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太平洋铁锰结壳的锶同位素地球化学研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文研究中太平洋的翰斯顿岛卡林海山铁锰结壳ＲＤ４－２和东太平洋海盆铁锰结壳５４０５的锶同位素组成特征，并利用铁锰结壳的锶同位素组成与大洋海水锶同位素演化标准曲线对比，推断出结壳生长起始年龄、接三元混合模式，计算玄武质组分和硅铝质组分对锶同位素的贡献。 相似文献
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海洋锶同位素研究进展 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
近年来分析表明，海水锶同位素组成受锶的来源控制，其比值随时间与海平面的变化有内在联系，海洋锶同位素组成的变化反映了物质来源的重要信息。在全球范围内海水的锶同位素组成都是均一的，海水^87Sr/^86Sr比值随时间变化这一基本原理确立了锶同位素地层学。 相似文献
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本文根据冲绳海槽7028站柱状采样取回的岩心,从中挑选出浮游有孔虫壳体作氧同位素分析,从而绘出氧同位素组成相对于岩心深度的变化曲线,获得了该岩心氧同位素组成的变化特征,并作了简要讨论。 相似文献
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多金属结核锶铅同位素地球化学特征的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究东太平洋海盆多金属结核锶铅同位素地球化学特征。结果表明，结核中锶同位素与铅同位素不相关锶同位纱可用于划分和对比结核生长时代，而铅同位素能指示物源的性质。 相似文献
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河蚬分布的气候环境及壳体稳定同位素 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据实地考察和对现有资料的统计与分析,揭示中国大陆河蚬现生种主要分布在中国东南部年降水量大于800 mm(800~1400 mm)、1月平均气温大于0℃(0.5~4.5℃)、温暖湿润的淡水—微咸水河湖环境之中。河蚬壳体在生长过程中记录了气候环境和水体性质的信息。利用碳酸盐自动装置与Finnigan MAT-253型质谱仪联机对河蚬壳体δ18O和δ13C的值进行了系统测试,通过对比分析发现,壳体生长过程中由于生理效应和生态习性差异造成全壳的δ18O值变化较小,江苏一帆河、古黄河、江西绵江和云南滇池4个采样区(点)之间变化仅为1.4‰;河蚬壳体不同部位δ18O值记录了生长过程中的季节性温度变化;随纬度增高壳体δ13C值富集轻同位素组成,有变负的趋势;雨热同期气候环境下的一帆河、古黄河地区现代河蚬壳体碳氧同位素值在个体生长过程中变化位相非常相似,反映了壳体碳氧同位素值对气候环境的响应。 相似文献
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自1948年瑞典地质学家Wickman提出锶同位素地层学开始,海洋碳酸盐岩的锶同位素在探索地质历史过程中的古海平面、古气候变化和全球性构造运动方面,具有非常重要的应用价值。本文简述了目前海洋锶同位素的应用,并回顾了海洋锶物质来源及其同位素组成的研究历史,综述了近十年来的研究进展。自上世纪70年代以来,海洋锶物质来源研究一直是海洋地质学研究的热点之一。早期以陆源锶研究为主,获得了大陆众多主要河流的锶同位素组成数据,并估算了全球河流锶通量和组成特征。90年代以后,在大洋钻探计划和深海钻探计划的带动下,幔源锶研究得到了很大的发展,集中探讨了洋中脊高温热液与洋壳玄武岩的作用机制和向海洋输入的锶通量,初步认为海水与洋壳玄武岩主要发生同位素交换,同位素交换率随深度而降低,但玄武岩锶含量基本不变。与此同时,洋中脊侧翼和与弧相关环境洋壳的低温热液系统锶同位素组成的研究也取得了一定的成果。 相似文献
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为探讨2万年以来浮游有孔虫的壳体重量变化及其影响因素,对取自西菲律宾海MD06-3052岩芯的浮游有孔虫表层种Globigerinoides ruber进行壳体重量分析,基于氧同位素年龄模式,获得了2万年以来有孔虫传统壳体重量(WMS)和标准化壳体重量(WSN)变化特征。对比两种壳体重量指标,发现在本海区标准化壳体重量指标更为准确。结果表明,2万年以来,浮游有孔虫WSN具有不断变轻的趋势,整体表现为冰期时壳体重量较重,而全新世时壳体重量相对较轻的特征。末次冰盛期(Last Glacial Maximum,LGM)以来浮游有孔虫WSN变化曲线同大气CO2浓度变化曲线具有较好的相似性,推测在该海区控制壳体重量的主要因素为与全球大气CO2相关的表层海水的CO32–浓度。 相似文献
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本文采用国际大洋发现计划(IODP)第368航次U1501站位井深264.0～331.1 m的样品,通过有孔虫壳体氧同位素地层和锶同位素定年,得出该段井深年龄为晚渐新世?早中新世20.3～32.0 Ma(地震反射不整合面T60的底部年龄在28～30.5 Ma左右)。T60构造运动之后,岩芯沉积物中有机碳含量、底栖有孔虫壳体稳定碳同位素δ13C、浮游与底栖有孔虫碳同位素差值Δδ13CP-B指示海水表层生产力的降低;碳酸钙含量、有机碳/氮比值反映了陆源物质输入的减少;结合浮游有孔虫相对丰度以及底栖有孔虫的属种组合变化,共同揭示了南海北部在晚渐新世?早中新世时期,区域构造沉降运动导致了U1501站位在T60之后古水深逐步加深、离岸距离变远,相关结论从微体古生物学角度为认识T60构造事件及其沉积环境变化提供了科学证据。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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