共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
南水北调西线工程通天河—雅砻江调水区若干冻土环境问题研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
调水区多年冻土划分为３个区，冻土面积为１１×１０＾４ｋｍ＾２左右，约占全区面积的７２．４％，受全球气候变化及人类经济活动的影响，区内多年冻土处于退化状态。在全球气候持续变暖的情况下，未来５０ａ内，目前厚度小于１０ｍ的多年冻土和岛状多年冻土将消融殆尽，多年冻土面积将减少约１５％，冻土下界上升１５０－２００ｍ，气候变暖，使得性冻土层变薄，某些地段的多年冻土消失或变为深埋藏多年冻土等，则可降低工程造价， 相似文献
2.
东北北部多年冻土的退化现状及原因分析 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
在全球范围内,我国东北冻土区是受气候变暖和人为活动影响最显著的地区之一.近几十年来,区内冻土退化显著,大兴安岭多年冻土退化主要表现为多年冻土上限下降,温度升高,厚度减薄,融区扩大;多年冻土岛消失及多年冻土南界北移等几个方面.多年冻土退化的主要自然原因归结于气候变暖,特别是冬季变暖,降水和积雪时段和厚度等气候变化因素.以城镇化、重大工程建设为代表的人类活动,已对该区冻土和环境产生深刻影响,导致了多年冻土的快速、显著和大规模退化,但其影响机制的合理解释还需深入研究. 相似文献
3.
青藏铁路多年冻土工程地质综合分类探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据影响青藏高原多年冻土工程特性的地温分区和冻土类型，提出了冻土工程地质综合分类方法，结合青藏铁路多年冻土区工程设计和施工情况的实践，对铁路建设中如何应对全球气温变暖下冻土区工程安全提出了工程措施。 相似文献
4.
中国多年冻土区的总面积约占中国陆地面积的２２．４％，达２１５００００ｋｍ2。多年冻土的分布特征受气候条件在三度空间的变化所制约。自晚更新世以来，其分布情况已有相当的变化。在东次冰期最盛期，东北地区多年冻土南界曾推进到北纬４１—４２°，在全新世暖期，南界向北退缩，但晚更新世形成的冰楔和多年冻土至今仍存在于大兴安岭北部，全新世中期严寒期冻土有所扩展并形成冰楔。随着气候变化，中国西部高山和高原区高海拔冻土的分布下界已上移８００—１０００ｍ，但高山和高原的主要部分仍处于冰缘环境，有的地方在全新世还发育了共生型多年冻土。 相似文献
5.
青藏铁路多年冻土工程地质综合分类探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据影响青藏高原多年冻土工程特性的地温分区和冻土类型, 提出了冻土工程地质综合分类方法. 结合青藏铁路多年冻土区工程设计和施工情况的实践, 对铁路建设中如何应对全球气温变暖下冻土区工程安全提出了工程措施. 相似文献
6.
由于全球气温升高,导致多年冻土逐渐退化,严重影响上部构筑物的稳定性。尤其在日渐复杂的气候环境下,极端天气、气候的频繁发生,使得多年冻土区的地基承载力的变化更加复杂。以多年冻土区某高温、高含冰量地段为例,考虑太阳辐射、冻土相变、大气对流、气候变暖等因素,通过数值方法计算分析了某单桩竖向承载力在短期异常气候作用下的响应。结果表明：短期异常变暖气候对桩基承载力有降低作用,主要体现在降低桩土界面冻结强度,对冻结面积的大小基本没有影响,气候变暖对冻结强度影响时间长而且不可消除;升温幅度越高,承载力降低越强;极寒极暖交替期间,桩基的承载力随着外界气温波动,寒暖期交替过后对桩基承载力基本没有影响。 相似文献
7.
工程作用和气候转暖影响加剧了工程下部多年冻土的退化,导致冻土工程稳定性发生显著变化。本文从气候转暖和工程活动下多年冻土变化和冻融灾害的视角探讨了气候转暖与工程稳定性的关系,给出了青藏高原气候转暖下活动层厚度、冻土温度等变化和青藏公路和青藏铁路工程下部多年冻土上限、冻土温度和路基变形等特征。同时,系统梳理了青藏高原冻土工程防治冻土融化的工程技术措施,讨论了未来气候变暖下青藏高原多年冻土的变化特征及其对冻土工程服役性的影响。青藏高原多年冻土在过去数十年来发生了不同程度的退化,工程作用加速了工程下部多年冻土退化,严重影响工程稳定性。青藏铁路采取了冷却路基、降低多年冻土温度的技术措施,但冻土工程仅能适应气候变暖1 ℃的情况。未来气候变暖1.5 ℃,青藏铁路冻土工程的补强措施需尽早谋划。 相似文献
8.
东北北部冻土退化与寒区生态环境变化 总被引：12，自引：8，他引：4
我国东北地区位于中高纬度欧亚大陆东缘,大、小兴安岭多年冻土区是欧亚大陆高纬冻土区向南最突出的部位,属于高纬山地冻土.东北多年冻土区是我国,乃至全球范围内,受气候变暖和人为活动影响最显著的冻土区之一.过去40 a来该区冻土显著退化,主要表现在:1)冻土南界及不连续多年冻土各分区边界北移而导致总面积减小、空间分布破碎化;2)活动层加深,融区扩大,局地冻土岛消失;3)冻土温度升高、厚度减薄、热稳定性降低等.由于各种因素的共同影响,寒区生态环境也发生了一系列变化.这具体表现为以兴安落叶松占绝对优势的天然林带锐减,整个北方森林带北移,沼泽湿地面积减小等,寒区生态系统和环境已出现恶性循环.关注、研究、整治和管护寒区环境对区域社会、经济和生态可持续发展不可或缺. 相似文献
9.
在多年冻土区,道路工程建设会引起下伏冻土吸热融化,进而威胁上部工程稳定性,这一冻土问题是多年冻土区工程建设面对的重要问题.对于青藏高速公路而言,由于铺设高吸热性的沥青路面和路基幅面增宽引起的尺度效应,路基吸热量较普通路基将大幅增加,使得其冻土问题更为突出.基于此,利用数值仿真手段,考虑全球气候变暖背景,对宽幅路基修建完成后20 a的热状况进行预测研究和比较分析,阐明了宽幅面沥青路面热效应对下部土体热状态的影响及其与路基边坡水平热效应的综合贡献,比较分析了全幅修建和分幅修建条件下下伏冻土热状态的异同. 研究成果将为多年冻土区高速公路的路基稳定性研究和建设模式等提供基础理论指导. 相似文献
10.
气候变暖对黄河源区生态环境的影响 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
黄河源区位于多年冻土区,严酷寒冷的气候条件和冻土共同构建成一种特殊的冻结水环境,使地下水类型和水文地质结构均发生变化,与非冻土区有显著的差别,形成特殊的水文地质区。近几十年来,由于全球性气候温变暖,出现大面积冻土退化,以及过度放牧、鼠害加剧等原因,造成草场退化,沙漠化趋势日渐明显,严重地冲击着黄河河源区的水源养涵功能,导致黄河在源头段多次出现断流。通过水平衡计算,探讨了气候变暖对黄河源区多年冻土退化的影响,并阐述了冻结层上水环境变化和人类活动对生态环境的影响。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.