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结合钻孔与探地雷达探测古海相层尖灭点的测量方法与图像处理原则,本研究在沿渤海西南岸分布的8个相关钻孔附近开展了探测,经图像处理、与钻孔对比分析以及在特征位置钻探浅钻的方式,获得了5处最大海侵尖灭点的位置、地层剖面形态以及高程等信息.结合6ka B.P.、2ka B.P.左右和现代黄河流路变迁史及沿岸贝壳堤分布情况,揭示了最大海侵时期小清河向北至漳卫新河范围主要为古黄河形成的广阔三角洲潮滩地貌,海侵线远离海岸线深入内陆,其上的贝壳堤形成主要与黄河流路变迁相关;而渤海湾西南岸黄骅、沧州附近及以北主要为沼泽-潟湖-沙坝海岸地貌特征,海侵线由潟湖的陆侧边缘向海逐渐推进,沿岸分布的6ka B.P.左右贝壳堤的形成则是基于沿岸堤,并伴随风暴作用发育而来.莱州湾南岸依据埋藏古河道古湖泊的分布情况,推断该区全新世最大海侵前后具有与现代相似的海岸地貌特征,海侵时,海水直抵当时最大高潮线附近,使得海岸线与海侵线几乎相当.依据剖面地形校正结果可知,最大海侵时,海水侵入内陆至现代地表高程5.8～ 10.3m范围,后期新构造运动造成的隆起与下沉的区域差异,使得不同区域海侵层高程发生相应的变化,该结果为进一步估算海平面变化提供重要基础. 相似文献
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快速掘进急需构建掘进前方高精度二维地质模型。以沁水煤田某矿区XY-S工作面为例,基于三维地震解释成果,利用巷道掘进过程中煤层底板高程实测信息,动态刷新三维地震平均速度场,更新掘进前方煤层底板高程,最后对掘进前方预测的精度进行统计分析。结果表明:通过不断利用掘进实测煤层底板高程,刷新平均速度场,更新掘进前方煤层底板地质剖面,掘进前方煤层底板剖面与实际揭露剖面之间误差逐渐越小,实测点前方25 m和50 m范围的煤层底板高程最小绝对误差可达0.2 m和0.45 m。若实测点数据密度大、分布均匀,预测精度将会进一步得到提高,可为快速掘进提供高精度煤层底板导航数据。 相似文献
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根据中国沿海全新世海进海退时代的一致性及对渤海沿岸平原、苏北平原和长江三角洲平原的牡蛎礁、贝壳堤底板和海侵层项板等古海面标志物的高程、年代及其与古海面关系的分析对比,消除了地壳运动的影响。本文认为中国沿海全新世中期5000—7000aBp存在着+2—+3m的高海平面,它是当时全球温暖气候通过海水温度—体积效应造成的全球平均海平面变化(eustatic change)的反映;同时区域大地水准面的垂直变化和水平移动对海平面的影响值得深入研究;此外大陆径流量,沿海降水量季及风环流的变化也可能对沿海海平面产生过一定影响。 相似文献
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渤海湾泥质海岸带国土资源大调查以其特有的方法、手段和要求,获得了一批带有地质调查特点的、关于全新世地层与近现代地质环境变化的阶段性成果,主要包括:1)该地区海岸带全新世地层具有4种沉积类型:(A)远离海岸的传统的"三分"型;(B)海相层与陆(海陆过渡)相层的多次交替;(C)末次冰期后期未接受沉积,全新统半咸水的海陆过渡相直接覆于历时约10～20ka的沉积间断面上,向上,进一步发育为海相层;(D)沿海低洼地区在末次盛冰期后的晚更新世晚期即已进入海侵阶段,晚更新世晚期与全新世早期的海陆过渡相沉积是连续的,向上继续发育海相层.2)从以海水影响为主的开放潮坪(及浅海区)环境转变为(陆源影响逐渐加强的)湖-盐沼环境,是研究区中晚全新世地质环境转变的重要特征,建立了表征这两种不同环境的非正式地层单位("灰色单元"与"黄色单元").3)牡蛎礁与贝壳堤的对比方案,以牡蛎礁对应潮坪的贝类繁盛期,牡蛎礁中的水平再搬运夹层和/或上覆泥质盖层(往往形成"岭地")对应贝壳堤成堤.4)大比例尺区调地质点(浅孔)揭示了中晚全新世(近现代)地质环境变化,编绘出约4500calB.P.以来小于1ka时段的二维、假三维环境系列图.一个实例是Ⅱ贝壳堤向陆侧的洼地甚至早于该堤的形成,推测洼地边缘的NNW向的埋藏线性凸起可能受同一方向的新构造活动控制.5)渤海湾沿海平原线性砂坝(障壁岛)-湖/盐沼成因假说.作为堆积贝壳堤正地形的补偿,堤前因"簸选"贝壳导致的潮坪负地形,同样可发育湖沉积.6)210pb/137Cs测年研究提供了该地区现代沉积速率的初步结果(＜0.1cm/a或＞3cm/a不等),据此将海岸带划分为不同的沉积类型区. 相似文献
