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1.
摘要：四川盆地中南部地区寒武系洗象池群碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素组成受后期成岩作用影响较小,基本保留了原始海洋的同位素组成,根据该地区采集的88个碳、氧同位素数据,研究、讨论了中上寒武统碳酸盐岩不同尺度沉积旋回中的碳氧同位素组成、演化及地质意义。研究表明,四川盆地寒武系洗象池群由下至上的地层序列中,碳、氧同位素具有明显的旋回性演化特征：其δ13C值变化于－56‰～3247‰之间,均值为-0979‰,绝大多数的样品都在-2‰～2‰的区间震荡,δ18O值分布于-111‰～-52‰之间,均值为-6934‰,主要集中在－9‰～-6‰的范围内波动。通过对不同尺度沉积旋回碳、氧同位素数据分析研究,认为在体系域尺度沉积旋回中控制碳氧同位素组成特征的主因是海平面变化,在米级旋回中主要受高频海平面变化、古气候、古构造等多方面叠加的影响;通过对碳、氧同位素数据分析研究,首次明确了该地区芙蓉统的底界,为地层的划分对比提供了有力证据;洗象池群早期和中期经历了短暂而快速的海侵后进入缓慢的海退,在晚期缓慢海侵后的快速海退,碳同位素组成反映的海平面变化趋势与沉积相演化一致。 相似文献
2.
《古地理学报》2017,(3)
四川盆地东部地区寒武系洗象池群碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素组成受后期成岩作用影响较小,基本保留了原始海洋的同位素组成,笔者根据采集的111个碳、氧同位素数据,研究、讨论了盆地东部地区中上寒武统碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素组成、演化及地质意义。研究表明,δ~(13)C值变化介于-3.36‰~2.65‰之间,均值为-1.027‰,绝大多数的样品都分布在-2‰~2‰的区间,δ~(18)O值分布于-11.1‰~-6.01‰之间,均值为-7.991‰,在-10‰~-6‰的范围内波动。通过对碳、氧同位素数据分析研究,认为四川盆地东部地区洗象池群主要发育在盐度较高、温暖—炎热的近岸海相沉积环境;洗象池群沉积早期和中期经历了短暂而快速的海侵后进入缓慢的海退,在晚期缓慢海侵后的快速海退,碳同位素组成反映的海平面变化趋势与沉积相演化一致。洗象池群沉积中期显著的碳同位素正向漂移,标志着较高的生产力和有机碳埋藏率,具有重要的石油地质学意义。 相似文献
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基于四川盆地灯影组3个采样点69组碳氧同位素样品测试分析,在充分论证样品有效性的基础上,对研究区碳氧同位素特征展开分析,进而探讨对应的古海洋环境及地质学意义.四川盆地灯影组白云岩δ13C值分布在-2.85‰～4.44‰,平均值为1.8‰;δ18O值为-9.02‰～-1.90‰,平均值为-5.42‰,碳氧同位素整体变化趋势与中国扬子地台其他区域基本相同.古海洋环境恢复表明,震旦纪灯影期研究区整体处于海相环境;灯影期海水温度主要介于15～30C之间,属温暖或炎热的亚热带气候;海平面共经历了缓慢海进、低位振荡海退、高位振荡海退、短暂海进、持续海退、振荡海退六个阶段.在海平面升降、气候变化、构造运动以及火山活动等众多因素的影响下,灯影组白云岩δ13C值共出现4次负漂移(N1～N4)和2次正漂移(P1～P2);受古海洋环境的影响,盆地沉积了特征明显的灯二段葡萄状藻云岩、灯三段暗色碎屑岩以及灯四段富藻云岩. 相似文献
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新疆柯坪地区寒武纪-奥陶纪碳酸盐岩沉积旋回的碳氧同位素研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
