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1.
地核物态及其量子地球动力探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据量子力学原理对核物质状态进行分析，简要计算了现代地球内核超固态物质原子中被公有公电子的平均值、地核物质的公有化自由电子浓度、现代地球内核中自由电子平均运动速度、早期产生地核物质量子效应的自引力压强临界值和起动地球整体膨胀的自引力压强、地核发生超固态量子力学效应所需要的能量等参数。内地核物质很可能是在超高压环境下形成的一种特殊物质状态-超固态。地核超固态产生的量子排斥压强超过地球自引力收缩压强的临界值时，导致地球发生整体的膨胀，由此引出量子地球构造动力的概念。 相似文献
2.
地球自转速度在长期的减慢,而内核自转 又较其外部的地球部分转动快,这是由日 、月对地球的潮汐摩擦引起的同一动力学背景下导致的相关现象。通过能量守衡的定量分析 ,得出地球潮汐耗散能的11% 即可导致内核自转较其外部的地球部分自转快的结论。通过推 理比较和定量分析,提出了岩石圈层、主地幔圈层与内核三个圈层的差异旋转模型：岩石圈 自转速度<主地慢自转速度<内核自转速度。它可能是导致大陆向西飘移-板块构造及地磁产 生的重要机制之一。 相似文献
3.
地球内核与地球深部动力学 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
地球内核由外核富含铁元素的液态物质结晶而成。经证实,内核正以约１（°）／ａ的速率相对于地幔向东转动。内核的旋转是通过穿过内核的地震波的走时随时间变化推测得到的。这种变化是最近十多年来揭示出的内核各向异性在空间方位的改变所造成。内核的各向异性被认为起因于各向异性的铁晶体的有序排列,但这种有序排列的机制还不清楚。内核在地球发电机中起着重要的作用。利用大型的并行计算机,人们已得到能产生像地磁场一样的三维发电机数值模拟。地震学观测到的内核差速旋转为最近的发电机数值模拟提供了支持。这种数值模拟曾预测：导体内核与外核产生的磁场的电磁耦合驱动了内核每年几度向东旋转。地核通过核幔边界的接触及内核与地幔的引力耦合与地幔存在强烈的相互作用。多学科领域的突破为认识地球的深部动力过程提供了极好的机会和手段。 相似文献
4.
文章介绍了地幔柱理论研究的一系列进展，诸如地幔柱特征、动力学模式及其地质意义。在重力分异过程中，随着地球质量不断向地心集中，地球自转动能也不断向地核集中，从而产生圈层分化和差异旋转。地核相对地壳、地幔高速旋转，具有巨大动能，旋转阻力不断将其转化为热能，在核幔边界聚积起来，为液核对流和热幔柱提供足够的能量。核幔边界是产生热幔柱的位置。阐明了地幔柱构造与板块构造的关系。地幔柱理论涉及地幔深部物质垂直运动的机制，对了解地球深部动力学机制有重大意义。 相似文献
5.
文章介绍了地幔柱理论研究的一系列进展,诸如地幔柱特征、动力学模式及其地质意义.在重力分异过程中,随着地球质量不断向地心集中,地球自转动能也不断向地核集中,从而产生圈层分化和差异旋转.地核相对地壳、地幔高速旋转,具有巨大动能,旋转阻力不断将其转化为热能,在核幔边界聚积起来,为液核对流和热幔柱提供足够的能量.核幔边界是产生热幔柱的位置.阐明了地幔柱构造与板块构造的关系.地幔柱理论涉及地幔深部物质垂直运动的机制,对了解地球深部动力学机制有重大意义. 相似文献
6.
地球节律的成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地球节律主要受地球内部能量间歇性的释放所控制。旋转系统有不同于非旋转系统的位能、热能和旋转能的相互转换方式。在重力分异和热对流过程中，地核不仅有巨量热能，而且有巨量的旋转能和放射性蜕变能。这是地球能量释放的内因。天文因素使地球内核周期性地南北振动，使地球轨道、体积，形状、自转速度、公转速度和差异旋转状态周期性地变化。这是地球能量间歇性释放的外因。对作差异旋转的内核而言，万有引力常数Ｇ的变化可以改变太阳辐射量和太阳系体积，影响核幔的角动量交换和地壳地幔容积，造成热幔柱的形成与喷发，控制了核幔边界的能量交换过程。这是天文周期与地质旋回一一对应的原因，也是地球节律产生的根本原因。这使人们可以从天文周期预测地质变动。 相似文献
7.
Ｖ．Ｅ．哈因 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1996,(4)
６０年代板块构造概念的出现标志着地球科学革命性的进步。３０年来，我们获得的经验表明，现代板块构造在岩石圈和软流圈物性、三种板块运动形式、扩张和俯冲的均衡以及板块运动原因等都与经典板块构造有很大不同。同时，它仍有一些问题和缺陷。世纪交替之时，随着象地震层析成像等新技术的发展，有可能建立新的全球理论来取代板块构造。新理论应该包括整个固体地球，岩石圈是分层的，而且地球内部的对流准自动地进行。同时，地球层圈之间具有相互作用。还应该承认，构造圈（岩石圈＋软流圈，深至４００ｋｍ）中以板块构造为主，而在软流圈之下地幔柱构造起控制作用。在所有的上部层圈能够探测到抬升或下降过程中热—物质流之间的补偿。整个地球历史中，地球和其层圈的内生过程，包括板块构造和地幔柱构造相互作用的变化，具有旋回性和方向性。由此，地球体积呈脉动性变化是必然的。此外，还必须考虑宇宙因素对地球动力学的影响 相似文献
8.
放射性元素集中于上地壳的原因及其地球动力学意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地热学和陨石学的研究都指出, 地球上放射性热源浓度随深度指数衰减.但为何会存在这样的分布特征仍是地球科学的疑谜.通过地球排气现象的研究指出, 正是类地行星及小行星演化中的排气作用, 将放射性元素带到了类地行星及小行星的表面; 而且演化时间越长的类地行星, 深部的放射性元素也越少.目前流行的地球动力学理论是以地球内部的热为根本动力的学说, 地球深部放射性热源数量的稀少对“热机动力机制”提出了质疑.由于地球动力学依靠的能源只有地球内部的热和地球自转动能2种, “地球自转动力机制”应更多地被重视和研究 相似文献
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10.
地球系统演化原因研究的回顾与展望 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
简略回顾了地球系统的研究历史,指出人类数千年来关于地球系统的研究可分为古代、大分化和大融合 3个阶段,提出"地球系统学"在今后相当一段时间内将是地学研究的主流。第二部分探索地球系统演化的原因,指出："热"是影响地球系统的途径,但地表面受热的准周期性变化不应是整个地球系统演化的主要原因;对于各种引力的准周期性变化对气候变化的影响,归纳出这样一条可能的途径：天体引力→地核环流变化→通过地幔热柱影响软流圈波动变化→通过地热影响气候变化;宇宙磁场通过"变压器效应"调制地核中的Lorenz力,使地核环流变化,进而影响地球系统演化。第三部分提出"外核环流是主导地表系统演化的总枢纽"假说。最后指出：一定要从宇地相互作用中寻求地球系统演化的原因;宇地之间相互联系的热、力和电磁三种物理过程中,"磁"是最值得予以关注的;核幔边界层很可能是推动地核环流和地幔对流的能源区。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献