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砂砾岩储层中的低渗—特低渗砂岩对储层整体油气运聚、成藏起到了重要影响。利用恒速压汞技术探讨石臼坨凸起陡坡带东三段扇三角洲砂砾岩储层中不同渗透率级别的低渗—特低渗砂岩储层微观孔喉分布特征及不同尺度孔喉的物性贡献。研究表明:(1)低渗—特低渗砂岩和常规砂岩相比具有孔隙大小中等,喉道半径偏小,孔喉比异常大的特点。渗透率受孔喉半径变化影响更明显,大半径喉道数量和分布是影响储层渗流能力的关键因素;(2)低渗—特低渗砂岩孔隙主控进汞区是控制流体流动最有效最主要的空间,渗透率越高,孔隙主控区的喉道半径范围越大。孔喉过渡进汞区进汞贡献主要来自孔隙和喉道联合进汞,随着喉道半径减小,细喉道逐渐成为流体储集和流动的主要空间;喉道主控区渗透率贡献也很低,微细喉道及微喉道是进汞主体空间,孔隙贡献基本为0,该阶段流体流动能力受喉道半径变化影响较大。随着渗透率增加,低渗—特低渗砂岩渗流能力的决定性喉道半径值从1~2μm增大到3~4μm。基于恒速压汞技术的低渗—特低渗砂岩微观孔喉定量表征填补了渤海海域相关研究的空白,从而有助于实现该类储层全面准确的储层评价。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地致密油储层微观孔喉结构定量分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对鄂尔多斯盆地致密油储层特点,利用世界领先的微米-纳米级CT扫描、场发射扫描电镜和恒速压汞等技术,对储层孔隙喉道、孔喉配置关系和填隙物等微观结构进行系统研究。研究结果表明,孔隙大小决定致密油储层的储集能力,储层孔隙平均半径约为0.5~10μm;喉道大小是开发下限主要制约因素,喉道半径主要分布在0.3~0.9μm;渗透率低的储层孔喉比大,喉道制约孔隙中流体的移动,控制储层输导能力。孔隙中填隙物含量高且以伊利石为主,伊利石粒度小、可塑性强,水化膨胀后易发生运移堵塞孔道,使储层渗透性降低,降低孔隙的输导能力。 相似文献
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致密油储层孔喉结构复杂,非均质性强,现有的单一实验技术无法将其全孔径进行有效表征。在分析目前表征方法的基础上,通过铸体薄片、扫描电子显微镜、高压压汞及恒速压汞等实验,综合研究了陕北定边地区延长组长7段致密油储层孔隙结构特征,通过联合压汞法,探讨了致密油联通孔隙的孔径大小及分布特征,细分了孔喉类型。结果表明,高压压汞表征的孔喉半径分布在0.003 6～40μm,大于1μm的样品占比约12.5%;恒速压汞表征的孔隙半径分布在80～300μm,喉道半径分布范围为0.12～10μm。全孔径曲线表征孔径分布在0.003 6～300μm,二者重叠区域分布在0.12～40μm,结合全孔径分布频率,探索性的将定边地区长7段的储集空间孔喉类型划分为8个区域,最终认为研究区目的层多集中发育中孔、大孔、纳米级孔喉及微—细喉道。这将为致密油储层孔喉大小及储集空间研究提供一种新思路和新手段,意义深远。 相似文献
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为深入探讨深层高压低渗透砂岩油藏储层微观孔喉特征,开展了岩心样品的恒速压汞测试。结果表明,储层孔道大小及分布性质差异不大,孔隙半径呈正态分布,主峰分布在100～300μm;喉道半径是控制储层性质的主要因素,渗透率与喉道半径的相关性好于其与孔隙半径的相关性。储层有效喉道半径、有效孔隙半径、有效喉道体积、有效孔隙体积、有效孔喉半径比等孔喉特征参数与物性参数具有较好的相关关系。高渗透率岩样的有效孔喉半径比较低,且有效孔喉半径比分布频率较高。渗透性越好,孔喉半径比越低,且其分布越集中。分析认为,恒速压汞的孔喉特征参数中排驱压力(pT)、中值压力(pc50)、最大进汞饱和度(SHgmax)小于常规压汞的,最大连通孔喉半径(Rmax)、中值半径(r50)大于常规压汞的。相对于常规压汞,恒速压汞获得的孔喉特征参数更准确。 相似文献
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通过恒速压汞实验,结合孔隙度和渗透率的测试,分析了莺歌海盆地东方区黄流组储层微观孔喉特征及其对储层物性的影响。结果表明:东方区黄流组储层以中孔、中-低渗为主,储层物性差异较大;储层孔隙半径分布相对集中,喉道半径及"孔喉比"非均质性较强;物性较差的储层小喉道所占比例较高,"孔喉比"较大,而物性较好的储层大喉道所占比例较高,"孔喉比"较小;喉道大小及其分布是影响储层渗透率大小的关键因素,储层的渗透性主要由所占比例较小的大喉道控制;受沉积作用的影响,莺歌海盆地东方区黄流组储层平均喉道半径小是低渗储层形成的主要原因。 相似文献
