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本文使用有限元方法,研究了含摩擦多断层问题.在研究中,计算了几个物理模型（如共线、共轭等）和含摩擦多断层的应力场,并用计算机绘制出一批含摩擦多断层应力等值线图.结果表明,含摩擦多断层的应力场与单一断层相差甚远,在断层的交汇处,应力集中的范围和程度远大于断层的外端;断层的应力场在空间上分布很不均匀;高应力区和低应力区的分布随载荷作用方式和断层的形态各异.断层内的摩擦力对应力场的分布有很大的影响,并可能对断层的扩展行为起着非常重要的影响. 相似文献
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在实际的水力压裂过程中,裂缝总是沿着垂直于最小地应力的方向扩展,地应力的分布形式和多个压裂段之间的互相影响(应力阴影效应)对于形成复杂的裂缝网络具有重要的影响。本文基于扩展有限单元法(XFEM)模拟页岩等多孔介质在水压作用下裂缝的任意扩展,由于在传统有限元法的基础上引入了扩充自由度和可以描述间断的位移阶跃函数,所以裂缝可以独立于网格扩展,而不需要重新剖分网格。通过引入一维流动假设,求解润滑方程,并考虑流体在裂缝内的流动。同时也考虑裂缝向基质中流动的滤失效应。研究实际施工中不同段间距下裂缝的扩展模式和段间距对裂缝形态的影响,结果表明,压裂段间距过小时中间的裂缝会被屏蔽;此外,裂缝会由于应力阴影效应而发生转向。 相似文献
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依据最新的辽宁及其邻近地区地壳上地幔三维地震波速结构，并考虑地质构造、断裂以及地壳深部的构造环境等因素，建立研究区的三维地质模型；结合震源机制解与原地应力测量资料，分析区域现代地应力场特征，确定了研究区的边界约束和动力边界条件．在以上基础上，采用线弹性介质模型进行研究区三维构造应力场的有限元数值模拟，探讨研究区地壳应力场的基本特征．对比分析表明，本区地壳内应力场的三维有限元数值模拟结果与已发生的地震有着较好的对应关系，并指出了值得注意的有潜在发震可能的地震危险区． 相似文献
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提出了一种新的发震构造型式－转换破型型。其特征是地震不发生在主干断裂和共轭断裂面上，而是在其两侧一定距离的岩块中；发震断裂不与其平行而是成一定的交角；震源机制解的三个力轴与造力应场相对应的三个力轴不一致，而是有规律地旋转了一定有角度。 相似文献
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本文根据震源组合模式,利用有限元方法模拟计算,研究了共轭发震构造间的相互作用,结果如下:(1)当共轭断层的内角为压区且断层交汇区存在一定尺度的调整单元时,只有一条断层发震,另一条断层并不发震。(2)当共轭断层的内角为拉区且断层交汇区无调整单元或调整单元足够小时,由于两条共轭断层联通而发生一次大地震。(3)当共轭断层的交汇区的内角为拉区且断层交汇区有适当尺度的调整单元时,所发生的地震一般为双主震型,即两条断层均发震。其交汇区调整单元愈小,二次主震的间隔时间愈短。此外,本文还计算和讨论了调整单元尺度与初始破裂区位置的关系。 相似文献
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IntroductionTectonic earthquakes are the consequence of localized stress concentration. A basic way of learning the process of earthquake preparation and occurrence is to study the distribution and evolution of the tectonic stress.Since the 1980s a series of achievements in Earth stress research have been announced in the world (e.g., Zoback, 1992). In last two decades many researches on crustal tectonic stress have been carried on in China, including earthquake focal mechanism analyses, in-… 相似文献
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目前虽然有许多种方法可以进行构造裂缝预测,但由于碳酸盐岩发育区裂缝发育的复杂性,需要综合研究构造裂缝定量预测的新方法.本文以哈萨克斯坦扎纳若尔碳酸盐岩凝析油田为研究和应用对象,提出了基于GIS系统的构造裂缝综合分析技术,通过构造DEM滤波分析、综合曲率分析、裂缝地形因子分析以及DEM构造应力场分析,提取与裂缝有关的构造起伏变化和侵蚀程度指标,对于碳酸盐岩储层利用DEM进行古水文地质条件分析,研究古地貌侵蚀和沉积的空间分布情况.根据构造应力场信息,综合分析不同构造部位岩层发生破裂的可能性及破裂程度,预测区域裂缝和局部构造裂缝发育带、发育程度及发育方向,并取得了不错的预测效果. 相似文献
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下辽河盆地现今构造应力场特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前研究现今构造应力场的方法很多，如地壳形变测量，震源机制解等方法，本文利用井壁崩落法、套芯法及有限元数值模拟所得结果，研究分析了下辽河盆地现今构造应力的特征。 相似文献
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The superimposed basin must have undergone the changes of regional stress field. Study on the nature and switch of regional stress field of superimposed basin is very useful to understanding its stress state and tectonic events during its formation and evolution. As sensitive markers of small stress changes, joint and shear fracture, characterized by consistency of orientation over wide area, can be used to reconstruct paleostress state and its evolution. Detailed observations and analysis on the orientations, geometrical patterns, sequences of joints and shear fractures and their chronological relation to faults and folds show that, the NEE-SWW systematic joints and NNW-SSE systematic joints developed in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata are much more prominent than NW-SE systematic joints and shear fractures with different orientations. And the NWW-SEE and NW-SE systematic joints formed later than NEE-SWW systematic joints but earlier than shear fractures with different orientations. According to the relationships between joint and shear fractures and stress, the NEE-SWW systematic joints are inferred to result from lateral weak extension caused by the late Cretaceous regional uplift, while the NNW-SSE and NW-SE systematic joints are interpreted as syn-tectonic deformation relating to strong N-S compression in the Neogene. But some conjugate shear fractures occur probably due to sinistral strike-slip faulting in the Kuqa depression. At the beginning of the Neogene, the stress field changed and the maximal principal stress σ1 switched from vertical to horizontal. 相似文献
