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1.
小型桡足类在海洋生态系统中的功能作用 总被引：32，自引：10，他引：32
依据渤海周年的中型浮游动物网样品 ,研究了小型桡足类的优势种小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanusparvus)、强额拟哲水蚤 (Paracalanuscrassirostris)和双刺纺锤水蚤 (Acartiabifilosa)生物量的季节变动、分布和年产量 ,并与渤海大型桡足类的优势种中华哲水蚤 (Calanussinicus)进行了比较。结果表明 ,三种小型桡足类成体的年产量分别为 2 4 .89、1 0 .83和 1 9.5 4mgC/(m3·a) ,中华哲水蚤的年产量为 1 8.30mgC/(m3·a)。小型桡足类主要分布在近岸 ,特别是渤海湾和莱州湾 ,这里正好是许多经济鱼类的产卵场和育幼场 ;而中华哲水蚤主要分布在中央水域。小型桡足类的高峰季节持续时间长 ,从 4月到 1 0月 ,覆盖了几乎所有仔稚鱼大量出现的月份 ;而中华哲水蚤高峰季节持续时间短 ,仅 6月和 7月。另外 ,在粒度上 ,小型桡足类的卵、无节幼体、桡足幼体和成体都比中华哲水蚤等大型桡足类小了一个数量级 (按体积计 ) ,特别适合作为仔稚鱼的饵料。因此认为 ,在近海生态系统中 ,小型桡足类较之大型桡足类起更为重要的作用 相似文献
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黄海中南部近岸海域春季鱼类浮游生物群落空间格局研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
根据2015年春季在黄海中南部近岸海域进行的鱼类浮游生物大型浮游生物网水平拖网数据,采用生态多样性指数和多元统计分析等方法,研究了该海域鱼类浮游生物的种类组成和群落空间格局及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,本次调查共采集到鱼类浮游生物35种,其中鱼卵21种,仔稚鱼23种。鱼类浮游生物隶属于8目18科34属,优势种为鳀（Engraulis japonicus）、鲬（Platycephalus indicus）、鱼衔属（Callionymus spp.）和小黄鱼（Pseudosciaena polyactis）。其中,鳀和鱼衔属主要分布于海州湾渔场海域,鲬主要分布于吕泗渔场海域,小黄鱼多分布于吕泗渔场北部海域。生态类型包括半咸水型、沿岸型和近海型种类。聚类分析表明,鱼类浮游生物群落可划分为以鱼衔属、鳀为优势种的站位组A（主要分布于海州湾海域）、以小黄鱼、黄鲫（Setipinna taty）等为优势种的站位组B（主要位于江苏沿岸海域）和以鲬为优势种的站位组C（主要位于江苏沿岸-近海海域）,以站位组B的群落物种多样性指数和均匀度指数最高。各站位组的鱼类浮游生物的生态类型和适温类型组成不同,这与其所处的海域生境有关。典范对应分析（CCA）表明,影响春季黄海中南部鱼类浮游生物群落空间结构的主要环境因子为水深和表层温度。同时也受洋流、底质类型等多种因素的综合影响。研究结果初步揭示了黄海中南部近岸海域鱼类浮游生物群落的空间格局,可为今后科学制定该海域水产种质资源保护区、资源量化管理等资源养护管理措施提供科学依据与技术支撑。 相似文献
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Yong-Deuk Lee Jung Hwa Choi Seong Yong Moon Sun Kil Lee Woo-Seok Gwak 《Ocean Science Journal》2017,52(4):581-586
The purpose of this study is to research the characteristics of spawning grounds of Clupea pallasii found at 1 spawning ground located in the coast of Yeongun-ri, Tongyeong, Gyeongnam, and 3 stations in Jinhae Bay. Diving observation was performed from January to June, 2014 at the coast of Yeongun-ri, and from February to June, 2016 at Jinhae Bay after total 4 stations (A: Gusan-myeon, B: Haengamdong, C: Hacheong-myeon, D: Jam-do) were constituted. During observation period, 1 spawning ground was found in Tongyeong area in January. In Jinhae Bay spawning grounds were found at 3 stations (A, B, D) out of 4 stations in February. Regarding the surrounding environment of spawning ground found at Yeongunri, Tongyeong, various kinds of seaweeds were distributed up to 1–5 m depth, and many branch type red algae were distributed. In case of Jinhae Bay, seaweeds were widely distributed from shallow water to 5 m depth. In addition, the scope that eggs were attached was considerably wide compared to Tongyeong area, and they were found at all the 3 spots, so C. pallasii is thought to use Jinhae Bay for its spawning ground widely. Eggs were attached from the surface to 3–4 m, and like Tongyeong area, eggs were attached to mostly branch type of red algae. The results of this study suggest that the spawning season of the C. pallasii in coast waters off Gyeongnam is until mid-February. 相似文献
4.
