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1.
根据流体包裹体特征、同位素组成等，认为官田黄铁矿矿床成矿压力小于１００ｂａｒ，成矿热流体温度低于２２０～２４０℃，盐度低于１２％（ｗｔ），ｐＨ为４．４～５．８，Ｅｈ为－０．５，ｆＯ２值小于１０－２５ｂａｒ，因此其成因类型为浅成低温水热脉状黄铁矿矿床。交代充填作用形成黄铁矿，不同性质的溶液在运移途中相遇，造成其它成矿元素的淀积，大气降水具双重成矿作用。 相似文献
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兰坪盆地西缘发育一系列脉状铜矿床,科登涧铜矿床是其组成之一。该矿床矿体主要产出于上三叠统崔依比组(T3c)中基性火山岩内部的断层破碎带中。热液期成矿作用可大致划分为2个成矿阶段:主成矿阶段主要发育大量含铜硫化物石英脉,晚成矿阶段主要发育贫硫化物方解石脉。流体包裹体结果表明,主成矿期石英和成矿后期石英/方解石中均主要发育两相水溶液包裹体,含CO2包裹体极少出现。主成矿期石英脉中包裹体均一温度变化幅度较小,集中在180~240℃,盐度(Na Cleq,质量分数)集中在8%~14%。成矿流体主要表现出盆地热卤水的特征,这与兰坪盆地内其它Pb、Zn、Cu等贱金属矿床的成矿流体特征较为一致。成矿流体的δ18O值为3.5‰~5.5‰,δD值为-62‰~-38‰,介于岩浆水/变质水和大气降水之间。热液硫化物黄铜矿、黄铁矿、斑铜矿的δ34S值显示较低的负值(-20.8‰~-9.4‰),明显有别于赋矿围岩(安山岩)的δ34S值(11.1‰~11.6‰),推测该矿床成矿所需还原硫主要来自于地层硫酸盐。综合分析认为,该矿床成矿物质主要来源于地层,成矿流体主要为源于大气降水或建造水的盆地热卤水。 相似文献
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川东南脉状萤石－重晶石矿床流体包裹体研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
川东南脉状萤石──重晶石矿床主要产于下奥陶统碳酸盐岩中，其成矿与岩浆活动无明显联系．成矿温度较低，成矿流体富含ＮａＣｌ和Ｈ＿２Ｏ，ＣＯ＿２和ＣＨ＿４的含量较低，Ｎ＿２，Ｏ＿２及Ｈ＿２的含量甚微。成矿介质水主要来源于地层水（如封存的海水、盆地压实脱水等）及大气降水，成矿温度、δ￣Ｄ值、盐度、Ｎａ￣＋／Ｋ￣＋比值以及矿石中有机包裹体的在在均表明本区萤石和重晶石的成矿流体类似于密西西比河谷型矿床的成矿热卤水，其形成与介质水溶滤本区寒武系蒸发岩有关。 相似文献
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《矿产与地质》2017,(5)
茂租铅锌矿床位于扬子地块西南缘茂租断裂和莲峰―巧家断裂交汇的三角带,是川滇黔铅锌多金属成矿域滇东北铅锌矿化集中区重要的铅锌矿床。根据矿床流体包裹体岩相观察发现,茂租铅锌矿床主成矿阶段包裹体类型简单,主要为富液相包裹体,气液比小,少量纯液相包裹体。显微测温工作表明主成矿阶段流体整体具有中高温(峰值235℃~250℃)、中低盐度(盐度10%~18%NaCleq v)、中低密度(密度ρ分布于0.75~0.85g/cm~3)特征,同时存在低盐度峰值(1%~6%)和高盐度峰值(20%~24%)两端元,可能是高低盐度流体混合的结果。群体包裹体成分分析表明各期流体成分相似,液相为Ca~(2+)-Na~+(Mg~(2+))-SO_4~(2-)-Cl~-(F~-)体系流体,气相主要为H_2O、CO_2,并含少量N_2及H_2、CO、CH_4等还原性气体。对以上流体包裹体成分数据分析发现,成矿流体主要源于盆地热卤水,有一部分的大气降水的参与,且在主成矿期为弱氧化性质流体(闪锌矿R0.1),成矿晚期成矿流体具有较强还原性(晚期萤石R=0.997)。此外,碳氧同位素及流体包裹体氢氧同位素组成表明,成矿流体除盆地卤水和大气降水来源外,还存在变质水及少量有机质流体来源。 相似文献
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滇西兰坪盆地多金属矿床碳、氧、氢同位素组成及其地质意义 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
