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1.
河西走廊中部一次暴雨过程的天气学诊断 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2012年7月29日13时至30日03时河西走廊中部遭遇暴雨袭击,利用常规高空和地面资料、区域加密雨量站资料、FY-2静止卫星云图以及6 h一次1°×1°的NCEP再分析资料,对此次暴雨发生前后的天气环流背景及影响系统、物理量特征和卫星云图以及中尺度系统的发生发展进行了天气学综合诊断分析。结果表明:此次暴雨发生在非常有利的大尺度天气背景下,高、低层均为"东高西低"的流场配置,影响的环流系统是巴尔喀什湖冷槽,暴雨发生时高层辐散、低层辐合,形成了强烈的抽吸作用;对流层内出现强烈的上升运动,中低层流场的配置有利于水汽的输送和汇聚;500 hPa垂直螺旋度的分布与天气系统和强降水有很好的对应关系,700 hPa柴达木暖性低涡及地面中尺度系统为不稳定能量的储存和暴雨提供了动力条件,从兰州至河西的强暖湿平流的发展为暴雨提供了热力条件;暴雨发生期间有多个中尺度对流云团在该区域上空活动,表明暴雨过程中存在明显的中小尺度系统。 相似文献
2.
利用地面加密观测资料、多普勒天气雷达回波强度、卫星云图TBB资料和NCEP 1°×1°分析资料,应用滤波和广义位涡理论, 对2012年6月1—2日云南省中部的首场切变冷锋型暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:中尺度天气系统是该次暴雨产生的直接原因, 强降水均发生在云顶亮温等值线梯度较大一侧,回波强度空间分布不均匀,回波发展高度较低,但回波结构致密,低质心,以液态降水粒子为主,因此降水分布不均匀,但降水效率高;水汽源地为孟加拉湾;低层水汽通量辐合带与冷锋、切变线、中尺度辐合线以及β中尺度低涡位置有较好的对应关系;700 hPa,850 hPa水汽通量强辐合区中心位置叠加时,其所在区域地面降水增强;强降水区域上空中低层广义湿位涡的正异常现象体现了降水区中低层高水汽集中特征;单站上空低层的广义湿位涡正异常增加时,地面降水强度增加,反之减小;800 hPa广义湿位涡正异常区对地面降水分布有一定指示作用,但暴雨中心与广义湿位涡强中心并不完全重合。 相似文献
3.
使用2000年5月22－25日500hPa、700hPa、850hPa以及地面天气图资料，描述了当年5月24日发生在湖北境内一次暴雨天气过程的高空和地面天气形势；同时根据武汉暴雨研究MAPS模式提供的有关物理量格点场资料，对此次暴雨天气过程的能量场、散度场、涡度场与水流通量散度场进行了分析。其结果表明，中低层低涡、切变线以及地面中尺度耦合带是形式这次暴雨过程的主要天气系统，且地面中尺度辐合系统与大暴雨落区存在很好的对应关系。 相似文献
4.
利用中尺度暴雨模式较成功地模拟了2002年7月22～23日发生在长江中游的暴雨中尺度天气系统，结合地面加密和常规观测资料对暴雨中尺度天气系统进行了较为详细的分析。结果表明：(1)大别山西侧的暴雨由中α尺度切变线上中β尺度低涡造成，湘鄂交界地带的暴雨由切变线上气旋性扰动造成。(2)高空槽前的正涡度平流为暴雨中尺度系统形成提供了启动机制：在正涡度平流的作用下，对流层中低层降压产生变压风辐合造成上升运动，低层暖湿气流抬升促使对流不稳定能量爆发形成局地对流产生暴雨。 相似文献
5.
利用NCEP再分析资料和天津多普勒雷达等资料,对2008年7月14—15日发生在河北唐山及天津一带的暴雨过程进行了分析,并通过MM5数值模拟阐述了雷达资料分析的正确性。结果表明:此次大暴雨发生在中低纬天气系统相互作用的背景下,700hPa高空槽、850hPa低涡及地面中尺度辐合线是引发此次暴雨主要影响系统;低空急流是暴雨主要的水汽来源;低空辐合高层辐散、锋面抬升是暴雨系统发展的动力机制;对流层中部冷空气活动引起的西南低空急流脉动与暴雨的增幅有密切关系;涡旋状和带状回波是主要降水回波。 相似文献
6.
利用滤波原理提取出大气流场中的次天气尺度和中尺度信息，再把大尺度和中尺度水平风场分别分解为正压分量（垂直平均）和斜压分量（扰动）流场。对1998年7月21～22日发生在武汉附近的强暴雨过程进行了次天气尺度与中尺度流场正、斜压分量演变特征的分析。结果表明：次天气尺度与中尺度流场正压分量的演变与此次强暴雨的酝酿、发展和消亡具有内在的联系；次天气尺度与中尺度流场高层200hPa斜压分量很强，低层850hPa正压分量很强；次天气尺度与中尺度流场斜压性占主导地位，随着暴雨的发展，中尺度流场的正压性减弱而斜压性进一步增强，而次天气尺度流场的正压性增强而斜压性减弱。以上结论对于揭示中尺度暴雨过程发生发展的本质有一定的意义。 相似文献
7.
