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峨眉山高钛玄武岩中主要的赋钛矿物——榍石的产状、特征及成因 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
峨眉山玄武岩中钛以什么矿物形式存在一直以来很少有学者提及。本文通过镜下观察、全岩化学分析、X-衍射、能谱、扫描电镜、电子探针、阴极发光对川西南部周公山-汉王场地区钻井岩心中峨眉山玄武岩进行了详细的分析,讨论了其主要赋钛矿物及成因。(1)SiO2含量46.4%~48.3%和TiO2>3%显示区内峨眉山玄武岩属于高钛峨眉山玄武岩系列。但多个层段榍石含量>5%,而极少见磁铁矿、钛铁矿;(2)榍石主要以隐晶质的云雾状、雪花状、芝麻点状、枝状等形态分布于微晶长石之间和溶孔、溶洞边缘及裂缝中,少量呈显晶质粒状分布于微晶长石、绿泥石之间。(3)电子探针分析显示:所有含钛矿物中,钛铁矿中TiO2含量最高,为39.069%,榍石中TiO2次之,TiO2含量为17.143%~38.648%,磁铁矿中TiO2含量最高为12.293%,平均在5%~10%左右,其他矿物基本上都少于1%。(4)扫描电镜及其能谱分析显示:榍石中的Ti含量(2.49%~24.97%)明显高于含钛磁铁矿(2.68%~9.21%)、含钛赤铁矿(3.64%)中Ti含量,与钛铁矿(19.51%)含量相当。分析结果认为:峨眉山玄武岩中大量出现的隐晶榍石可能是岩浆后期产物或期后蚀变的产物。在峨眉山玄武岩中首次鉴别出的大量隐晶质榍石是高钛峨眉山玄武岩中最主要的赋钛矿物。隐晶榍石在玄武岩中的含量是区分"高钛"和"低钛"玄武岩的主要标志之一。 相似文献
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青海省同仁地区上二叠统石关组上部火山岩的新发现及其地球化学特征和构造环境意义 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
青海省同仁地区位于秦、祁结合部,构造演化历史悠久.在该区隆务河两侧广泛发育着二叠、三叠纪地层,通过两套地层岩石组合分析,我们认为晚二叠世晚期至早三叠世早期该区属于半深海浊积扇相沉积环境.在该区晚二叠世晚期地层中新发现一套火山岩,火山岩的岩石组合主要为玄武岩、安山岩、玄武安山岩等.根据岩石的常量元素特征,可以将本区火山岩分为两部分:下部岩石的SiO2含量为49.04%~52.43%,平均为51.28%,TiO2含量为0.67%~1.11%,平均为0.9%,ALK值为2.64%~3.6%.通过常量元素投点图分析,本组火山岩岩性偏基性,属于拉斑玄武岩系列,显示高钛玄武岩特征.上部岩石的SiO2含量为56.25%~60.36%,平均为58.76%,TiO2含量为0.52%~0.63%,平均为0.58%,ALK值在5.26%~5.54%之间.岩性偏中性,属于钙碱性系列,显示低钛玄武岩特征.火山岩的稀土元素也有明显差异,下部稀土总量较低,∑REE=(61.7~97.17)×10-6,(La/Lu)N比值平均为3.07,轻重稀土分馏不明显,显示与过渡型洋中脊玄武岩相似的特征;而上部稀土总量较高,∑REE=(107.51~143.32)×10-6,(La/Lu)N比值平均为7.78,轻重稀土分馏明显,稀土分配曲线显示与岛弧安山岩相似的特征.该区火山岩的微量元素比值蛛网图显示与岛弧钙碱性玄武岩-过渡类型玄武岩具有较强的相似性.构造环境判别显示出本区火山岩具有从拉张的过渡型洋中脊环境到闭合的岛弧环境的演化特征. 相似文献
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贵州西部中、上二叠统界线附近普遍发育与玄武岩风化壳有关的铁-多金属矿化。本文通过对贵州西部普安地区二叠系茅口组顶部古风化壳型铁矿详细野外地质调查发现,玄武岩风化壳剖面普遍发育铁矿化,但铁矿体主要呈透镜体产于喀斯特洼地或溶斗之中,剖面上表现为Fe由上而下运移富集的特征。7件岩（矿）石样品地球化学分析表明,贵州西部普安地区二叠系茅口组顶部玄武岩风化壳普遍富集Fe、Ti、Al的氧化物,As、Sb、Cu、Nb、V、U、Zr等亲硫及高场强元素。该区部分样品TFe2O3、TiO2含量达到工业品位,Al2O3也呈不同程度富集,具有铁-多金属富集的特征。此外,研究区Fe倾向于喀斯特洼地富集,而Ti、Al则倾向于残留喀斯特斜坡富集,具Al、Ti与Fe差异性分离的特征,这可能与玄武岩间歇性喷溢,古地理特征,风化作用及频繁海侵、海退事件关系密切。综合研究表明,峨眉山地幔柱活动推动了贵州西部古地理格局的演化（喀斯特不整合洼地）,并造就了（矿源层）高铁钛玄武岩堆积。贵州西部二叠系茅口组顶部古风化淋滤作用及古地理格局演化对Fe的迁移及富集具有显著的控制作用。因此,对于贵州西部二叠系茅口顶部玄武岩风化壳及其古地理恢复的研究是寻找玄武岩风化壳型铁矿床的重要基础。 相似文献
