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以多角度评价地下水资源当前现状为目的,对水资源水文地质图数据采集及地下水资源评价方法进行研究。该方法使用GIS系统结合无人机搭载相机方式获取水资源水文地质图像,经过大气辐射误差校正、图像去噪和图数据融合处理后,获取水资源水文地质图数据,构建地下水资源评价指标体系;使用层次分析方法和GIS空间叠加分析方法构建地下水资源评价模型,以各评价指标为模型输入,输出地下水资源评价等级。最后以河南省为研究对象进行实验,实验结果表明,该方法可快速绘制高精度水资源水文地质图,可从多个方面对水资源使用功能进行评价,效果较好,能够为水资源合理规划利用提供有效的技术方法。 相似文献
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张勃夫 《水文地质工程地质》2001,(5)
《松嫩盆地地下水资源与可持续发展研究》由林学钰、陈梦熊等著 ,地震出版社出版 ,以松嫩盆地为典型地区 ,划分和论述了区域地下水系统 ;计算和评价了天然水资源和可利用水资源 ;分级评价了地下水质量 ,并预测了其发展趋势 ;评价了地下水环境脆弱性 ,并对存在的生态环境地质问题进行了定量评价 ;建立了生态环境脆弱地区的水资源开发模式。对当前国土资源大调查及生态环境脆弱地区的水资源开发与生态环境协调发展的研究有重要的指导意义。《松嫩盆地地下水资源与可持续发展研究》@张勃夫 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地南缘平原区地下水动态及地下水资源可持续利用对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
准噶尔盆地南缘平原区是新疆地下水开发利用程度较高的地区之一,水资源短缺是严重制约区内经济发展的主要因素.研究和分析区内地下水位变化趋势和特征及由于地下水开采引发的一系列环境地质问题,对盆地南缘地下水资源评价、地下水合理开发利用和地质环境保护具重要指导意义.从区内30年来地下水位时间和空间变化分析入手,阐述了盆地南缘因人类经济活动引起的水位持续下降和地下水开采量持续增加特征及地下水开采引发的环境地质问题,为今后区内地下水资源评价及开发利用提供较好依据. 相似文献
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本文以河西走廊黑河中游八灌区为例,利用ESRI公司的MapObjects开发的河西走廊水文地质信息系统(HXSIS)为平台,具体阐述了研究区内地下水均衡计算、地下水数值模拟、地下水资源评价及合理配置等与GIS的有机结合,对于改善地下水勘查的工作效率,提高水资源计算与评价精度,达到对水文地质实体的准确认识,分析河西走廊地下水资源开发利用潜力,评价与地下水资源开发利用有关的地质生态环境问题,具有重要的实际意义。 相似文献
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地下水可持续开采量的确定与评价既是合理开发地下水资源的基础,又是水文地质学研究中的难点.为克服没有统一的评价标准以及对众多约束条件难以定量化计算的难点,本文从提高流域内整体水资源的利用率出发,综合考虑了流域水资源整体开发利用效益和生态环境需水,以及人工调蓄作用对地下水系统的影响作用,提出了流域地下水可持续开采量的概念;论述了所提出概念的内涵;建立了由流域水循环模拟模型、水资源开发综合效益模型和可持续开采量优化模型组成的流域地下水可持续开采量的评价体系,将流域水循环模拟模型作为研究平台,以水资源开发的综合效益模型作为选优依据,以不同生态环境需水条件为约束条件,对施加其上的各种不同调控措施进行模拟,最后通过性价比的综合分析与评估,得到可持续开发方案下的流域地下水可持续开采量.以吉林省饮马河流域为例展开实例应用,确定饮马河流域最满意的开发模式下,即水库高比例供水(水库供水4.850×108m3),保证河道适宜生态需水时,饮马河流域地下水可持续开采量为2.516×108m3/a. 相似文献
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地下水资源是衡水市水资源的重要组成部分,对全市经济发展和社会稳定起到了举足轻重的作用.20世纪80年代首次开展了水资源评价,二十多年来,由于水资源的外部环境发生了较大变化,导致了地下水资源的较大变化.本文通过对"衡水市第二次水资源评价"中地下水资源量与原"华北地区水资源评价与开发利用研究"中衡水市地下水资源数量及组成结构的对比分析,简要介绍了二次地下水资源评价的特点及主要成果,并分析了衡水市地下水资源的变化规律. 相似文献
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通过对新疆准噶尔盆地西北缘白杨河流域水资源特征的分析,阐述了区内水资源开发利用现状,指出水资源开发利用存在地表水与地下水统一规划缺失、灌溉方式落后、开发利用缺乏全局观念以及对水与生态环境缺乏系统研究等的主要问题,提出加强流域综合分析研究,改变落后灌溉方式、对地表水和地下水实行统一管理开发、加强地下水动态监测等措施,对流域地表水与地下水资源进行合理开发利用。 相似文献
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新疆地下水资源开发利用中存在问题及对策 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
本文应用水文地质学理论,分析了新疆地下水的分布、形成规律及特点,运用水资源系统理论,从管理角度分析了新疆地下水资源评价及地下水开发利用规划设计、地下水开发利用现状、地下水管理等方面存在的问题,以社会经济、生态环境、资源可持续发展为基点,提出地下水资源开发利用规划及管理应遵守的原则,对地表水、地下水要统一评价、统一规划、统一管理.要重视前期工作,加强基础研究,合理开发利用地下水资源,并提出了具体的对策与措施. 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献