利用常规和地面加密气象观测资料、卫星云图、NCEP再分析资料及中尺度模式MM5,对2006年7月23日一次阻塞型华北暴雨过程进行了诊断分析和数值模拟。结果表明,此次暴雨过程发生在以东西伯利亚阻塞高压为典型特征的大尺度鞍型场的背景下,宽广的低压区及高、低空急流次级环流为中尺度对流系统(MCS)的发生、发展提供了适宜的环境和动力强迫;700hPa和850hPa天气尺度的偏西水汽输送和低涡北侧的偏东水汽输送改善了环北京地区的水汽条件,暴雨发生前850hPa中尺度西南水汽输送对北京暴雨的发生有直接影响;MM5模式再现了导致MCS的形成及演变过程;中-β尺度MCS是这次暴雨的直接触发系统,其水平尺度约为0.5个经距,垂直方向由地面伸展到300hPa左右,具有典型的暖心结构,辐合、辐散中心分别位于900hPa和400hPa;MCS北侧强垂直次级环流为强对流的产生创造了有利条件。同时,MCS南侧相当位温的强梯度高能区及该区域的不稳定能量输送也是暴雨发生的重要条件。 相似文献
8.
渭河流域一次致洪暴雨过程的中尺度滤波分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用常规高空观测资料和NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°的再分析资料以及25点低通滤波技术,对2003年8月28—29日发生在渭河流域的一次致洪暴雨进行了中尺度分析和探讨,分析出中尺度环流演变特征,总结了渭河流域致洪暴雨的概念模型,认为这次暴雨过程中在以西南气流为主的平均气流场上隐藏着尺度较中尺度平均流场小得多的涡旋,其移动方向和发展程度决定了强降水落区及其强度;高空西风风速脉动与低层南风风速脉动耦合形成了中尺度次级环流圈,其上升支为强降水提供了足够的动力抬升机制;而850 hPa低空急流、700 hPa中尺度低涡、南风脉动以及高空西风风速脉动等条件的合理配置是中尺度次级环流形成的必备因素;地面中尺度辐合线是本次暴雨的触发机制。 相似文献
9.
《干旱气象》2020,(3)
利用多元观测和探测资料及NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,诊断2019年8月1日河南省一次分散性对流暴雨过程。结果表明:(1)副热带高压边缘西南暖湿气流与西风槽携带的冷空气在河南上空交汇,高空急流的强大动力作用等,是本次暴雨天气的大尺度环流背景;(2)过程发生前700、850 hPa系统呈前倾结构,郑州站CAPE值达1717.8 J·kg~(-1),850 hPa与500 hPa温差大于27℃、850 hPa比湿大于14 g·kg~(-1);(3)700 hPa低涡和切变线、850 hPa切变线及地面弱冷空气是触发对流的中α尺度系统;出流边界、地面辐合线及中β尺度低压是触发对流的中β尺度系统;(4)当出流边界远离雷暴母体并移速较快时不易触发对流,但若与另一出流边界或中尺度辐合线、中尺度低压等相结合时,则易触发新的对流;(5)后向传播的新生单体在引导气流作用下不断向下游移动,易产生列车效应,利于暴雨发生;(6)基于诊断分析结果归纳出此次对流暴雨的天气概念模型。 相似文献
10.
利用常规观测资料\, 卫星观测的高时空分辨率TBB资料以及客观分析资料, 对2002年6月22~23日(“02.6”)一次非典型的梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了天气分析。在此基础上, 利用中尺度数值模式MM5对此次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了数值模拟, 并分析了暴雨中尺度系统的结构特征。结果表明： （1）天气分析显示, “02.6”梅雨锋暴雨过程与α中尺度低涡的东移发展和对流层低层的两支低空急流的增强发展有关。对流层低层700 hPa为一个缓慢东移与南压的东北西南向冷式切变线, 暖式切变线不太明显, 这与通常的江淮切变线梅雨锋暴雨不同。对流层500 hPa的副热带高压非常强, 高层200 hPa对流层高层的反气旋环流非常强并与高空急流相伴, 南亚高压中心位于我国江南地区。（2）TBB资料分析表明, 此次暴雨过程产生与多个β中尺度系统合并发展成α中尺度系统以及此后从α中尺度系统中不断分裂出β中尺度系统发展演变密切相关; 强中尺度对流系统主要在中尺度低涡冷、 暖切变线的的南侧发生和发展, 并不是在中尺度低涡的冷暖切变线上发展。（3）垂直结构分析显示： 在中尺度系统开始发展阶段, 中尺度系统具有强的垂直于剖面的风分量切变、 低空急流核以及高空强辐散低空强辐合, 这有利于中尺度系统的发展; 当中尺度低涡发展到相对成熟的阶段, 其后部不断分裂出中小尺度系统, 对流层低层的θe具有明显暖心结构, 由于气块绝热上升冷却效应比对流潜热释放作用强, 导致在800~600 hPa层上 θe比环境的低, 加之在强上升运动的顶部两侧的下沉补偿气流也比较弱, 这不利于中尺度低涡的维持。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献