关系进行了分析. 相似文献
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Monsoonal hydrodynamic prevails over the east coast of Hainan Island induced by southwest monsoon (SWM) and northeast monsoon (NEM) which drives coastal Ekman divergence/convergence cycle and the reversal of Guangdong coastal current (GCC) between the sGCC in the SWM season and nGCC in the NEM season. We report the control of such hydrodynamics on biological properties such as phytoplankton assemblages in the east coast of Hainan Island. Physico-chemical and biological observations were carried out in two oceanographic cruises along the east coast of Hainan Island during SWM period (July–August) of 2008 and NEM period (March–April) of 2009. Results indicated that phytoplankton assemblages in coastal regions (fringing reefs and coastal shelf) changed dramatically accompanied with the reverse of monsoonal hydrodynamic processes, with chain-forming diatoms (mainly, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Thalassionema nitzschioides) dominating during SWM cruise when coastal Ekman divergence and the sGCC were prevailed, but the pelagic Noctiluca scintillans and Trichodesmium erythraeum dominating during NEM cruise when coastal Ekman convergence and the nGCC were prevailed. Furthermore, phytoplankton assemblages in fringing reefs along coastline were somewhat different from ones of coastal shelf, as fringing reefs are just located at dynamic boundary of offshore (or onshore) Ekman transport processes. Offshore diffusion of pelagic cells (such as T. erythraeum) driven by offshore Ekman transport process led to the lower abundance of T. erythraeum in fringing reefs than ones in coastal shelf during SWM cruise; on the contrary, onshore aggregation of pelagic cells (such as N. scintillans and T. erythraeum) driven by onshore Ekman transport process leads to higher abundances of N. scintillans and T. erythraeum in fringing reefs than ones in coastal shelf during NEM cruise; especially, N. scintillans formed bloom in fringing reefs. Last, we suggested that hydrodynamic processes must be taken into account in scientific management of fringing coral reefs health of the east coast of Hainan Island, especially during northeast monsoon season when blooming specie cells (such as N. scintillans) could be introduced from eutrophic South China mainland coast to the east coast of Hainan Island and piled to high-abundance at fringing reefs by monsoonal hydrodynamics. 相似文献
14.
Despite threats emanating from the influence of climate and non-climate forcing on the barrier island coastal region of southwestern Nigeria, the extent of the coastal erosion is poorly understood. We report evidence of coastal erosion and sediment accumulation in the region over a 34-year period (1973–2017), using Landsat imagery at intervals of approximately six years. Landsat image corrections and various water-extraction algorithms were used to systematically delineate coastal erosion and accumulation in the area. The region was subdivided into western and eastern subregions separated by Lagos Harbour. In the west, erosion took place during the periods 1973–1979, 1979–1984, 1990–1999 and 2005–2011, whereas in the east, erosion occurred during 1973–1979, 1990–1999 and 1999–2005. Coastal sediment accumulation occurred in the east during 1979–1984, 1984–1990, 2005–2011 and 2011–2017, whereas gains in the west occurred during 1984–1990, 1999–2005 and 2011–2017. The study revealed substantial net erosion of 1 228.1 ha in the region as a whole, over the full period. Sediment accumulation accompanying the coastal erosion appears to be linked to longshore drift. Erosion between 1973 and 2011 was probably attributable to climate change (storms and tidal conditions), longshore drift, the inflow and outflow of water at Lagos Harbour, coastal morphology and, possibly, human impacts. However, the coastal changes between 2011 and 2017 were more obviously associated with human activities, such as development of the Eko Atlantic construction project. Coastal surveillance, together with the use of environmentally sensitive protective measures, could possibly help to reduce coastal erosion in the region. Careful coastal management practices, including artificial nourishing and the installation of resilient structures (e.g. seawalls), should be undertaken to protect human settlements that are already at risk from sea-level rise. 相似文献
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渤海莱州湾滨海平原晚第四纪地质事件与古环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
莱州湾为渤海三大海湾之一,西面及南面均为滨海平原,是华北平原的组成部分。莱州湾滨海平原在山东低山丘陵与莱州湾之间
