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1.
深水低勘探领域是当今世界油气勘探关注的热点之一,有效烃源岩发育程度是低勘探领域烃源岩早期评价首先需要回答的关键问题。而低勘探领域钻井稀少,缺乏采样分析资料,严重制约着烃源岩早期预测。针对这一严峻挑战,本文在借鉴邻区井孔实测资料的基础上,充分利用层序地层学、有机地球化学和地球物理技术,探讨了以多项烃源岩参数为主的5项烃源岩早期预测评价方法,即（1）利用层序地层分析方法确定有利烃源岩发育层段;（2）利用地震速度-岩性定量预测方法确定烃源岩厚度;（3）利用地震绝对速度定量估算烃源岩成熟度Ro;（4）运用地震相转沉积相,再由沉积相转有机相方法预测烃源岩有机相类型和分布;（5）烃源岩层段综合评价优选。应用该方法对华光凹陷海陆过渡相烃源岩进行了烃源岩早期预测,发现崖城组各段烃源岩厚度具有北厚南薄的特征,崖二段烃源岩最厚可达450m;崖城组烃源岩热演化程度整体较高,受埋深影响,崖三段烃源岩Ro值最高;崖二段浅海相烃源岩分布范围最大,滨岸平原沼泽相最窄,崖一段和崖三段浅海相烃源岩分布范围小,但滨岸平原沼泽相烃源岩分布最宽,并且扇三角洲分流平原沼泽相烃源岩分布较广;烃源岩综合评价分析认为崖二段是最有利烃源岩,崖一段和崖三段是较有利烃源岩。 相似文献
2.
南海北部深水区白云凹陷古近系烃源岩的早期预测 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
烃源岩评价是深水区油气勘探非常关键的问题,由于深水区没有井钻穿始新统,所以本研究只能根据相邻浅水区钻井和区域对比的方法,通过层序地层格架、沉积相、地震相、地震速度岩性等资料与相邻地区对比识别烃源岩,确定烃源岩的性质和分布。白云凹陷古近系地层沉积中,沉积密集段具有如下特征:(1)准层序逐步向岸推进;(2)陆源碎屑物质供应不足;(3)水体相对较深的中深湖细粒沉积发育。地震反射特征与有利烃源岩具有良好的对应关系,白云凹陷恩平组湖扩体系域和文昌组湖扩体系域发育中弱振幅、中低频率和中高连续性地震相,是有利烃源岩发育区。利用单井资料建立起一个通过孔隙度来预测烃源层有机质成熟度的预测模型,泥岩孔隙度可以较容易从地震信息中获取,从而对白云凹陷的烃源层的热演化程度进行初步评价。根据沉积相与有机相的关系,直接将沉积相转换为有机相,预测有机相类型。在白云凹陷深水烃源岩预测实践的基础上,本文总结了一套深水区烃源岩早期评价方法,包括:(1)层序格架分析法确定有利烃源岩发育的垂向位置;(2)地震反射特征分析法确定烃源岩的横向分布范围;(3)根据泥岩层速度计算烃源岩热成熟度;(4)沉积相转有机相预测有机相类型。(5)对烃源岩进行综合评价优选次洼。 相似文献
3.
琼东南盆地陵水凹陷深层渐新统陵水组烃源岩的沉积成因机制和发育分布规律,成为制约现阶段深水区油气勘探的关键问题。综合应用二维地震资料和钻井资料,将陵水组地层划分为3个三级层序。在层序地层格架内,共识别出丘状、楔状前积、斜交前积、席状、下切充填、波状等典型地震相类型。依据地震沉积学理论进行了沉积相解释,识别出滨岸平原、浅海、半深海、海底扇、扇三角洲等5种沉积相类型,并分层序分析了受分隔性古隆起影响的滨浅海沉积体系的平面展布特征。结合地球化学资料,建立了滨岸平原含煤系烃源岩和陆源海相烃源岩的沉积发育模式:腐殖型含煤系烃源岩主要分布于陵水凹陷东侧松南低凸起和南侧陵南低凸起边缘的滨岸平原相带内,有机质来源为陆生高等植物;陆源海相烃源岩主要发育于扇三角洲体系与浅海相、半深海相的过渡带,有机质来源为陆生高等植物与水生生物的混合。 相似文献
4.
