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1.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(11)
基于日照岚山港滨海相软土场地形成的水泥土的微型贯入试验,采用BP神经网络建立了水泥土劣化深度的网络模型来预测场地形成的水泥土的劣化深度。在模型建立过程中,将养护时间、水泥掺入比、养护条件、水泥种类、水泥强度等级、含水量及搅拌条件与水泥土劣化深度密切相关的7个参数引入到输入层,用Visual Basic语言编制了以水泥掺入比和养护时间为主要输入因素的计算程序,在样本训练和学习过程中,程序可对比显示实测和计算曲线。结果表明:水泥土劣化深度的预测结果与实测值较为吻合。说明运用BP神经网络模型预测水泥土劣化深度的方法是切实可行的。 相似文献
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海洋环境中温湿度变化对混凝土氯离子传输研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
氯离子渗透到混凝土内部诱发钢筋锈蚀是海洋钢筋混凝土面临的耐久性关键问题。构建考虑骨料、浆体集料界面区的混凝土模型,建立了环境温度、湿度影响的氯离子传输模型,基于COMSOL数值模拟软件分析了材料、环境对混凝土氯离子传输的影响规律,并通过试验进行了验证。结果表明:模拟结果和试验数据具有较高的吻合度;随着温度的升高,氯离子扩散加快,而混凝土中氯离子的渗透深度随着内部湿度的增大而呈现减小趋势。混凝土中高致密骨料存在阻碍了氯离子传输,但界面区存在使得氯离子沿界面区传输并在骨料背后形成传输前锋。 相似文献
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附着基粗糙度等因素与海藻密度的相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海藻附着基表面粗糙度与孢子附着密度有密切的相关性;已经由许多研究证实。但是海藻苗的密度是否仍然受到附着基粗糙度的影响;还缺乏明确的结论。本文以尼龙和亚克力两种材料作为海藻附着基;悬挂于自然海区中使海藻孢子附着并萌发生长;用以研究附着基表面粗糙度对4种海藻密度的影响。结果显示;多管藻、尾孢藻、点叶藻、硬毛藻这4种海藻;在不具沟槽的光滑面;密度显著低于任何有沟槽的粗糙面;但粗糙度不同的附着基之间比较;对海藻密度的影响并不显著。室内培育的海带苗;在尼龙上的密度与粗糙度成正相关;但是将海带苗移至海上培育后;不再与粗糙度有相关性;可能与其假根状固着器下海后的发育有关。本文还试验了海泥、灭活海泥和低栖硅藻3种沉积物与附着基粗糙度对海藻密度的影响;结果表明;沉积物和附着基粗糙度;以及它们的交互作用对海藻密度的影响;因附着基的材料和海藻种类而有差别。 相似文献
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海滩是常见且脆弱的滨海生态系统,具有极大的生态服务功能。受气候变化和人类活动的多重影响,海滩生态系统受损严重。海滩养护是利用人工补沙的方式对海滩地貌进行修复,是抵御海岸侵蚀和改善海滩环境的有效措施,以往的养护往往忽略了对海滩生态系统的影响,许多研究表明海滩养护对海滩生态系统会产生多方面、多尺度的复杂影响。本文在总结前人研究的基础上,梳理出海滩生态系统的构成、特点和功能,分析了海滩生态受损的基本特征,对海滩养护对海滩生态系统多尺度影响过程及影响机制进行了重点述评,并从降低负面生态影响角度给出了海滩养护技术优化方法,以支撑海滩生态系统适应性管理和可持续利用。 相似文献
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通过对北戴河西海滩养护前、养护初、3个月和一年后表层沉积物样品粒度实验,获得沉积物粒度参数,并结合Gao—ACollins粒径趋势模型,对海滩养护后沉积物粒度变化特征及其对养护海滩的影响进行了研究。结果显示经波浪等动力作用后,养护后的新海滩沉积物整体呈粗化、分选性变好趋势;海滩沉积物以推移质和跃移质为主;沉积物净运移趋势由离岸搬运为主变为沿岸搬运占优势;填沙物质特征对填沙区及其上、下游沉积物粒度特征有影响,但这种影响随时间推移逐渐减小;潜堤等硬工程设施对养护海滩的稳定具有积极作用。一年后,养护海滩保存良好,填沙物质的选择较合理。 相似文献
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LNG低温复合软管具有强度高、重量轻、柔韧性好等优点,可以满足恶劣海况下LNG的输送需求,但其结构复杂,且面临多种耦合载荷作用下的疲劳失效问题。首先建立了LNG低温复合软管的有限元模型,研究了复合软管在弯曲和内压载荷下的力学响应和弯曲疲劳寿命特性;然后改变螺旋钢丝直径、预紧间距、导程和纤维层数及摩擦系数等参数,对软管的弯曲疲劳寿命进行了参数化分析。结果表明预紧间距、导程和纤维层数对复合软管的疲劳损伤影响显著：预紧间距增大时,复合软管疲劳损伤先增大后减小;导程减小或者层数增加时,复合软管的疲劳损伤会明显减小;摩擦系数对疲劳损伤几乎没有影响。研究成果可为低温复合软管的结构设计提供理论参考。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,51(9)