野外观测发现,在新疆柯坪地区蓬莱坝剖面,中寒武统阿瓦塔格组(C2a)至下奥陶统蓬莱坝组(O1p)的碳酸盐岩在剖面上存在不同尺度的沉积旋回:体系域级、米级旋回级、藻纹层级.对49件样品进行微区取样,共得到98件样品,对其进行了精细的不同尺度沉积旋回碳氧同位素组成的分析研究.结果表明,碳酸盐岩样品的δ13C值(PDB)分布在-1.6‰～1.6‰之间,平均为-0.5‰,δ18O值(PDB)为-12.7‰～-4.3‰,平均-6.2‰,因此,除了明显受到后期成岩蚀变作用(退白云岩化)的藻碳酸盐岩外,其余样品的碳氧同位素组成总体位于正常的海相碳酸盐岩沉积范围内.在体系域尺度上,对于Ⅲ2旋回层序高水位体系域(C2a1),海平面变化是控制碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素组成的主要因素;对于Ⅲ3旋回层序(C2a2-O1p),伴随海平面的升降变化,岩石沉积微环境复杂多变.在米级旋回尺度上,米级旋回的形成除了受高频海平面变化影响外,还受到古构造、古气候的叠加影响.在藻纹层旋回尺度上,δ13C值比δ18O值更能反映藻纹层的旋回性变化特征,藻纹层的形成受控于有机质沉积速率的季节性变化. 相似文献
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对上震旦统灯影组麦地坪段的C、O同位素组成进行了分析,并根据δ13C值在剖面上的变化特征,讨论了该地区震旦系/寒武系的界线。结果表明,麦地坪段白云岩δ13C值在-3.19‰~2.86‰之间,平均值为0.10‰;δ18O值在-10.75‰~-5.17‰之间,平均值为-7.82‰。在剖面上δ13C值出现了有规律的变化,剖面下部2～21层,δ13C值均为正值,在0.04‰~1.68‰之间,平均值为0.92‰;上部23～32层,δ13C值均为负值,在-3.19‰~-1.42‰之间,平均值为-2.13‰,δ13C值存在一个显著的负漂移,变化高达4‰。麦地坪段白云岩δ13C值的变化特征与国内外同期地层非常相似,具有全球可对比性,可作为震旦系/寒武系划分的地球化学标志。 相似文献
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湘西王村剖面寒武系鼓山阶(Drumian)底界附近碳酸盐岩的δ~(13)C值分布于0.5‰~–3.0‰之间,δ~(18)O值分布于–4.0‰~–12.0‰之间,少数碳酸盐岩样品的δ~(18)O值低于–10.0‰,指示岩石经历成岩期后蚀变作用影响,但δ~(13)C、δ~(18)O之间的非协变关系指示碳同位素组成比较稳定。鼓山阶底界附近δ~(13)C表现为负漂移演化趋势,负漂移幅度为4.0‰,最低值出现在鼓山阶底界之上9 m处,与美国犹他州Drum Mountains剖面鼓山阶负漂移(DICE)出现的位置基本一致,负漂移幅度可与美国内华达州Desert Range剖面、Panaca Hills剖面、犹他州House Range剖面、Drum Mountains剖面对比,表明DICE负漂移具有洲际可对比性,可作为寒武系鼓山阶划分与对比的工具。湘西王村剖面寒武系第二统顶部清虚洞组、第三统底部敖溪组白云岩为海平面下降期形成的进积序列,寒武系第三统花桥组下部黑色泥灰岩、钙质泥岩夹富含黄铁矿结核的硅质条带为深水斜坡相沉积,超覆于白云岩之上。因此,寒武系鼓山阶底部附近的DICE负漂移发生在寒武纪第三世鼓山期海侵时期,与美国Drum Mountains剖面鼓山阶DICE负漂移所处的沉积环境相似。 相似文献
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渤海湾地区寒武系标准剖面（山东张夏剖面）海相碳酸盐岩氧同位素δ^180值分布区间为-10.6‰～-4.8‰，碳同位素的δ^13C值为-5.8‰～ 1.6‰；奥陶系标准剖面（河北唐山剖面）海相碳酸盐的δ^180值分布区间为-15.9‰～-6.0‰,δ^13值为-7.6‰～ 1.2‰。中国华北地区奥陶系未出现（或未保存有）中国塔里木区与华南地区、北美大陆及瑞士等中-上奥陶统海相碳酸盐中碳同位素组成正向偏移现象。这表明，中国华北地区奥陶系应缺失兰代洛阶以上地层。碳同位素组成在华北地区奥陶系各组生物石带更叠之间均有异常波动，稳定同位素地层曲线可以成为大区域地层划分与对比的重要标志之一。据华北地区、塔里木区与华南地区的对比研究，海相碳酸盐岩中碳同位素组成明显地正向波动，可成为地质时期烃源岩形成期的宏观地球化学指标。 相似文献