There exists obvious difference in recapture rate of tagged shrimp in various sea areas and years in autumn season, but the majority of them (98%) are recaptured in the releasing year. Although the main portion of each shrimp group in the Bohai Sea has separate distribution area, they intermingle in autumn season to search for food, thus forming a principal fishing ground located in the central Bohai Sea.Those shrimps wintering in south-central portion of the Huanghai Sea are generally divided into two populations. One is called the Korean population, inhabiting along the western coast of Koera, which is less in abundance and smaller in shrimp size; and the other is called the Chinese population, inhibiting along the Bohai Sea coast and the Huanghai Sea coast of China, which is richer in abundance and larger in shrimp size. The spawning grounds of the latter extend throughout the Bohai Sea and off the Huanghai Sea coast of China, from the Yalujiang Estuary area in the north to the coastal waters of Haiz 相似文献
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通过2009-2011年5月下旬-7月下旬辽东湾北部近海10m等深线内的大型水母调查数据,分析了辽东湾北部近海近三年中大型水母资源状况,并探讨了辽东湾大型水母的生态类型。结果显示:辽东湾北部近海大型水母种类主要有海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)、沙蜇(Nemopilema nomurai)、白色霞水母(Cyanea nozakii)、海月水母(Aurelia sp.1),海蜇和沙蜇是优势种。海蜇幼水母阶段主要集中分布在5m等深线以内的近岸河口水域,随着个体增大有略向深水或密度较小的水域扩散的趋势,仍主要分布在5m等深线两侧水域,属于高温低盐种类。6月份调查海区中发现大量的沙蜇幼水母,随着沙蜇个体增大,7月份调查海区中沙蜇数量大幅度减少。辽东湾海月水母在南部海域出现较多,2010、2011年在北部近海部分海域出现。白色霞水母近几年来辽东湾出现较少,栖息在盐度较高的水域。辽东湾各种大型水母中,沙蜇的生长速度最快。辽东湾海蜇幼水母、沙蜇幼水母的海区出现时间要晚于黄、东海。 相似文献
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三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)是莱州湾最重要的经济蟹类,其资源丰度受栖息环境影响显著,为了解不同的环境因子对其栖息地分布的影响,根据2010~2020年夏季底拖网调查数据,研究莱州湾三疣梭子蟹栖息地适宜性及其影响因子。利用广义可加模型(generalized additive models,GAM)选取变量因子,通过提升回归树模型(boosting regression tree,BRT)对因子进行权重分析,构建了4种栖息地适宜性指数(habitat suitability index,HSI)模型,并通过实测值和预测值的Pearson检验,对模型比较和验证。结果表明,GAM和BRT优化的HSI模型好于其他3种模型(未优化模型,GAM优化HSI模型,BRT优化HSI模型),以生物量表征资源丰度的模型好于尾数表征资源丰度的模型,算术平均法构建的HSI模型的整体预测准确率和相关系数高于几何平均法,对莱州湾三疣梭子蟹栖息地有较强的预测能力。底层水温、底层盐度和水深对三疣梭子蟹栖息地影响较大,夏季栖息地适宜性较高的海域(HSI>0.7)主要分布在莱州湾南部、东南部和东北部海域,中部和西南部海域分布较少。研究结果为莱州湾三疣梭子蟹增殖放流工作提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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根据2011年及2013?2018年春、秋两季在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的底拖网调查数据，研究该海域短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)的资源分布特征及其受环境因子和饵料生物的影响，并比较了两种模型(普通GAM模型和PCA-GAM模型)对其资源分布的预测效果，采用交叉验证的方法对模型的预测能力及拟合效果进行评价。结果显示:PCA-GAM模型的拟合度及预测效果均优于普通GAM模型。春、秋两季海州湾短吻红舌鳎资源丰度均呈现南高北低、近岸浅水区大于深水区的分布特征，因为海州湾南部近岸海域较高的水温利于春、秋季短吻红舌鳎产卵群体性腺发育，较低的盐度利于其鱼卵及仔鱼的生长发育，同时，近岸海域丰富的饵料资源为产卵后的亲体提供大量食物供给。分别应用两种模型预测了2018年春季和秋季短吻红舌鳎在海州湾的资源分布，结果显示，PCA-GAM模型的预测值与实际调查的结果更为吻合，预测效果要优于普通GAM模型。本研究为今后开展渔业生物空间分布的研究提供了一种新的方法。 相似文献
8.
