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浅成低温热液型金矿床研究的某些进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
浅成低温热液型金矿床成矿流体在较深处(3～4km)发生相分离的同时导致不同成矿元素和载矿元素进入不同的相态,从而形成不同性质流体,其中富挥发S的气水相在高压下有很强的载矿能力,对特定矿化类型形成具有决定性意义。流体在向浅成低温环境演化过程中,携带大量成矿物质的气水相必须转化成液相才可能导致浅成低温成矿(深度1～2km),这个过程与含水的岩浆房冷却密切相关。通过冷却加压,富挥发S的气体在水盐体系的两相界面以上可转变为液体,将成矿元素Au等运移至浅部。浅成低温热液矿床与卡林型矿床均可形成于大陆裂谷环境,前者的高硫化类型与后者在流体性质、蚀变特征、成矿特征等方面具有明显的相似性和可比性。富碲型矿床的Te很可能是在相分离过程中以Te2(g)和H2Te(g)的形式进入气相,并在浅部被地下水吸收,形成Ag(HTe)2-和Au(HTe)2-络合物,伴随着流体的冷却和环境变化,使得碲化物沉淀。少硫(碲)化物特富金的浅成低温热液型矿床金可能以金硅络合物或是金硅合金氢化物形式进行搬运,在浅部SiO2和Au沉淀形成特富金矿。 相似文献
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黑龙江三道湾子金矿一种新的结晶质Au-Te化合物 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
化合物Au2Te产于黑龙江省三道湾子金矿含金石英脉的碲化物脉中,呈球状(20~35μm)分布在碲金银矿裂隙中,由碲金矿“外皮”(2.5μm) 包裹。Au2Te球体可独立存在也可为多个球体由“外皮”的碲金矿细脉相连呈串珠状,其内部有时见有团粒状或不规则状自然金。该物质在反光镜下具弱非均质性,与相邻矿物界线清楚。探针测得该化合物化学成分稳定,计算化学式为(Au0.85Ag0.1)2Te1.00~(Au0.95Ag0.09)2Te1.00,简化化学式为Au2Te。据XRD分析结果,其强峰为2.3510、2.0730、2.9316、3.0191,与数据库对比无此类矿物。认为Au2Te 是一种新的Au-Te 晶质体的化合物,很有可能是一种新矿物,是碲金矿和自然金2种矿物反应的产物。 相似文献
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我国某些金矿床中金银碲化物矿物的共生关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
结合Au-Ag-Te三元系的实验矿物学结果,对我国金驹山 、银坑山、归来庄和驾鹿四 个金矿床中的金银碲化物矿物的共生组合特征进行了研究,并阐明了金银碲化物矿物在时空 关系上的共生组合和禁生关系特征。研究表明,金银碲化物是该类型金矿床中最重要的一类 矿物,其产出的种类和数量取决于成矿体系溶液中Au、Ag、Te元素的浓度及其含量比值;而 成矿体系中碲金银矿、碲银矿等低温同质多像变体的存在,反映了该类型矿床形成于成矿温 度和压力较低的环境条件下。 相似文献
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黑龙江三道湾子金矿Au-Ag-Te系列矿物特征及其成矿流体 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本文采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和电子探针对黑龙江省三道湾子金矿中Au-Ag-Te系列矿物碲银矿、碲金银矿、针碲金银矿、斜方碲金矿和碲金矿进行了详细的矿物学研究,本次研究还发现Au2Te的存在。碲化物矿物多呈粒状或脉状分布于石英或硫化物矿物的裂隙中。Au-Ag-Te系列矿物中,Au含量与Ag含量呈负相关性,与Te含量呈弱的负相关性。结合Au-Ag-Te成分共生图解及镜下特征对金银碲化物矿物共生组合进行分析表明Te优先与Ag结合形成碲银矿或碲金银矿,只有成矿流体中Ag被大量消耗后,Te才与Au结合形成针碲金银矿、斜方碲金矿、碲金矿,最后当成矿流体中Te也被大量消耗后,Au才会形成自然金。氦、氩同位素研究表明石英—黄铁矿阶段流体包裹体中3He/4He值为0.01～0.03Ra,金银碲化物阶段3He/4He值为0.08～1.04Ra,指示金银碲化物阶段有大量地幔物质参与。 相似文献