莱州湾滨海平原第四纪古地理环境的调查研究始于50年代,60年代以来,随着地下水资源和油气的开发,第四纪地层与沉积环境的研究开始深化。作者自70年代以来，在本区开展了第四纪地下卤水资源、海平面変化与地下咸水入侵等问题的研究，以上研究均以第四纪古地理环境为宏观背景。本文系上述研究结果的阶段总结,为今后本领域研究工作与资源开发、环境保护等方面提供了依据。 相似文献
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The SWAN wave model is typically designed for wave simulations in the near-shore region and thus is selected for evaluating its applicability on typhoon waves in the coastal waters around Taiwan Island. Numerical calculations on processes of wave heights and periods during the passages of four representative typhoons are compared with measured data from field wave stations on both east and west coasts. The results have shown that waves due to typhoons of paths 2, 3 and 4 can be reasonably simulated on east coastal waters. However, discrepancies increase for the simulated results on west coastal waters because the island's central mountains partly damage the cyclonic structures of the passing-over typhoons. It is also found that the included nested grid scheme in SWAN could improve the accuracy of simulations in coastal waters to facilitate further engineering practices. 相似文献
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以我国东部沿海中、新生代含油气盆地中的古潜山为窗口，分析了从震旦纪以来这里发育这一系列含油气原型盆地和烃源岩，形成了相互叠置的多幕次叠合复式含油气盆地和各种油气藏，这一认识将拓展东部沿海油气勘探的时空领域，是今后油气勘探的新方向。 相似文献
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通过分析2005年-2010年北塘口及其邻近海域水环境现场调查资料,同时结合历史数据进行对比,结果表明:(1)北塘口河口水体中COD和BOD5超标严重,整体污染态势以2008年为界呈现先降低后升高的趋势;邻近海域水体中无机氮为最主要污染物,其中硝酸盐是无机氮中最主要组成部分,但丰水期时亚硝酸盐氮和枯水期时铵盐氮所占比例逐年升高,说明区域水体氧化还原环境的潜在变化;N/P比值远高于正常的Redfield 16比值表明,区域水体已处于潜在严重P限制状态,同时,区域严重富营养化状态也极易诱导区域赤潮爆发;(2)丰水期陆源无机氮大量输入,使区域水体大部分时间超该区域功能区划要求的Ⅳ类海水水质标准,但底质沉积物环境相对比较稳定,各监测项目全部符合一类海洋沉积物质量标准要求;(3)丰水期和枯水期时,活性磷酸盐含量1983年-1998年分别增加了16.6倍和17.2倍,1998年-2010年由于监控措施的加强,极大地降低了P排放,丰水期和枯水期时活性磷酸盐含量最大增幅分别降到了5.84倍和2.33倍,无机氮含量增幅也呈现明显减小趋势,1983年-1998年丰水期和枯水期分别增加了8.37倍和13.7倍,而1998年-2010年丰水期和枯水期最大增幅也仅为3.52倍和3.28倍;整体看来水质和底质环境有缓和趋势,但潜在威胁仍然严重. 相似文献
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Shandong province is located on the east coast of China and has a coastline of about 3100 km. There are only a few tsunami events recorded in the history of Shandong Province, but the tsunami hazard assessment is still necessary as the rapid economic development and increasing population of this area. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential danger posed by tsunamis for Shandong Province. The numerical simulation method was adopted to assess the tsunami hazard for coastal areas of Shandong Province. The Cornell multi-grid coupled tsunami numerical model (COMCOT) was used and its efficacy was verified by comparison with three historical tsunami events. The simulated maximum tsunami wave height agreed well with the observational data. Based on previous studies and statistical analyses, multiple earthquake scenarios in eight seismic zones were designed, the magnitudes of which were set as the potential maximum values. Then, the tsunamis they induced were simulated using the COMCOT model to investigate their impact on the coastal areas of Shandong Province. The numerical results showed that the maximum tsunami wave height, which was caused by the earthquake scenario located in the sea area of the Mariana Islands, could reach up to 1.39 m off the eastern coast of Weihai city. The tsunamis from the seismic zones of the Bohai Sea, Okinawa Trough, and Manila Trench could also reach heights of >1 m in some areas, meaning that earthquakes in these zones should not be ignored. The inundation hazard was distributed primarily in some northern coastal areas near Yantai and southeastern coastal areas of Shandong Peninsula. When considering both the magnitude and arrival time of tsunamis, it is suggested that greater attention be paid to earthquakes that occur in the Bohai Sea. In conclusion, the tsunami hazard facing the coastal area of Shandong Province is not very serious; however, disasters could occur if such events coincided with spring tides or other extreme oceanic conditions. The results of this study will be useful for the design of coastal engineering projects and the establishment of a tsunami warning system for Shandong Province. 相似文献
20.
中国北方四剖面CaCO3含量变化及其反映的古降水量 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中国北方自西向东的4个剖面,各地层CaCO3的含量呈现逐渐减少的规律。科尔沁剖面和延长剖面、西宁盘子山剖面CaCO3含量曲线表现出的特征为：在每一个古土壤单元的下部一定深度内CaCO3曲线都表现为一个明显的峰;新疆塔勒德剖面的各古土壤的CaCO3含量表现为表层比中、下部要高。利用CaCO3淀积深度恢复出来的部分区域的古降水量显示,末次间冰期期间盘子山剖面的古降水量大为352mm,延长剖面和科尔沁剖面的古降水量大约为500-550mm;末次冰期的间冰阶阶段科尔沁剖面的古降水量大致为320～360mm;延长剖面古降水量大约为443mm;全新世以来盘子山剖面的古降水量大约为306mm,延长剖面和科尔沁剖面的古降水量大约为320-380mm。这些数据可为半定量恢复地质历史时期古环境状况提供依据。 相似文献