张仁斋 《海洋学报(英文版)》1984,3(3):409-416
The present investigation a baled on the collection of the eggs and larvae in the past several years during March, 1964 to February 1965, January to October 1973, January 1975 to May 1976, and January 1978 to February 1979 respectively from the South China Sea. The plank-tonic larvae of Katsuwonus pelamis albacores and Auxis (hazard were examined for the occurrence and distribution in those waters. According to the occurrence of these larvae, one will be able to conjecture their activity area and spawning season of the adult species in the South China Sea. The main spawning season of the three species is from April to August in those years. 相似文献
9.
T. M. Ward J. Staunton-Smith S. Hoyle I. A. Halliday 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,56(5-6):1125-1140
The diverse pelagic fish assemblage of sub-tropical southern Queensland includes fishes with predominantly temperate distributions, such as tailor Pomatomus saltatrix, sardine Sardinops sagax, round herring Etrumeus teres, and Australian anchovy Engraulis australis. The peak spawning seasons of P. saltatrix, S. sagax and E. teres occur during late winter and early spring (June–October). Eggs and larvae of these three species are widely distributed in shelf waters and comprise >50% of the ichthyoplankton assemblage during this period. Mean monthly sea surface temperatures (SSTs) during late winter and early spring range from 21 to 23 °C, and are thus similar to those recorded in southern Australia during summer and autumn, which is the spawning season of these three species in those temperate waters. E. australis eggs occur mainly in inshore waters, and comprise >50% of fish eggs collected during summer and autumn when mean monthly SSTs in southern Queensland exceed 27 °C. E. australis also spawns mainly during summer and autumn in temperate Australia. Hence, water temperature may be less important as a determinant of the spawning season of E. australis than it is for the other three species. The suitability of southern Queensland for spawning by predominantly temperate species during late winter and early spring may contribute to the high diversity of the region's pelagic fish assemblage. Adult P. saltatrix, S. sagax and E. teres appear to migrate northwards into southern Queensland during early winter to spawn, and larvae may be transported southwards into temperate waters by the East Australian Current. This dispersal-migration pattern is similar to those observed for several species, including P. saltatrix, in the western boundary current systems off the east coasts of North America and Africa. Hence, pelagic fishes in ecosystems off the east coast of three continents migrate into sub-tropical waters to spawn, and larvae are transported back into temperate nursery areas by the prevailing current. 相似文献
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根据2006—2007年4个季度拖网专项调查数据,以鮸为目标种,以机轮底拖网禁渔区线内侧及毗邻海域为目标区域,对鮸资源时空分布特征进行分析,并探讨形成机制,结果表明:(1)江苏海域的鮸主要分布于34°00′N以南海域,主产卵区位于辐射沙脊群海域及周边近岸海域,春季为主要产卵期;(2)江苏省中南部海域为鮸早期幼体的过渡性索饵场所,幼鱼群体随时间推移呈逐步分散趋势;(3)鮸在江苏海域的栖息时间为春、夏、秋3个季节,冬季呈零星分布;(4)海底地形地貌、潮汐和海流类型、辐射沙脊群等特征要素是影响区域生物生态的重要因子。 相似文献