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南梁-华池地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地的湖盆中心,长8层紧邻上部优质烃源岩,是鄂尔多斯盆地勘探开发的重点层系之一。为探究该区不同物性储层微观孔喉结构特征及差异,通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞、恒速压汞等方法,系统研究了南梁-华池地区长81储层微观孔隙结构,对比分析了研究区不同物性样品微观孔喉结构差异及其成因。研究结果表明,南梁-华池地区长81储层微观孔隙结构复杂多样,微观非均质性较强;随着渗透率的增大,孔喉变异系数、分选系数越大,微观均质系数越小,储层微观非均质性越强;渗透率大于1 mD的储层,大孔喉数量相对较多,连通孔喉半径比、迂曲度较小,孔喉结构多呈“通道型”型,渗透率贡献率主要依靠少数半径大于6μm的连通喉道,而渗透率小于1 mD的储层,连通孔喉半径比较大,孔喉结构多呈“束口袋”型,渗透率贡献率主要由其喉道半径峰值区间的小喉道决定。不同储层物性的微观孔喉差异主要由沉积、成岩差异而形成的。研究区水下分流河道、河口坝主砂带沉积粒度相对较粗,孔隙衬里状绿泥石薄膜发育,薄膜厚度可达10～25μm,可增加岩石颗粒的抗压强度和抑制后期碳酸盐、硅质胶结,有... 相似文献
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致密气储层孔喉分形特征及其与渗流的关系--以鄂尔多斯盆地下石盒子组盒8段为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取鄂尔多斯盆地盒8段16块致密砂岩样品进行恒速压汞测试,结合同位样品核磁共振实验,分析了致密气储层孔喉分布特征;在此基础上,运用分形几何原理和方法,开展了致密气储层孔喉分形研究,并表征了分形与储层渗流特征和孔隙结构参数的关系。结果表明:致密气储层有效孔隙被亚微米-微米级孔喉所控制,其中孔隙主要为大孔和中孔,喉道由微喉道、微细喉道和细喉道所组成;致密气储层孔隙分布不具分形特征,而孔喉整体和喉道则符合分形结构,且分别对应分形维数D1和D2;基于储层孔喉分形结构与其渗流特征,将盒8段致密气储层孔喉分形结构划分为2种类型:Ⅰ型表现为阶段式分形特征,以进汞压力1 MPa为界,大于1 MPa孔喉具有分形特征,且储层阶段进汞饱和度主要由喉道贡献,反之,孔喉不符合分形特征,其进汞饱和度增量由孔隙贡献;Ⅱ型为整体式分形,进汞饱和度几乎全由喉道贡献。储层孔喉分形维数与渗透率、平均喉道半径和主流喉道半径存在较好的负相关性,与微观非均质系数呈现较明显的正相关性,而与孔隙度、平均孔隙半径和平均孔喉半径比之间没有明显的相关性。 相似文献
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陆相致密砂岩储层作为一种非常规储集体,具有复杂的孔喉组合类型,研究其微观孔隙结构对于认识致密砂岩储层特征具有重要的意义。在充分调研国内外致密储层微观孔隙结构分类方法的基础上,应用铸体薄片、场发射扫描电镜、压汞分析等资料,对镇泾地区长8致密砂岩储层的孔隙结构类型进行了分类研究。研究表明,镇泾地区长8致密砂岩储层发育多种孔隙类型,主要包括原生残余粒间孔、溶蚀扩大粒间孔、溶蚀粒内孔和以高岭石晶间孔为主的微孔隙群。喉道类型以弯片状为主,结合喉道大小与可动流体饱和度的相关性分析,进一步将喉道分为宽片状、窄片状和极窄片状。建立了以粒间孔-弯片状喉道、粒内孔-弯片状喉道以及微孔隙群-弯片状喉道为基础的3种基本孔喉组合类型,并进一步以喉道大小为基础,划分出7种孔喉组合类型。不同的孔喉组合类型形成于不同的沉积成岩背景,具有不同的物性特征、压汞参数特征,为致密砂岩储层分类提供了坚实的地质基础。 相似文献
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以常规压汞、铸体图像、扫描电镜和薄片观察为基础,结合恒速压汞测试,对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区长8低渗透砂岩储层微观孔隙结构特征进行研究。结果表明,姬塬地区长8储层孔隙类型多样,以残余粒间孔为主,孔隙结构可划分为4种类型。恒速压汞测试表明,姬塬长8储层为大孔细喉型。与特低渗透储层相比,超低渗透储层喉道分布范围更集中,小喉道所占比例更大,孔喉半径比分布范围更宽。特低、超低渗透储层差异主要体现在喉道的大小和分布上,喉道控制储层品质及渗流能力。在低渗透砂岩储层的开发中应尤其注重孔喉间的配置关系。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献