低勘探领域(深层、深水和新区)是今后油气勘探的重要方向,而有没有有效烃源岩将决定该领域是否具有勘探价值,因此烃源岩评价是低勘探领域早期评价的关键。由于少井条件下烃源岩的评价参数几乎均未知,因此,低勘探程度与烃源岩早期评价是一对矛盾。针对低勘探领域的资料条件,探讨了在层序地层框架基础上的多项烃源岩参数的早期预测及综合评价方法。主要包括4个方面,即(1)层序地层格架分析法确定主力烃源岩层段;(2)地震速度岩性分析法确定烃源岩厚度;(3)烃源岩镜质体反射率地震预测法估算烃源岩成熟度;(4)烃源岩综合评价。本方法充分利用层序地层学方法和地球物理技术,实现了低勘探程度与烃源岩早期评价之间矛盾的转化,成为低勘探领域烃源岩早期预测的一种新方法。 相似文献
5.
低勘探程度盆地烃源岩早期预测方法研究 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
低勘探领域(深层、深水和新区)是今后油气勘探的重要方向,而有没有有效烃源岩将决定该领域是否具有勘探价值,因此烃源岩评价是低勘探领域早期评价的关键。由于少井条件下烃源岩的评价参数几乎均未知,因此,低勘探程度与烃源岩早期评价是一对矛盾。针对低勘探领域的资料条件,探讨了在层序地层框架基础上的多项烃源岩参数的早期预测及综合评价方法。主要包括4个方面,即(1)层序地层格架分析法确定主力烃源岩层段;(2)地震速度岩性分析法确定烃源岩厚度;(3)烃源岩镜质体反射率地震预测法估算烃源岩成熟度;(4)烃源岩综合评价。本方法充分利用层序地层学方法和地球物理技术,实现了低勘探程度与烃源岩早期评价之间矛盾的转化,成为低勘探领域烃源岩早期预测的一种新方法。 相似文献
6.
地震资料在徐家围子断陷沙河子组潜在烃源岩预测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
徐家围子勘探实践表明,沙河子组烃源岩的分布控制着烃类气藏的分布。通过比较各种勘探方法及在研究区的具体适用情况,以及在徐家围子断陷勘探程度和各种资料综合分析的基础上,确定以地震相法为主要预测方法。根据钻遇沙河子组地层的单井沉积相并结合井点地震反射特征,总结出4 类沙河子组潜在烃源岩的地震反射特征,并在全断陷对沙河子组的烃源岩品质进行整体评价。结合沙河子组地层厚度、有机碳指标、Ｒo 值、泥地比值和地震相特征等烃源岩品质评价的依据,将沙河子组烃源岩有利区划分为I 类区、II1 类区和II2 类区以及III 类区。 相似文献
7.
河套盆地临河坳陷作为低勘探程度区,明确生烃灶分布是盆地油气勘探的关键任务。而该盆地钻井稀少,缺乏采样分析资料,严重制约着烃源岩早期预测。因此利用有机地球化学、地震沉积学和地球物理技术,综合预测了主力烃源灶的分布。研究表明,白垩系固二段及渐新统临二段发育低频-强振幅相和弱振幅-空白相两类偏泥地震相,低频-强振幅相发育范围广泛,对应有机质丰度较高的暗色泥岩,而弱振幅-空白相发育较广泛,对应有机质丰度较小的灰黑色、灰色泥岩;固二段最有利的半深湖相烃源岩呈“多湖”分布特征,而临二段半深湖相烃源岩集中分布于北东部;两套烃源岩厚度具有北厚南薄的特征,临二段烃源岩最厚可达700 m;综合评价分析认为固二段发育两个生烃灶,其中西南部的生烃灶面积大、有机质丰度高、厚度较大,是最有利的生烃灶;临二段在北东部发育一个生烃灶,面积大、有机质丰度较高、厚度大,可作为最有利的生烃灶。实践表明,该方法在稀井、少井条件下能有效预测主力生烃灶分布,对油气成藏认识提供重要参考,同时为低勘探领域烃源岩分布早期预测及评价提供了新思路和方法体系。 相似文献
8.