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扬子地台寒武系碳酸盐岩的碳同位素组成及地质意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
贵州金沙地区寒武系上部娄山关组岩性单一,为蒸发相白云岩,生物化石稀少,沉积时代归属不清.为寻找地层对比与划分的岩石地球化学标志,按5 m的样品间距对贵州金沙地区相邻的长岩沟剖面、岩孔剖面寒武系采集了250件碳、氧同位素样品进行测试分析,对其演化趋势进行了研究.结果表明,贵州金沙地区寒武系碳同位素组成演化表现出4次显著负漂移和3次显著的正漂移.负漂移分布于清虚洞组中部(NE-1)、陡坡寺组下部(NE-2)、陡坡寺组与娄山关组的分界处(NE-3)、及娄山关组下部(NE-4),δ13C值分别降低到-2.3‰0、-2.6‰o、-6.2‰和-4.8‰;正漂移分布于清虚洞组底部(PE-1)、顶部(PE-2)及娄山关组上部(PE-3),δ13C值分别上升到1.3‰、2.1‰和2.6‰.δ13C的演化趋势可与世界各大陆寒武系δ13C演化趋势对比,它将娄山关组下部、中部、上部分别划归全球寒武系第二统上部、第三统及第四统. 相似文献
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为了确定我国华北寒武系苗岭统鼓山阶和芙蓉统排碧阶的底界,对豫北沙滩剖面碳酸盐岩碳同位素组成演化趋势进行了研究.结果表明寒武系δ13C演化表现出3次正漂移和2次负漂移,正漂移分布于张夏组下部、中部和炒米店组上部,δ13C分别达到最大值2.0‰、1.0‰和3.0‰;负漂移分布于张夏组底部和中下部,δ13C分别降到最低值-3.4‰和-1.0‰.炒米店组上部的δ13C正漂移起始于三叶虫Chuangia带底部,相当于美国、澳大利亚、西伯利亚及我国华南地区的芙蓉统排碧阶的SPICE正漂移.张夏组底部的δ13C负漂移对应于三叶虫Bailiella-Lioparia带,相当于鼓山阶底部的DICE负漂移.这2次δ13C漂移事件不仅可作为区域地层对比的依据,还可作为我国华北寒武系苗岭统鼓山阶和芙蓉统排碧阶底界确定的标志.寒武纪δ13C漂移事件与海平面变化、古生态环境演化密切相关,因海侵作用导致的古生态环境扩大及海洋初始生产力的繁盛可能是海相碳酸盐岩δ13C正漂移演化的主要原因. 相似文献
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Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
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针对兖州煤田下组煤深部开采受奥灰高承压水威胁以及当地大型煤化工企业生产用水量大的现状,在已进行的水文地质勘探及放水试验基础上,评价奥灰富水性,并采用有限差分法进行奥灰疏水降压数值模拟研究,提出水煤共采观点。研究结果表明:兖州煤田深部奥灰水压高,合理布置水煤共采孔,可以实现奥灰水位的有效疏降,疏降中心区水位最大降深可达110 m,突水系数显著下降,提高了下组煤开采的安全性;同时可提供煤化工43200 m3/d的供水量,能达到可持续的、水资源保护性的供水效果,实现下组煤的水煤共采。 相似文献
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《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2. 相似文献
14.