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The commercially important sergestid shrimp,Sergia lucens (Hansen), has long been considered an endemic species of Japan because it had been found only in Suruga Bay and neighbouring waters. Recently, however, a considerable amount of a similar shrimp was caught by trawl nets off Tung-kang, southwestern Taiwan. This shrimp is distributed at depths of 100–300 m on the continental slope, around a deep submarine canyon adjacent to the mouth of the Kao-ping River. A morphological comparison with specimens from Suruga Bay reveals that the shrimp is identical toS. lucens. However, a slight difference in the patterns of water-soluble proteins was observed in a thin layer isoelectrophoretic examination. A difference was also observed in the spawning season of the two populations, indicating sexual and geographic isolation. Considering the distribution and phylogeny of the family Sergestidae, based on a possible evolutionary development from a benthic neritic organism to a pelagic oceanic one along the generaSicyonella-Sergestes-Sergia, it is assumed thatS. lucens entered a lower epipelagic habitat in the coastal waters from the warm oceanic mesopelagic habitat of the original stock. A hypothesis is proposed that speciation ofS. lucens from the original stock occurred when it was trapped in a semi-enclosed inlet (the paleo-East China Sea Gulf) that existed at the present Okinawa Trough during the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene. The inlet was deep, but had a neritic environment due to drainage from ancient large river systems, including the paleo-Yangtze River. The species expanded its distribution to the neighbouring waters during the warm interglacial period. However, a rapid rise in sea level after 14,000 years significantly changed the environmental conditions in the distributional area and the species could not expand into a neritic environment, which was too shallow for survival. Accordingly,S. lucens populations remained only in Suruga Bay and Tung-kang waters, where the environment has remained stable for the last 17,000 years or more. The two areas have the following common characteristics:
- A large amount of fresh water is discharged into the deep submarine canyon adjacent to the river mouth.
- The northeastern part is surrounded by land so that a direct inflow of boreal water into the environment is blocked.
- Warm Kuroshio extension water intrudes and mixes with water from the rivers, and for Suruga Bay there is a current system that keeps distribution of the eggs and larvae restricted to the local habitats.
14.
Composition of the organic matter of the water,suspended matter,and bottom sediments in Nha Trang Bay in Vietnam in the South China Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
V. I. Peresypkin A. V. Smurov N. A. Shulga E. S. Safonova T. G. Smurova Ch. V. Bang 《Oceanology》2011,51(6):959-968
Research has been conducted in Nha Trang Bay (Southern Vietnam, the South China Sea) at the section from the estuary of the
Cai River to the marine part of the bay, as well as in the area of coral reefs. The objects of the studies are the river and
sea waters, the suspended matter, and the bottom sediments. Data on the dissolved organic carbon and the total nitrogen in
the water are obtained. The organic carbon content is estimated in the suspended matter; the organic carbon and the molecular
and group composition of the n-alkanes are determined in the bottom sediments. The molecular and group composition of the n-alkanes in the bottom sediments of the landfill have made it possible to identify three types of organic matter (OM): marine,
mixed, and of mainly terrigenous origin. All the types of OM are closely related to the specificity of the sedimentation and
the hydrodynamics of the waters in this water area. 相似文献
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The quantitative distribution of the starfish was analyzed in Vostok Bay, Nakhodka Bay, and Kievka Bay (the Sea of Japan).