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黔西北上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩风化壳中铌富集机制初探 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
近年越来越多的研究显示,贵州西北一带的峨眉山玄武岩风化壳上存在一套富铌、锆、钛、镓、稀土的多金属矿层,主要与风化壳中的黏土岩有关,不过,其中有关铌的赋存状态和富集机制仍有待研究.文章对黏土岩物质来源做出厘定,认为风化壳黏土岩层主要来源于高钛的峨眉山玄武岩,铌、锆、稀土等元素也继承自玄武岩.铌主要赋存于铁铝质黏土岩中(w(Nb)100×10-6～250×10-6),含矿岩层中上部铌含量高,下部低,具体表现为w(Nb)自下而上,升高—(略微)降低—(再)升高的规律,尤以铁铝质黏土岩中铌含量最高.在峨眉山玄武岩喷发事件中,铌一方面随玄武岩喷出地表,在平缓低洼的盆地地带冷凝,另一方面酸性火山灰进入大气,形成酸雨并随之降落汇聚在先期成岩的低洼地区,形成酸性环境使原岩内的铌被侵蚀残留在原地.随着火山作用停止,酸雨不再产生,沉积环境中的水体因热水循环、海侵海退和大气降水与外界物质交换,酸性逐渐被中和乃至偏碱性,铌随黏土质沉积成岩,最终在玄武岩风化壳内富集. 相似文献
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塔里木南缘元古代变质基性火山岩地球化学特征——古塔里木板块中元古代裂解的证据 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
超大陆裂解是当今地学研究最前沿课题.通过研究塔里木南缘铁克里克构造带前寒武纪变质火山岩的岩石化学特征、微量元素特征、稀土元素特征及Sm-Nd同位素特征, 探讨古塔里木板块的中元古代大陆裂解构造事件.该套变质火山岩组合下部以变质酸性火山岩(流纹岩夹部分晶屑凝灰岩)为主, 夹少量玄武岩, 上部为玄武岩夹少量条带状大理岩.基性火山岩w(SiO2)为42.34%~49.55%, w(Na2O+K2O)为2.63%~8.81%.下部玄武岩w(Na2O)/w(K2O)值为0.54~1.5, 为钾玄岩系列, 稀土总量高, 且轻稀土富集, 平均w(La)n/w(Yb)n值为3.45, δ(Eu)为0.69~0.91, 具弱至中等的Eu负异常, 微量元素具有碱性板内玄武岩特征; 上部玄武岩w(Na2O)/w(K2O)为5.11~17.89, 为拉斑系列, 轻重稀土没有明显分异, δ(Eu)在0.81~1.13之间, 基本没有Eu异常, w(La)n/w(Yb)n平均为1.69, 配分曲线与大洋拉斑玄武岩一致, 微量元素显示LILE(如Rb、Ba、Th)富集, HFSE与大洋拉斑玄武岩一致.岩石地球化学反映从早到晚由碱性-钙碱系列逐渐向拉斑系列演化.在上部玄武岩中获得(1 200± 82.3)Ma的Sm-Nd等时线年龄.认为该套变质火山岩记录了古塔里木板块在中元古代大陆裂解的构造过程. 相似文献
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石炭系企鹅山群第二组火山-沉积岩是土屋铜矿的围岩,岩性以玄武岩为主。玄武岩为钠质亚碱性玄武岩;w(SiO2)为50.65%~54.13%;w(Al2O3)为16.48%~18.89%;w(Na2O)为2.02%~3.9%;w(K2O)为0.098%~1.76%;全碱w(Na2O+K2O)为2.118%~5.21%。微量元素蛛网图右倾,大离子亲石元素富集,高场强元素相对亏损,Nb-Ta负异常明显。稀土总量较低,ΣREE 50.64×10-6~117.73×10-6,轻稀土富集,轻重稀土分馏不明显,LREE/HREE为3.40~7.15,Eu为0.98~1.14,没有发生明显的斜长石结晶分异作用,δCe为0.94~0.99,氧化条件弱。玄武岩主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素结合构造环境图解分析显示企鹅山群第二组火山-沉积岩形成于岛弧环境。 相似文献