Hirokazu Fujimaki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1986,94(1):42-45
Concentration ratios of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid were determined for three igneous compositions: two andesites and a diorite. The concentration ratios of these elements between zircon and corresponding liquid can approximate the partition coefficient. Although the concentration ratios between apatite and andesite groundmass can be considered as partition coefficients, those for the apatite in the diorite may deviate from the partition coefficients. The HREE partition coefficients between zircon and liquid are very large (100 for Er to 500 for Lu), and the Hf partition coefficient is even larger. The REE partition coefficients between apatite and liquid are convex upward, and large (D=10–100), whereas the Hf and Zr partition coefficients are less than 1. The large differences between partition coefficients of Lu and Hf for zircon-liquid and for apatite-liquid are confirmed. These partition coefficients are useful for petrogenetic models involving zircon and apatite. 相似文献
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The distribution of Cu, Co, As and Fe was studied downstream from mines and deposits in the Idaho Cobalt Belt (ICB), the largest Co resource in the USA. To evaluate potential contamination in ecosystems in the ICB, mine waste, stream sediment, soil, and water were collected and analyzed for Cu, Co, As and Fe in this area. Concentrations of Cu in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines in the ICB ranged from 390 to 19,000 μg/g, exceeding the USEPA target clean-up level and the probable effect concentration (PEC) for Cu of 149 μg/g in sediment; PEC is the concentration above which harmful effects are likely in sediment dwelling organisms. In addition concentrations of Cu in mine runoff and stream water collected proximal to mines were highly elevated in the ICB and exceeded the USEPA chronic criterion for aquatic organisms of 6.3 μg/L (at a water hardness of 50 mg/L) and an LC50 concentration for rainbow trout of 14 μg/L for Cu in water. Concentrations of Co in mine waste and stream sediment collected proximal to mines varied from 14 to 7400 μg/g and were highly elevated above regional background concentrations, and generally exceeded the USEPA target clean-up level of 80 μg/g for Co in sediment. Concentrations of Co in water were as high as in 75,000 μg/L in the ICB, exceeding an LC50 of 346 μg/L for rainbow trout for Co in water by as much as two orders of magnitude, likely indicating an adverse effect on trout. Mine waste and stream sediment collected in the ICB also contained highly elevated As concentrations that varied from 26 to 17,000 μg/g, most of which exceeded the PEC of 33 μg/g and the USEPA target clean-up level of 35 μg/g for As in sediment. Conversely, most water samples had As concentrations that were below the 150 μg/L chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms and the USEPA target clean-up level of 14 μg/L. There is abundant Fe oxide in streams in the ICB and several samples of mine runoff and stream water exceeded the chronic criterion for protection of aquatic organisms of 1000 μg/L for Fe. There has been extensive remediation of mined areas in the ICB, but because some mine waste remaining in the area contains highly elevated Cu, Co, As and Fe, inhalation or ingestion of mine waste particulates may lead to human exposure to these elements. 相似文献
18.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
19.
The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of 4 Ca-containing minerals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: vesuvianitel κ′ a=9.93 tan δ=0.006 κ′ c=9.79 tan δ=0.005 vesuvianitel κ′ a=10.02 tan δ=0.002 κ′ c=9.85 tan δ=0.003 zoisite1 κ′ a =10.49 tan δ=0.0006 κ′ b =15.31 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c=9.51 tan δ=0.0008 zoisite2 κ′ a =10.55 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ b =15.45 tan δ=0.0013 κ′ c=9.39 tan δ=0.0008 epidote κ′ 11= 9.52 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ 22=17.1 tan δ=0.0009 κ′ 33= 9.37 tan δ=0.0006 fluorapatite1 κ′ a =10.48 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c = 8.72 tan δ=0.0114 fluorapatite2 κ′ a =10.40 tan δ=0.0010 κ′ c=8.26 tan δ=0.0178 The deviation (δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α D (mineral)=∑ α D (oxides) for vesuvianite is ～ 0.5%. The large deviations of epidote and zoisite from the additivity rule with Δ=+ 10.1 and + 11.7%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” Ca ions. The combined effects of both a large F thermal parameter and possible F-ion conductivity in fluorapatite are believed to be responsible for Δ=+2–3%. Although variation of oxygen polarizability with oxygen molar volume (Vo) is believed to affect the total polarizabilities, the variation of Vo in these Ca minerals is too small to observe the effect. 相似文献
20.
Geochemistry and petrology of selected coal samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Harvey E. Belkin Susan J. Tewalt James C. Hower J.D. Stucker J.M.K. O'Keefe 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2009,77(3-4):260-268
Indonesia has become the world's largest exporter of thermal coal and is a major supplier to the Asian coal market, particularly as the People's Republic of China is now (2007) and perhaps may remain a net importer of coal. Indonesia has had a long history of coal production, mainly in Sumatra and Kalimantan, but only in the last two decades have government and commercial forces resulted in a remarkable coal boom. A recent assessment of Indonesian coal-bed methane (CBM) potential has motivated active CBM exploration. Most of the coal is Paleogene and Neogene, low to moderate rank and has low ash yield and sulfur (generally < 10 and < 1 wt.%, respectively). Active tectonic and igneous activity has resulted in significant rank increase in some coal basins. Eight coal samples are described that represent the major export and/or resource potential of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. Detailed geochemistry, including proximate and ultimate analysis, sulfur forms, and major, minor, and trace element determinations are presented. Organic petrology and vitrinite reflectance data reflect various precursor flora assemblages and rank variations, including sample composites from active igneous and tectonic areas. A comparison of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) elements abundance with world and US averages show that the Indonesian coals have low combustion pollution potential. 相似文献