呼和湖凹陷是海拉尔盆地未来油气勘探的新战场,目前勘探程度较低,关于烃源岩的认识比较薄弱,精细评价该区烃源岩对有利区带预测具有重要意义。以层序地层学和地球化学理论为指导,综合运用有机碳(TOC)、生烃潜量Pg(S1+S2)、氯仿沥青"A"、干酪根元素特征、岩石热解特征和干酪根类型指数(KTI)及显微组分特征、镜质组反射率(Ro)和源岩甾萜烷特征等方面资料,从不同层序和同一层序不同体系域对呼和湖凹陷的烃源岩特征进行综合评价研究。结果表明,呼和湖凹陷烃源岩非均质性特征明显,烃源岩生烃的层位主要分布于Sq4、Sq3和Sq2层序的湖侵体系域和高位体系域,尤其是Sq3和Sq2层序的湖侵体系域中。应用这一方法进行烃源岩评价,不仅对呼和湖凹陷的油气勘探工作具有重要的意义,同时对于勘探程度低、钻井稀少的含油气盆地中的烃源岩评价工作更为有效。 相似文献
9.
利用地震相识别优质烃源岩--以辽中凹陷沙三段为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用地震资料,在沙三段精细层位标定的基础上,进行辽中凹陷沙三段地震地层的追踪解释。根据优质烃源岩的定义及判识标准,即主要为一套富含有机质的中深湖相暗色泥岩沉积,识别出优质烃源岩地震相主要呈低频、连续、强反射特征。在地震相和沉积相分析的基础上,建立了辽中凹陷三个次洼优质烃源岩地震相-沉积相模式,并对辽中凹陷沙三段优质烃源岩进行了分布预测,研究表明辽中凹陷沙三段优质烃源岩在北洼分布范围较大,中洼次之,南洼分布最小;在辽中北洼,整个沙三段均有分布;在辽中凹陷中洼,优质烃源岩发育于沙三中亚段;在辽中凹陷南洼,主要发育于沙三段下部。 相似文献
10.
如何利用有限的烃源岩样品的实验分析数据和地质资料尽可能地提高烃源岩评价和预测的精度,是当今烃源岩地球化学研究亟需解决的问题.采用层序地层学与油气地球化学相结合的方法,研究了非洲尼日尔Termit盆地基于层序地层格架下,上白垩统Yogou组烃源岩空间分布特征及有机质地球化学性质,初步展示了层序地层格架下烃源岩地球化学研究的方法、应用效果及优势.Termit盆地上白垩统Yogou组海相泥页岩是该盆地主要的烃源层,自下而上可划分为YSQ1、YSQ2和YSQ3共3个三级层序.根据层序/体系域发育特征、岩性录井和测井曲线响应特征,识别出外陆棚、内陆棚、三角洲、滨岸相泥岩及煤/炭质泥岩共5种不同沉积类型的烃源岩,不同层序与体系域具有不同的烃源岩纵向叠置关系和横向分布特征.不同类型的烃源岩有机质具有明显不同的地球化学性质:外陆棚和内陆棚泥岩有机质丰度中等-好,有机质生物来源中,低等水生生物贡献高,沉积于偏还原的沉积环境.滨岸和三角洲相泥岩有机质丰度高,具有低等水生生物和高等植物来源的双重贡献,沉积于偏氧化的沉积环境.三级层序或其体系域控制下的沉积相分布和演化导致不同类型烃源岩的发育和横向分布特征,同一沉积相类型的烃源岩具有相似的地球化学性质.与传统的以组、段为单元的烃源岩地球化学研究相比,层序地层格架下的烃源岩评价可以刻画不同层序、不同体系域和沉积相带烃源岩有机质地球化学性质的差异,提高资源评价和油-源对比的精度. 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
15.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
16.
17.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
18.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献