Nine species were found. Three species of Asteroidea dominated (Asterina pectinifera, Asterias amurensis, and Leptasterias sp.). The population density of A. pectinifera and A. amurensis was higher in the shallow waters compared to the sublittoral zone. The frequency of the occurrence, the biomass, and the
population density of Leptasterias sp. were the highest for the shallow waters and decreased accordingly when the water temperature decline on the transect
from Vostok Bay to Kievka Bay. In Kievka Bay, which was characterized by the lowest water temperatures, Leptasterias sp. dominated in the littoral and sublittoral zones followed by A. pectinifera and A. amurensis. 相似文献
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黄海鲱鱼的产卵场及其资源保护 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
目前黄渤海成汛经济鱼类已不足十种,而黄海区太平洋鲱鱼(Clupea pallasi,简称黄海鲱鱼),自1967年以来已成为黄海的重要渔业,曾经左右黄海渔业总产量。1973年以来,虽然产量逐步下降,目前仍为黄海能成汛的经济鱼类之一。但其世代波动较大,涉及因素较多,现着重对其产卵场及资源保护问题进行探讨。 相似文献
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Valerio Visconti Elizabeth D. L. Trip Marc H. Griffiths Kendall D. Clements 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2018,52(1):82-99
The leatherjacket Meuschenia scaber is widely distributed in Australasian waters, and is a valued bycatch of inshore bottom trawl fisheries although little is known of its life history. Here, we describe the reproductive biology of the species based on 651 leatherjackets sampled in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand, between July 2014 and March 2016. The maximum total length (LT) recorded for females and males were 320 and 315?mm, respectively, with both sexes present in all size classes. Monthly analysis of gonad condition revealed a clear spawning season from late austral winter to early summer (August–December), and histological analysis of the ovaries revealed that M. scaber is an indeterminate serial spawning gonochorist. The estimated sizes at sexual maturity (L50) for females (189.9?mm LT) and males (188.4?mm LT) did not differ significantly. Relatively small testes, sexual dimorphism and underwater observation of nesting suggest that M. scaber is a paired spawner. 相似文献
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自2007年以来，黄海海域已连续爆发大规模浒苔绿潮并造成了严重的经济损失。在苏北浅滩条斑紫菜养殖筏架上的定生浒苔被认为是漂浮绿潮藻的主要来源。然而，现阶段对筏架定生绿藻的种源基础并不清楚。因此，在本研究中，我们通过现场调查结合室内试验来揭示了筏架定生绿藻的繁殖体源。同时，为了对黄海大规模绿潮进行防控，我们对防止绿藻在紫菜养殖筏架的附着做了相关研究。结果表明，（1）包括浒苔、缘管浒苔、扁浒苔、曲浒苔以及盘苔这五种海藻的微观繁殖体共同存在于苏北浅滩海域的水体及沉积物中，而且在不同时期它们的比例变化明显。（2）经过去皮处理后的毛竹可明显抑制浒苔微观繁殖体的附着。通过本研究，我们明确分布于苏北浅滩海域的绿藻微观繁殖体是黄海大规模绿潮的种源基础。同时，我们为从源头防控黄海大规模绿潮的发生提供了一个可行的手段。 相似文献
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根据2014年8月和10月、2015年2月和5月使用单船底拖网进行的4个航次调查数据,对山东半岛近岸海区的莱州湾及渤海南部、山东半岛北部和山东半岛南部等3个海域蟹类种类组成、时空分布、优势种、群落结构稳定性等群落结构特征进行了研究。结果显示,4次调查共捕获蟹类20种,隶属于10科17属,其中日本蟳（Charybdis japonica）和三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）是主要经济种类,其余均为小型饵料型蟹类;海区内主要的优势种为双斑蟳（Charybdis bimaculata）、日本蟳（Charybdis japonica）和三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）,3个海域优势种季节更替均十分明显;莱州湾及渤海南部和山东半岛南部2个海域生物量季节变化明显,春季较低,在夏季达到峰值,夏季到冬季呈降低趋势,山东半岛北部海域生物量季节变化不明显。3个海域蟹类群落物种多样性指数（H'）、丰富度指数（D）及均匀度指数（J'）均处于较低水平,并有一定的季节变化;水深、水温和盐度是影响蟹类群落结构的重要因子,渤莱沿岸流、黄海暖流和黄海冷水团通过影响海域内水温与盐度影响蟹类群落结构。研究表明山东半岛近岸海区蟹类以小型饵料型蟹类为主,蟹类多样性水平较低,优势种更替明显,群落季节更替指数较高,季节间迁移频繁,蟹类群落不稳定。 相似文献