为探究不同材质人工鱼礁的附着效果,本研究选用玄武岩纤维(BF)、普通硅酸盐水泥(PC)、40%贝壳粉硅酸盐水泥(PF)和80%贝壳粉硅酸盐水泥(PE)4种礁体材料进行了海上挂板试验。挂板117 d后,在礁体上共鉴定出附着生物35种,其中内刺盘管虫(Hydroides ezoensis)为绝对优势种。在附着的生物种类方面PFPEPCBF(分别为27、26、15和11种);在附着的总生物量方面PEPFPCBF。Margalef种类丰富度指数(D)表现为PEPFPCBF;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)表现为PFPEPCBF;Pielou均匀度指数(J)表现为PFPCPEBF。添加贝壳粉的硅酸盐水泥挂板生物附着效果较好,优于普通硅酸盐水泥,适宜作为芙蓉岛海域海洋牧场人工鱼礁的礁体材料;而表面光滑的玄武岩纤维挂板生物附着效果较差,礁体表面制作工艺有待进一步研发。本研究中盘管虫属(Hydroides)与生物数量、附着厚度以及附着生物的物种数、多样性指数、总生物量都呈显著正相关(P0.05),盘管虫属生物的率先附着增加了鱼礁表面的空间异质性,这对于其他物种附着和生物多样性的增加发挥了积极的生态作用。本研究结果为莱州湾海域附着生物多样性的分析和人工鱼礁适宜材料的筛选提供了参考。 相似文献
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新型珊瑚海水混凝土力学性能试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为了解决全珊瑚海水混凝土(coral aggregate seawater concrete,简称CASC)的脆性问题,采用碱式硫酸镁水泥(basic magnesium sulfate cement,简称BMSC)为胶凝材料和剑麻纤维为增韧材料制备了一种新型全珊瑚海水混凝土(NCASC),系统测定了基本力学性能,并与普通硅酸盐水泥制备的CASC、碱式硫酸镁水泥砂石混凝土(basic magnesium sulfate cement concrete,简称BMSCC)、普通砂石混凝土(ordinary portland cement concrete,简称OPC)以及普通轻骨料混凝土(lightweight aggregate concrete,简称LAC)的力学性能进行对比。结果表明:立方体抗压强度(f_(cu),m)在15~35 MPa范围内的NCASC的轴心抗压强度(f_c,m)、劈裂抗拉强度(f_(sp),m)与f_(cu),m之间具有较显著的线性关系;对于f_(cu),m为15~35 MPa的混凝土,相同强度NCASC的f_c,m高于OPC、LAC及BMSCC,其f_c,m与f_(cu),m比值最大,大致在0.85~0.96之间,NCASC的f_(sp),m比OPC和LAC高,但比BMSCC低,且随着强度的提高,OPC与NCASC的f_(sp),m间的差距在增大,而LAC和BMSCC与NCASC的f_(sp),m间的差距在缩小;在强度等级C15~C55的范围中,NCASC和CASC的f_(sp),m、f_c,m与f_(cu),m之间的关系基本可以采用相同的线性回归方程来描述,利用这两个回归线性方程得到对应于标准强度等级的CASC和NCASC的f_(sp),m和f_c,m数据,为CASC力学性能研究与结构设计提供参考依据。 相似文献
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蜈蚣藻属是海膜科中最大的属。在实验室培养条件下,我们详细观察了缢基蜈蚣藻（Grateloupia constricata）早期发育过程及生活史,研究了温度与光周期、温度与光照强度的交互作用对其盘状体发育及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：缢基蜈蚣藻孢子发育类型为“间接盘状体”类型;缢基蜈蚣藻生活史由单倍体的雌、雄配子体,二倍体的果孢子体和四分孢子体组成,为典型的同型世代交替;温度、光周期和光照强度及其之间的相互作用对盘状体和幼苗的发育有显著影响,其中由温度与光周期、温度与光照强度交互实验得出：缢基蜈蚣藻早期发育的最适条件为温度20℃、光照强度80 μmol photons/(m2·s) 和光周期16L:8D。本研究为缢基蜈蚣藻的种质保存、大规模栽培和可持续开发利用提供了理论依据和技术支持。 相似文献
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强度是水泥土设计的重要指标,水泥土强度预测可以为工程设计提供理论依据。目前国内外学者均是利用室内试验研究水泥土强度特性,导入强度评价参数,建立水泥土强度预测公式,但是强度评价参数不同。本文利用一系列室内试验结果,提出综合参数和水泥土强度预测公式,并对比分析目前较常用的水泥土强度预测公式。研究结果表明:水泥土强度随水泥掺入比和养护龄期的增加而增加,随含水比的增加先升高后降低;水泥土密度不随养护龄期的改变而改变。灰水比与水泥土初始密度的比值是描述水泥土强度的一个合理参数,提出的水泥土强度预测公式预测结果与试验结果基本吻合。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
13.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
20.
Nabil Sultan Pierre Cochonat Jean Fran ois Bourillet Florence Cayocca 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(2):107-133
This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed. 相似文献