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Topographic stress and rock fracture: a two‐dimensional numerical model for arbitrary topography and preliminary comparison with borehole observations 
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下载免费PDF全文 Theoretical calculations indicate that elastic stresses induced by surface topography may be large enough in some landscapes to fracture rocks, which in turn could influence slope stability, erosion rates, and bedrock hydrologic properties. These calculations typically have involved idealized topographic profiles, with few direct comparisons of predicted topographic stresses and observed fractures at specific field sites. We use a numerical model to calculate the stresses induced by measured topographic profiles and compare the calculated stress field with fractures observed in shallow boreholes. The model uses a boundary element method to calculate the stress distribution beneath an arbitrary topographic profile in the presence of ambient tectonic stress. When applied to a topographic profile across the Susquehanna Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory in central Pennsylvania, the model predicts where shear fractures would occur based on a Mohr–Coulomb criterion, with considerable differences in profiles of stresses with depth beneath ridgetops and valley floors. We calculate the minimum cohesion required to prevent shear failure, Cmin, as a proxy for the potential for fracturing or reactivation of existing fractures. We compare depth profiles of Cmin with structural analyses of image logs from four boreholes located on the valley floor, and find that fracture abundance declines sharply with depth in the uppermost 15 m of the bedrock, consistent with the modeled profile of Cmin. In contrast, Cmin increases with depth at comparable depths below ridgetops, suggesting that ridgetop fracture abundance patterns may differ if topographic stresses are indeed important. Thus, the present results are consistent with the hypothesis that topography can influence subsurface rock fracture patterns and provide a basis for further observational tests. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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储层改造是煤层气井提高产能的重要措施,水力压裂是煤层气储层改造的重要方法.为研究煤层气储层压裂过程及其天然裂缝对煤储层压裂时破裂压力的影响,本文以山西沁水盆地南部高煤级煤矿区为研究区,运用有限元数值模拟方法,计算不同地应力条件下、裂缝处于不同位置时煤储层的破裂压力.结果表明:(1)不同类型地应力场对破裂压力的影响不同.对于均匀应力场,破裂压力随着围压的增大而增大,其增幅约为围压的两倍;对于非均匀应力场,当一个水平主应力不变时,破裂压力会随着水平主应力差的增加而减少;(2)如果地应力条件不变,煤储层破裂压力随着天然裂缝与最大水平主应力方向夹角的增加而增加,水平主应力差越大煤储层破裂压力增幅也越大;(3)在有天然裂隙的地层中进行压裂,当天然裂缝的方位不同时压裂裂缝既可能是沿着天然裂缝扩展的裂缝,也可能是压裂过程中产生的新裂缝,因此天然裂缝的方位对破裂压力具有一定的影响. 相似文献
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IntroductionThe research on stress field interior the Earth is an either relative old or young branch of geoscience. Early in the 20th century, in order to learn the state of inner stress field, a few scholars had used simple ideal model to analyze big scale tectonic conformations and activities according to tide, gravity, rotation and inner thermal materials. So far, lots of problems on the state of the Earth stress field have not been solved completely yet. The origin of stress field, the d… 相似文献
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Numerical simulation of Dabie orogenic belt's tectonic evolution 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
IntroductionDabieorogenicbeltisthecollisionorogenbetweentheSino-KoreancratonandYangtzecraton.Sincethediscoveriesofcoesiteatthelater1980s,Dabieorogenicbelthasbecomethemostfamousultra-highpressure(UHP)metamorphicbeltinafewyears.Coesite-bearingeclogitef... 相似文献
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在隧道的施工和运营中,隧道衬砌不可避免会产生裂纹。裂纹和地震荷载的相互作用将加剧隧道的破坏,因此研究带裂纹隧道衬砌地震荷载作用下的破坏具有重要的意义。为了证明本文二维有限元数值模拟计算结果的正确性,首先用相互作用积分的方法计算动载作用下的静态裂纹,并与解析解进行比对,发现二者的吻合性很好。计算结果表明相互作用积分法可以用来精确地计算动载作用下带裂纹结构的动应力强度因子。用这种经过验证的方法来计算带裂纹重载铁路隧道衬砌的动应力强度因子和动承载力安全系数,可以看出在地震荷载作用下,I型裂纹的动应力强度因子在隧道结构的安全中起控制作用。当裂纹的长度大于某特定值时,隧道处于很危险的状态。 相似文献
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腾冲火山区地震构造应力场研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
通过对腾冲火山区强震和中小地震震源机制制解分析,对火山区构造应力场方向空间分布,以及震源类型和破裂特征作了研究。利用腾冲火山区中小地震地震波资料,计算得到的地震震源处剪应力强度值,对火山区应力场强度或初始应力状态进行了研究。腾冲火山区构造庆力场主要为北北东－北东－北东东向,接近水平的压应力场。腾冲火山区凛环境剪应力场高值区所包围的低剪应力值分布区。腾冲火山区地震震源具有多种类型,震源破裂具有多种形 相似文献