兰坪盆地多金属矿床碳、氧和氢同位素组成特征表明,成矿流体中的CO2源自海相碳酸盐岩(或蚀变海相碳酸盐岩)的热解作用和沉积有机物的氧化作用或脱羧基作用;成矿流体为古大气降水在一定地质条件下与盆地和基底岩石发生水-岩作用而形成的盆地热卤水,其中金顶铅锌矿床的成矿流体尚有变质水的混入.这表明盆地内多金属矿床的成矿物质应源自地壳(基底和盆地地层),喜马拉雅期盆地周缘碱性岩浆活动对盆地内多金属矿床的成矿作用贡献是间接的,沉积有机物直接参与了成矿作用. 相似文献
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Ｓｉｎｉｕｈｉｎｓｋｏｅ地区Ｖｅｓｅｌｙｉ矿床的矿化产于矽卡岩的内外接触带中，围岩为古生代的火山熔岩，凝灰岩和夹层灰岩。矽卡岩的形成与闪长岩墙群的侵入有关。Ｃｕ－Ａｕ矿化的产生和矽卡岩的退化蚀变过程相联系。成矿热液是岩浆成因的热卤水与大气降水的混合流体。 相似文献
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列廷冈-勒青拉矿床位于西藏冈底斯北缘多金属成矿带东侧,是该成矿带内一个独特的同时发育Pb、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mo五种元素矿化的典型矽卡岩型矿床.对该矿床成矿流体性质研究有助于解决这种具有不同来源属性的多金属共生矿床的成矿机制等科学问题.基于此,选取与Fe-Cu-Mo矿化和Pb-Zn-Cu矿化密切相关的矽卡岩矿物和脉石矿物,系统开展了流体包裹体和碳氢氧同位素研究,结果显示二者的成矿流体来源相同并经历了相似的演化过程.矽卡岩阶段主要发育富液相包裹体,成矿流体具有高温中高盐度特征.成矿期石英硫化物阶段和成矿后期碳酸盐阶段主要发育富液相包裹体和含子晶的多相包裹体,前者成矿流体温度属于中高温范畴,而盐度分为高盐度和低盐度两类;后者成矿流体温度属于中低温范畴,而盐度同样分为高盐度和低盐度两类,研究表明出现两种盐度截然不同的流体是由于沸腾作用造成的.稳定同位素研究结果显示矽卡岩阶段成矿流体主要源于发生过脱水去气作用的残余岩浆水,石英硫化物阶段和碳酸盐阶段均有大气降水的参与.灰岩地层与正常海相碳酸盐岩相比δ18O明显亏损,表明成矿流体在矿区灰岩地层中大规模运移并发生水岩反应,从而在远端矽卡岩带形成铅锌铜矿化.结合前人及本次研究结果,列廷冈-勒青拉矿床Fe-Cu矿化与Pb-Zn矿化为同一时期岩浆活动的产物,但分别与不同属性的岩浆有关.降温冷却、流体混合作用以及pH值的变化是控制列廷冈-勒青拉矿床金属沉淀的重要因素,而成矿温度和岩浆属性的差异是造成成矿元素在空间上分带的主要原因. 相似文献
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河南祁雨沟金矿流体包裹体研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
流体包裹体研究表明祁雨淘金矿床形成于高中温浅成环境。从早成矿期至晚矿化期，成矿温度、成矿流体盐度、pH值、fo2、成分及氢氧同位素组成呈现系列变化。成矿流体主要来自岩浆热液，属H2-NaCl-CO2体系，晚期有一定量大气降水加入。流体相分离作用是造成金矿床矿质沉淀的重要机制。 相似文献
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卡林型金矿床的特征和成因 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
卡林型金矿床主要分布在北美大盆地地区科迪勒拉造山带、科罗拉多地台和我国扬子地块西南缘的板内古生代－中生代沉降带和西北缘古生代－中生代冒地槽。具有分布局限、成矿集中的特点，形成许多超大型矿床。金矿床成矿域发育一套大面积分布的巨厚的古－中生代冒地槽建造，同成矿期的岩浆活动和构造活动强烈，有利于形成各种地热体系和流体活动。金矿床往往形成成矿带，单个金矿床的规模大小不一，矿化受构造、围岩和深部流体控制，围岩一般具有还原性质。围岩蚀变为去碳酸盐化、硅化、泥化、硫化物化和重晶石化等。金与砷黄铁矿、黄铁矿及毒砂紧密相关，以次显微金的形式存在。其他矿物为雄黄、雌黄、重晶石、辉锑矿、石英、方解石、含铊矿物以及表生矿物明矾石和黄钾铁矾等。成矿流体中水为大气降水，碳、硫主要来源于矿床围岩和以下岩石，少量可能来源于深部。矿床形成于浅－中等深度。提出了大气降水热液、岩浆热液、变质热液和卤水成矿等卡林型金矿床形成模式，大气降水成因模式能较好解释金矿床的地质地球化学特征。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献