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根据中国沿海全新世海进海退时代的一致性及对渤海沿岸平原、苏北平原和长江三角洲平原的牡蝠礁、贝壳堤底板和海侵层项板等古海面标志物的高程、年代及其与古海面关系的分析对比，消除了地壳运动的影响。本文认为中国沿海全新世中期5000-7000aBp存在着+ 2~+3m的高海平面，它是当时全球温暖气侯通过海水温度—体积效应造成的全球平均海平面变化(eustatic change )的反映;同时区域大地水准面的垂直变化和水平移动对海平面的影响值得深人研究;此外大陆径流量，沿海降水量季及风环流的变化也可能对沿海海平面产生过一定影响。 相似文献
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李文平 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1992,(2)
通过野外地质调查和实测地层剖面,采集岩石、古生物样品鉴定,在大巴山南缘地区发现有石炭系存在,其岩性和微体化石特征可与川东地区中石炭统黄龙组对比。因此石炭纪的沉积边界不在宣汉双石庙和黄龙附近,而应在大巴山城口大断裂以北,明确了石炭系的分布范围。本区中石炭世属海湾潮坪环境沉积,潮汐作用标志清楚,结合岩性、古生物等特征将其划分为潮下带、潮间带和潮上带,其间又可分为潟湖和粒屑滩亚相。经过对古构造的研究,认为中石炭纪的分布及相带展布与加里东期形成的古隆起有关,从古坳陷到各古隆起由潮下带变为潮间带和潮上带。而次级亚相又受中石炭世沉积期的古构造控制,即坳陷区为潟湖亚 相似文献
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寺河矿为一个千万吨级特大型现代化矿井,截止2006年底,矿井三维地震勘探面积已达51km^2,目前采掘范围为二盘区和三盘区,面积分别为6．8km^2和2．8km^2。对比三维地震解释成果与矿井采掘区域实际揭露地质异常,发现早期的常规解释技术手段,在山区复杂地震地质条件下,勘探效果较差,难以满足高产高效矿井生产要求。建议根据采掘得到的相关煤层底板标高、补充钻孔数据、构造及异常数据,利用最新解释技术,在原有地震资料解释技术的基础上,重新进行层位标定,重点利用地震方差体解释技术及属性分析,更好地解释断层、陷落柱等地质异常,进而提高解释精度。 相似文献
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湖岸地貌不仅可以与湖相沉积物共同指示湖泊演化过程,同时还是具有较高观赏价值的地貌景观,因此成为重要的地质遗迹。内蒙古克什克腾世界地质公园达里诺尔园区保存了大量的地质遗迹,对湖泊演化及气候变化具有很好的指示意义。本研究从地貌角度出发,对达里诺尔园区代表古湖面的湖蚀穴、湖蚀凹槽、湖蚀柱和湖蚀崖等湖蚀地貌,湖岸堤和湖成阶地等湖积地貌,以及河流地貌和冰缘地貌进行详细的野外地质调查,通过剖面实测并与湖岸沉积物和湖心钻孔岩心进行对比,判断达里湖全新世以来湖水面的变化,进而重建湖泊的演化过程。湖蚀地貌表明,达里湖曾存在4期明显的高湖面,海拔高度分别为1303 m、1296 m、1288 m和1277 m;而在1280 m以下主要发育湖成阶地和湖岸堤等湖积地貌。被称为世界最窄河流耗来河的不断发育代表了湖水位不断下降的过程,古冰楔及其上覆的硅藻土的发育指示了一次湖退和一次湖进事件。该研究对季风边缘区湖泊演化历史的重建可提供参考。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献