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对含碲金矿中碲化物物相组成和元素赋存特征开展系统的研究,有助于对此类金矿矿床成因的理解和找矿勘查工作。山东金青顶金矿床伴生的碲化物由于碲化物颗粒较小,不易被发现,以往的研究缺乏对碲化物元素分布的精细刻画。本文通过电子探针背散射图像、波谱分析、能谱分析结合面扫描技术对金青顶金矿床碲化物进行了分析,研究碲化物的种类、共生关系、化学成分以及元素分布特征等。结果表明:碲金银矿与碲银矿密切共生,常形成连生体,Au、Ag在连生体中不均匀分布,面扫描图局部可见碲金矿亮斑;Te总是优先和Ag结合,生成碲银矿,随着Ag的消耗碲金银矿开始出现,Ag被耗尽后Te与Au生成碲金矿,成矿后期热液中多余的金与碲金银矿或碲银矿反应生成非常规碲化物(如本文发现的Ag2.95Au1.83Te),当Te消耗完后生成自然金;金银矿物的生长顺序是碲银矿—碲金银矿—碲金矿—自然金。本研究为含碲金矿的综合利用提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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日本的浅成低温热液金矿床可分为Se型和Te型。Se型矿床产于沉积岩及火山岩中,而所有的Te型矿床则赋存于火山岩内。将这类矿床的地质学、矿物学和地球化学特征与伴随浅成矿化活动地热系统的特点进行比较表明:(1)Se型和Te型矿床形成于同一地热系统的两个不同部位;(2)Te型矿床的形成比Se型更靠近热源;(3)在比酸式硫酸盐型更远离火山中央的矿化区形成Te型矿床;(4)火山成因的SO_2气体的影响及主岩的类型是造成矿液化学性质(氧活度、硫活度、pH值、硫同位素成分)不同的重要因素,它们对日本的Se型和Te型浅成低温热液金矿床的形成起了重要的作用。 相似文献
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浅成低温热液金银多金属矿床矿化分带及找矿标志 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
自20世纪70年代环太平洋地区发现大批浅成低温热液型矿床以来,浅成低温热液矿床业已成为贵金属矿床和Cu、Pb、Zn等有色金属矿床的重要工业类型。文章依据主要工业组分对我国浅成低温热液Au、Ag多金属矿床进行了分类,并讨论了成矿系列及矿化分带特征,即按成矿深度浅成低温热液Au、Ag多金属矿床自下而上可分为:Au-Cu/Cu-Au矿床;Au/Au(Ag)矿床;Au-Ag矿床;Ag/Ag多金属矿床;Pb-Zn-Ag矿床。同时,根据我国浅成低温热液Au、Ag多金属矿床特征尝试性提出了浅成低温热液型银矿床的成矿规律与找矿标志。 相似文献
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二十一站-宝兴沟( 铜) 金矿床( 点) 位于上黑龙江断陷盆地的东南部。区域地质背景及典型矿床研究表明,矿床不仅受NE 向断裂构造控制,还受其同期的岩浆岩控制。对宝兴沟金矿床的流体包裹体测试结果、矿床围岩蚀变和与火山穹窿构造间的关系等研究,表明宝兴沟金矿可能是中硫型浅成低温热液型矿床,二十一站和十五里桥( 铜) 金矿床可能是高硫型浅成低温热液型矿床( 点) 。区域地质特征、遥感解译、航磁异常及Au、Ag、Cu 化探异常分布特征显示了本区可能存在两种环境的斑岩型--浅成低温热液型成矿热液系统。在此基础上,结合铜元素化探异常和火山穹窿等特征,提出了在十五桥金矿床、二十一站铜金矿一带寻找斑岩型铜钼矿化类型,在NW、NNE 向构造带内找寻与浅成低温热液系统有关的矿床。 相似文献
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我国首例碲金型浅成低温热液金矿床—山东平邑归来庄金矿床 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在详细研究山东平邑归来庄金矿地质地球化学特征的基础上，通过与国外类似矿床特征对比，确定该矿床是我国首例碲金型浅成低温热液金矿床。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献