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根据对冰区溢油的行为与归宿的研究, 参照渤海的冰情建立了冰区溢油预报数值模型, 可预报冰区的溢油行为与归宿, 包括溢油的扩散、漂移等过程.采用跟踪"粒子流"法进行了数值计算, 验证了风、流、冰等环境因素对冰区溢油行为的影响. 相似文献
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海洋溢油事件时有发生,探索基于铅同位素特征信息为指标的溢油鉴别技术,在海上溢油鉴别中有着十分重要的意义.本文利用极性较强的二氯甲烷溶解原油样品,分散均匀后在浓硝酸-双氧水氧化消解体系下微波消解,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定原油中铅的含量及铅同位素比值(208 pb/206 Pb、208 pb/204 Pb及208 pb/207 Pb),建立了基于铅同位素为特征信息的一种新的油源鉴别辅助技术.实验优化了ICP-MS工作参数,并利用铅标准溶液对同位素积分时间进行优化,提高同位素测定的精密度.结果表明,原油中铅元素测定方法的准确度较高,不确定度＜5％,重现性较好,相对标准偏差小于2％(n=3).该方法应用于测定渤海、南海及国外不同来源的原油样品,分析结果显示不同地区原油中铅元素含量的差异性较大,浓度范围为37.99 ～ 1213.00 μg/kg.考察了铅同位素比值信息,以208 pb/207 Pb与208 pb/206 Pb为变量,能够对不同区域原油样品进行分类,我国南海原油样品与其他油源的原油样品差异性明显.本文建立的油源鉴别技术能为油源的初步筛选提供一定的辅助作用. 相似文献
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在统计分析我国2000~2018年油气生产量、消费量及进口量数据的基础上,通过研究与总结我国当前油气需求及勘探开发特点,提出了我国未来油气勘探的趋势,并认为中国油气资源在未来较长期将处于短缺状态.剖析了自然生态产品的价值及油气勘探开发对生态产品价值的影响,阐述政府应对油气产业实施并加强生态管理与规划.政府可通过健全法律法规和激励型环境经济政策培养生态产品市场,分层次对油气产业进行精细管理,并建立国家能源生态技术实验室,通过在生态敏感区规划建立油气区生态产品示范项目,不断提升油气区自然生态产品的价值,对石油天然气产业实行生态产品管理机制,为稳步推进自然生态产品价值的实现奠定基础. 相似文献
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在统计分析我国2000~2018年油气生产量、消费量及进口量数据的基础上，通过研究与总结我国当前油气需求及勘探开发特点，提出了我国未来油气勘探的趋势，并认为中国油气资源在未来较长期将处于短缺状态.剖析了自然生态产品的价值及油气勘探开发对生态产品价值的影响，阐述政府应对油气产业实施并加强生态管理与规划.政府可通过健全法律法规和激励型环境经济政策培养生态产品市场，分层次对油气产业进行精细管理，并建立国家能源生态技术实验室，通过在生态敏感区规划建立油气区生态产品示范项目，不断提升油气区自然生态产品的价值，对石油天然气产业实行生态产品管理机制，为稳步推进自然生态产品价值的实现奠定基础. 相似文献
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《现代地质》2020,(4)
近年来我国油气勘探向深层拓展,油气成熟度及油藏保存成为研究焦点。金刚烷化合物由于其独特的笼型分子结构,具有较强的热稳定性和抗生物降解能力,在深层油气勘探具有广阔的应用前景。叙述了实验室检测金刚烷化合物的样品预处理及检测方法;总结了金刚烷化合物在地质体中的成因和演化过程;综述了金刚烷化合物在判识成熟度、原油裂解程度、生物降解作用、硫酸盐热化学还原作用和蒸发分馏作用等方面的研究进展。由于金刚烷化合物成因不明,制约了其在油气地球化学的应用。提出开展不同沉积环境、不同类型烃源岩及原油中金刚烷化合物演化过程的对比研究,研究不同沉积盆地原油的甲基双金刚烷基线,有利于补充和完善金刚烷化合物的实际应用,对了解深部油气成藏过程、指导深部油气勘探具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献