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1.
西藏羌塘盆地东部中-上侏罗统沉积特征及沉积相划分   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  
详细野外剖面测量基础上,对羌塘盆地东部中-上侏罗统剖面主要岩类的宏观特征(颜色和构造)、物质组分、结构及磁化率等特征进行系统研究,研究区碎屑岩主要为砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩等岩类,磁化率值呈现低→高→低→高→低(雀莫错组→布曲组→夏里组→索瓦组→雪山组)的规律性变化。综合沉积特征显示雀莫错组和雪山组主要为河流相-河控三角洲相沉积,布曲组为碳酸盐缓坡相沉积为主,夏里组主要为潮坪-泻湖相沉积,索瓦组主要为混积陆棚-泻湖-潮坪相沉积,中-晚侏罗世羌塘盆地古水深在下降的总趋势中呈现浅→深→浅→深→浅的升降旋回,盆地沉积中心由东向西迁移,区域构造演化和全球海平面变化共同控制了盆地沉积面貌。  相似文献   

2.
在露头剖面地层学及沉积学研究的基础上,采用单因素分析多因素综合作图法,编制了西藏羌塘盆地中侏罗世布曲期和夏里期的单因素图和岩相古地理图。布曲期以碳酸盐岩沉积为主,自北而南依次发育局限台地（潮坪、泻湖）、开阔台地（台盆、浅滩/点礁）、台缘礁/浅滩、台缘斜坡、盆地等沉积（亚）相;夏里期以陆源碎屑沉积为主,发育泻湖、潮坪、滨岸、陆棚等沉积（亚）相。布曲组台盆和泻湖相泥灰岩和泥晶灰岩是良好的烃源岩,台缘礁和浅滩相碳酸盐岩是良好的储集岩,而上覆的夏里组泻湖和潮坪相泥岩和膏盐层是良好的区域性盖层,共同构成良好的生、储、盖组合。该生储盖组合大都被上覆的上侏罗统、白垩系、第三系覆盖。因此,布曲组是盆地内最好的油气勘探目的层,沿中央隆起带两侧以及北羌塘地区的琵琶湖－半岛湖凸起一带应是油气勘探的有利区带。  相似文献   

3.
羌塘盆地侏罗系元素地球化学特征与成盐层位分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
近年来在羌塘盆地侏罗系发现的大面积石膏层位和高盐度的盐泉水,显示羌塘盆地侏罗纪可能具备成盐地质条件。本文通过对羌塘盆地雁石坪地区侏罗系元素地球化学分析,揭示了羌塘盆地侏罗纪特提斯洋海平面与古气候变化以及蒸发岩沉积条件。全岩Fe/Mn比值和CaCO3含量揭示布曲组和索瓦组沉积时期,由于特提斯洋海水入侵,盆地沉积大量海相碳酸盐岩,盆地海平面处于高位时期;雀莫错组和夏里组沉积时期处于海退后的海平面低值期。酸不溶态元素比值K2O/Al2O3、Na2O/Al2O3以及Na2O/K2O和化学蚀变指数(CIA)揭示雁石坪地区布曲组和夏里组沉积时期气候相对干旱,而雀莫错组和索瓦组沉积时期相对湿润。可溶态K+、Na+含量仅在夏里组出现高值,指示了该沉积时期有利于成盐。综合物源、古构造、古气候和古地理条件,本文认为羌塘盆地侏罗系夏里组是最具成盐潜力的层位,今后成盐研究重点应该放在盆地中-西部地区侏罗系夏里组。  相似文献   

4.
赤布张错地区中侏罗统十分发育,最大沉积厚度达6311m,包括雀莫错组、布曲组、夏里组、索瓦组和雪山组等5个岩石地层单元。根据所含丰富的双壳类、菊石、腕足类等化石,将它们划归中侏罗统(巴柔阶至卡洛夫阶)。沉积盆地的性质、早期的地貌格局和同沉积断裂活动可能是导致该地区中侏罗统厚度巨大、横向变化大的主要原因。  相似文献   

5.
羌塘盆地位于青藏高原的北部 ,为高寒缺氧的无人区。该盆地呈东西走向 ,地表以侏罗系大面积分布为特征 ,大致呈东西向展布 ,地层出露全 ,厚度大 ,岩性岩相复杂。 1994— 1997年期间 ,我们实测了 17条羌塘盆地侏罗系剖面 ,获得了丰富的岩性、岩相和古生物资料 ,将青海省侏罗系岩石地层划分方案应用到西藏羌塘盆地 ,并根据具体情况进行适当的修改 ,使羌塘盆地侏罗系划分更趋于完善。将羌塘盆地侏罗系划分为下侏罗统那底岗日组 ,中侏罗统雀莫错组、布曲组、夏里组 ,上侏罗统索瓦组和雪山组。本次在独雪山的布曲组、拉雄错的夏里组和白龙冰河的…  相似文献   

