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1.
贵州织金新华含稀土磷矿床稀土元素地球化学及生物成矿基本特征 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
对贵州织金新华含稀土磷矿床进行的稀土元素及微量元素分析结果表明，磷块岩中普遍富集稀土元素，稀土总量∑REE较高，并富集Y元素及La，Nd等轻稀土元素。LREE／HREE比值较高。含稀土磷块岩普遍具Ce负异常，显示其对源区的继承性。指示成磷环境处于氧化程度相对较高状态。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式曲线、北美页岩标准化模式曲线、Ce元素异常、LREE／HREE比值、微量元素特征及岩石矿物特征表明，织金新华含稀土磷矿床具以正常海相生物-化学沉积等为主伴有海相热水沉积混合成因的特征。在磷矿成矿过程中沉积物沉积时，活体生物及死亡残骸不同程度地摄取和富集了La，Nd，Ce等稀土元素、Y元素及其他微量元素，沉积在含磷层位，构成大量的含稀土、含生物碎屑白云质磷块岩。 相似文献
2.
贵州织金新华含稀土磷矿床矿区土壤稀土元素分布特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
稀土元素分析结果表明,贵州织金新华含稀土磷矿床矿区上层土壤中普遍富集稀土元素．其∑REE较高,但比含稀土磷块岩低．表明磷块岩在风化过程中已有部分稀土元素流失。轻稀土元素La、Ce及Y大量集中,LREE／HREE比值较高,说明岩石在风化过程中形成的粘土矿物对稀土元素有一定的吸附作用。但是粘土矿物对稀土元素的吸附量小于REE易溶配合物的流失量。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式曲线及Ce异常等特征表明,织金新华含稀土磷矿床矿区土壤中稀土元素分配模式继承了原岩特征。 相似文献
3.
贵州织金磷矿岩元素地球化学特征 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱仪(ICP-MS)对贵州织金戈仲伍剖面戈仲伍组磷矿岩样品的微量、稀土元素含量进行了测定。戈仲伍组磷矿岩主要为生物碎屑白云岩、硅质磷块岩,普遍形成生物碎屑结构,以小壳类动物化石及藻类化石为主。分析结果表明,磷矿岩中As、Sb等微量元素富集,Co/Ni的比值为0.14,明显小于1;U/Th比值介于1.27~7.39之间,平均值为3.40;在lgw(U)-lgw(Th)关系图、Cr-Zr的关系图中样品点几乎都落在热水沉积区,表现出热水沉积成因的地球化学特征。磷矿岩中普遍富集稀土元素,含稀土总量∑REE较高,尤其富集Y重稀土元素;磷矿岩具Ce负异常,指示环境处于氧化程度相对较高状态;稀土元素北美页岩标准化模式曲线为帽状形态,指示在磷矿岩形成过程中有生物或有机质参与作用;磷矿岩普遍具Eu正异常、稀土总量较高、∑LREE/∑HREE比值较高的特征,暗示戈仲伍组磷矿岩具有正常海相沉积伴有海相热水沉积混合成因的特征。 相似文献
4.
贵州织金磷矿岩稀土元素地球化学特征研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
贵州织金戈仲伍剖面戈仲伍组磷质岩主要为生物碎屑白云质、硅质磷块岩，普遍形成生物碎屑结构，以小壳类动物化石及藻类化石为主。采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱仪(ICP-MS)对戈仲伍组磷质岩样品的稀土元素含量进行测定分析，结果表明：磷质岩中普遍富集稀土元素，含稀土总量EREE较高，尤其富集Y重稀土元素；磷质岩具Ce负异常，指示环境处于氧化程度相对较高状态；稀土元素北美页岩标准化模式曲线为帽状形态，指示在磷质岩形成过程中有生物或有机质参与作用；磷质岩普遍具Eu正异常、稀土总量较高、∑LREE／∑HREE比值较高的特征，暗示戈仲伍组磷矿具有正常海相沉积伴有海相热水沉积混合成因的特征。 相似文献
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织金磷矿区摩天冲矿段戈仲伍组稀土元素含量高,磷块岩的∑REE和Y含量平均分别约为650×10~(-6)和200×10~(-6)。岩石学、矿物学及主微量元素地球化学分析表明,稀土元素的富集特征及制约因素为:1)稀土元素在剖面上含量变化受岩石类型影响大,由白云岩→含磷白云岩→白云质磷块岩→磷块岩→黑色(碳质)磷块岩,∑REE和Y含量依次增加;2)∑REE和Y含量与岩石的P2O5含量均呈正相关,反映出∑REE和Y含量可能与岩石中P的化学成分和矿物成分密切相关;3)戈仲伍组中下段胶磷矿主要为砂屑结构,矿物颗粒以柱状、条状为主,并含有一定数量的生物碎屑,戈仲伍组上段主要为粉屑结构,矿物颗粒以椭圆形、圆形粒状为主,P2O5含量与稀土元素含量在中下段较高,而在上段相对较低,推测稀土元素的富集可能与矿物结构和生物活动有关,生物有利于稀土元素尤其是轻稀土的富集;4)磷块岩稀土元素后太古代澳大利亚页岩(PAAS)标准化配分图显示中稀土富集的"帽型"配分模式,Ce明显负异常,LREE/HREE比值约大于5,反映轻稀土富集;戈仲伍组磷块岩的Ce/Ce*均-0.1,反映磷块岩沉积时环境为氧化状态,氧化的沉积环境可能有利于磷和稀土的富集,通过Ce/Ce*与LaN/NdN负相关关系,说明轻稀土的富集可能与古海水的氧化还原条件有关,在越氧化的条件下,轻稀土越富集。 相似文献