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铧厂沟地区碧口群玄武岩呈带状和透镜状分布于凝灰岩和凝灰质千枚岩中。在详细野外观察基础上,利用显微镜观察、主微量元素及放射性同位素分析等综合分析技术对玄武岩的岩石学、地球化学以及年代学特征进行了研究。结果表明:碧口群玄武岩普遍经历了绿片岩相的变质作用,主要矿物为斜长石、绿泥石和绿帘石;SiO_2(44.67%~49.76%)、TiO_2(1.14%~1.34%)含量较低,TFe_2O_3(12.03%~15.47%)、MgO(7.57%~9.3%)、CaO(7.29%~10.54%)含量较高。稀土总量较低,轻稀土亏损,重稀土富集。岩石微量元素和(?)石Hf同位素特征显示玄武岩形成环境可能类似N-MORB,起源于软流圈,并在上升过程中混入了古老的地壳物质。LA-ICP-MS锆石测年结果显示玄武岩的形成年龄为(316.3:±6.0)Ma(MSWD=0.78;n=7),表明碧口群火山岩系至少是两期(新元古代时期和晚古生代时期)火山作用的产物。其大规模形成时期为新元古代,后经晚古生代火山作用的叠加改造而成。 相似文献
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《地学前缘》2017,(6):98-109
松潘—甘孜造山带南缘的二叠系之中发育一套顺层产出的变玄武岩,岩石具有明显的变余枕状构造及气孔构造。本文对其进行了主微量元素分析,并探讨其岩石成因与成岩构造背景。变玄武岩具有低的SiO_2质量分数(47.56%~37.98%)与Nb/Zr值,其MgO(平均为18.95%)、Mg#值(平均为74.1)和Cr(平均为1 712×10~(-6))含量较高,表明原岩岩浆很可能起源于亏损地幔,主要由石榴石橄榄岩发生20%~25%的部分熔融形成。岩石MgO与Cr含量呈现良好的正相关,具有极低的La/Sm(2.86~1.02)、(Th/Yb)PM(2.42~0.56)、(Th/Ta)PM(1.21~0.43)和(La/Nb)PM(1.55~0.27)比值,说明岩浆演化过程中发生了含铬矿物的分离结晶,且没有遭受地壳物质的混染。变玄武岩稀土、微量配分型式及构造背景判别显示,岩石的化学成分与E-MORB及N-MORB相当。野外考察显示,与变玄武岩共生的岩石主要为二叠系大理岩,暗示变玄武岩原岩很可能形成于成熟的弧后盆地环境。结合二叠系还发育超基性岩的事实,本文认为该套变玄武岩可能是古特提斯洋的洋壳残余。另外成分对比显示,松潘—甘孜造山带南缘的二叠系变玄武岩并非峨眉山玄武岩浆活动的产物。 相似文献
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四川盆地华蓥山玄武岩出露于茅口组顶部,夹于龙潭组底部的杂色泥岩、页岩之间,岩性为灰黑色粗玄岩,底部致密块状,顶部见气孔—杏仁状构造。TAS图解显示玄武岩属于碱性与偏碱性过渡带上的拉斑玄武岩系列,TiO2含量介于2.92%~3.63%之间,Ti/Y值为465~567,属于高钛玄武岩(HT)。岩石LREE/HREE=3.25~3.96,轻稀土略富集,具有右倾平滑型稀土分配模式。华蓥山玄武岩与云南宾川,贵州赫章等地峨眉山玄武岩的地球化学特征相似,反映了相同的幔源性质。结合野外地质特征,认为华蓥山玄武岩应属峨眉地幔柱的一部分,是沿着华蓥山基底断裂发生裂隙式喷发的产物。研究区的高钛玄武岩Ce/Yb介于22.65~27.93,与前人报道的高钛玄武岩Ce/Yb比值范围基本一致,处于石榴石稳定区与尖晶石稳定区的过渡带,Th/Ta、Nb/U、La/Ta等比值反映出岩石受壳源物质的混染程度很低,可能是地幔柱轴部的产物。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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17.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
18.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
19.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
20.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献