6.
青海西南部海相侏罗纪地层新认识   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  
白生海 《地质论评》1989,35(6):529-536
本文通过综合研究雀莫错等三条剖面及其中丰富的古生物资料和沉积旋同、岩石组合特征等,将青海西南部唐古拉山地区的侏罗系划分为中侏罗统雀莫错组、沱沱河组、布曲组、夏里组和上侏罗统索瓦组、扎窝茸组共六个地方性地层单位,并叙述和讨论了这些地层单位(包括部分新发现地层)的沉积特征与地质时代,还简要分析了该区侏罗纪古地理环境。  相似文献   

7.
西藏羌塘盆地东部中侏罗统广泛发育陆源碎屑与碳酸盐的混合沉积。综合前人研究成果,结合区域地质资料和室内样品分析,对混积岩、混积层系、陆源碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩、混合沉积环境进行了详细的研究。结果表明,研究区中侏罗统混合沉积在微观上表现为陆源碎屑与碳酸盐沉积物组分的混积岩,宏观上则表现为陆源碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩、混积岩相互叠加的混积层系,发育滨岸、碳酸盐岩缓坡、潮坪-潟湖3类沉积体系,在此基础上以沉积学原理为指导建立了中侏罗统雀莫错组、布曲组和夏里组的混合沉积模式。  相似文献   

8.
羌塘盆地膏盐岩及其与油气勘探的关系   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文
羌塘盆地有较广泛的膏盐岩层分布，主要赋存于中侏罗统雀莫错组、布曲组、夏里组和上侏罗统索瓦组中，具有亮晶鲕粒灰岩→白云岩(云灰岩)→膏盐岩层、粉砂岩(或泥岩)→膏盐岩→粉砂岩(或泥岩)→膏盐岩层和膏质白云岩(或泥岩)→膏盐岩层三种沉积层序，分属潟湖—海湾型、潮坪和萨布哈型三种成因类型与沉积模式。潟湖型膏盐层较厚且展布稳定；潮坪型膏盐层较薄、变化快、层数多；萨布哈膏盐层呈薄层、极薄层夹于泥岩、白云岩中，也呈结核状、眼球状等，多发生表生水化变形。膏盐岩层除层状产出外，也呈盐丘产出，已在赤布张错、雁石坪、温泉等地多处发现盐丘构造，直径一般为100—1000m，并见有油气显示。因此，根据盐丘的发育情况，结合沉积相展布，在有利的构造部位寻找刺穿油气藏是大有可为的，应作为羌唐盆地油气早期勘探的突破点。  相似文献   

9.
对西藏羌塘盆地东部边缘贡日地区产出石油沥青脉的中侏罗统布曲组的沉积相和沉积环境进行了详细研究,共区分出9种碳酸盐岩微相类型,即灰泥灰岩、纹层状粉泥晶灰岩、砂屑灰岩、球粒泥亮晶泥粒灰岩、含核形石和团块泥粒灰岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、含鲕粒生屑颗粒灰岩、含生物碎屑灰泥灰岩。根据微相类型组合特征和野外沉积构造,认为布曲组灰岩主要形成于碳酸盐台地浅缓坡、中缓坡和深缓坡3种沉积环境,在布曲组内共识别出4个沉积旋回,组成一个相对海平面逐渐上升的海进序列,与上覆地层布曲组岩层构成一个完整的三级海平面变化旋回。  相似文献   

10.
通过对雁石坪地区中-上侏罗统碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素组成特征分析,认为其原始组分保存良好。在垂向上,碳、氧同位素的变化与沉积相演化和海平面曲线相吻合,说明它们与沉积环境的演化密切相关。结合碳、氧同位素的环境效应分析,认为中侏罗世雀莫错期沉积水体主要以陆源淡水作用为主,沉积环境属陆缘近海湖;布曲期为广海碳酸盐台地环境;夏里期为三角洲-淡化泻湖-潮坪环境。晚侏罗世索瓦早期为高盐度、高水温,相对局限浅海碳酸盐台地环境。中侏罗世至晚侏罗世早期经历了一次完整的海侵-海退旋回和一次海侵过程。  相似文献   

11.
Police, politics, and the right to the city   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.  相似文献   

12.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

13.
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.  相似文献   

14.
Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ18O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.  相似文献   

15.
马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。  相似文献   

16.
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17.
Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.  相似文献   

18.
岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...  相似文献   

19.
The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.  相似文献   

20.
海南大坡岩体位于五指山褶皱带内,主要受昌江—琼海构造带、琼西构造带与潭爷断陷构造带控制.岩石地球化学及岩石学研究表明,大坡岩体形成于海西-印支晚期,岩性单一,主要为中细粒似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩.岩体显示为Ⅰ型花岗岩与S型花岗岩的混合,主体以地壳物质部分熔融为主,形成过程有少量地幔物质加入.元素对的比值及稀土元素配分特征说明岩体钨锡等多金属含矿性可能较差.  相似文献   

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