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贵州省织金县新华含稀土磷矿矿床地质特征及成因探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贵州织金新华含稀土磷矿床产于早寒武世梅树村阶底部含磷岩系中(上磷矿层),磷矿伴生的稀土REO含量达333.45×10-6～974.15×10-6,平均640×10-6,为含稀土磷块岩沉积矿床。通过对新华含稀土磷矿矿床的成矿地质背景、地质特征的研究,从岩相古地理、生物成矿基本特征、稀土元素物质来源、成矿作用、成矿模式等矿床成因进行的探讨,初步认为织金新华含稀土磷矿床严格受地层、岩相古地理的控制。 相似文献
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贵州瓮安夏安灯影组叠层石磷块岩丰富,本文利用地球化学方法对灯影组含磷岩系稀土元素含量进行了测试分析。结果表明,矿层中上部叠层石磷块岩稀土元素总量ΣREE低,且比矿层底部砂屑磷块岩的更低,显示出明显的生物成因特点;磷块岩北美页岩组合样标准化曲线形态上近似于"帽状",也指示生物有机质参与了成磷作用。样品具有较低的稀土元素总量ΣREE、较小的LREE/HREE比值、明显的负Ce异常,普遍的正Eu异常,暗示该区磷矿为非正常海水沉积成因。因此,夏安灯影组磷矿为生物成矿与热水沉积共同作用的结果;同时,样品Ceanom值皆小于-0.1,说明夏安灯影组磷块岩形成于相对氧化的环境。 相似文献
8.
贵州织金磷块岩型稀土矿含矿岩系REE地球化学特征与稀土富集 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贵州织金下寒武统戈仲武组(?1gz)磷矿富集大量稀土,但是磷块岩中REE富集机制问题尚不清楚。本文对贵州织金不同稀土含量区间(262×10~(-6)、262×10~(-6)～527×10~(-6)、527×10~(-6)～761×10~(-6)、761×10~(-6))的磷块岩的研究表明,磷块岩的稀土配分均显示出Ce负异常、Eu无明显异常、MREE富集以及富集重稀土元素Y的特征。(La/Sm)N-δCe及δPr-δCe图解显示织金磷块岩Ce异常为真实的Ce异常,代表磷块岩形成在氧化环境。但当时海水的氧化环境并不是控制MREE富集的决定因素。(La/Sm)N-SmN、(Gd/Yb)N-YbN散点图显示MREE富集是稀土在富集过程中稀土发生分异的结果。(Dy/Sm)N-δEu散点图以及Eu无明显异常说明织金磷块岩形成过程中可能无热水作用的参与。地史时期"老磷块岩"普遍存在重稀土亏损的特征。 相似文献
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贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩的稀土元素地球化学特征与沉积古环境 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
晚元古代末的陡山沱期(550-600Ma)是地球历史生物、化学和气候变化的剧烈时期。通过对贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷矿的稀土元素研究，确定上矿层磷块岩的北美页岩标准化稀土模式具负Ce异常、轻和重稀土亏损及中稀土富集特征。下矿层磷块岩稀土模式为轻微负Ce异常、轻微的轻和重稀土亏损及中稀土富集。下矿层磷块岩的Ceanom值为-0．065～-0．077，上矿层磷块岩的Ceanom为-0．26～-0．291，表明瓮安磷矿沉积古环境从下矿层的还原条件转变为上矿层的氧化条件。这种南沱冰期之后的环境变化可能为瓮安动物群的大爆发提供了必要的条件。 相似文献
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小米戛磷矿是云南曲靖沾益地区新发现的矿床。本文对该矿床渔户村组磷块岩的主量、微量和稀土元素地球化学特征进行研究,探讨沾益渔户村组磷块岩的成磷环境和成磷物质来源。研究表明小米戛磷矿磷块岩富SiO_2(28.50%～51.47%)、CaO(20.21%～34.31%)、P_2O_5(15.48%～25.42%)。磷块岩中Ba、Sr、Cu、Pb、Zn、V、Mo等元素富集,显示生物聚磷作用。磷块岩的Sr/Ba=0.10～1.40,U/Th比值大于1(1.35～4.15),表明磷块岩的形成可能有热液活动的参与。磷块岩稀土元素总量较高(148.84×10~(-6)～232.16×10~(-6)),经北美页岩标准化的稀土配分模式曲线近水平,但LREE/HREE=2.96～5.37,显示一定程度的轻稀土元素富集,进一步暗示磷矿的形成受热水沉积成矿作用与生物成矿作用共同控制。磷块岩中U元素高度富集(富集系数平均值8.84),V/Cr=1.08～3.01(平均值为2.12),Ce_(anom)=-0.50～-0.35,介于-0.5与-0.1之间,表明磷块岩形成于次氧化环境。综上所述,在早寒武世渔户村期的潮坪-泻湖环境,磷质沉积物发生胶结作用形成初始磷矿层;后期生物繁盛,生物遗体中所含的磷被大量地分解,不同深度的大量含磷物质伴随上升洋流进一步改造初始磷矿层,最终成矿。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献