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梅汛期南亚高压活动的谱特征分析——角动量谱 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文应用2003-2005年100 hPa北半球高度场资料,选取符合文献[2]确认的南亚高压中心位置具有季节性大幅度东进、北移和东进且伴随北移的15个个例,分析了南亚高压季节性演变与江淮梅雨期的相关.并在此基础上,计算了30～40 °N纬度带的角动量输送谱,进一步分析、归纳了南亚高压季节性东进、北移过程所具有的角动量输送谱的演变特征和类型.得到了具有相当共性的诊断结论.这些结论对识别具有什么样特性和中纬度长波槽的发展与南亚高压季节性东进、北移之间存在着的响应关系,有了进一步的认识.最后本文指出在盛夏季节不同纬度间的环流相互作用对造成南亚高压大幅度东进、北移的响应关系还有待积累更多个例作进一步分析. 相似文献
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南亚高压是夏季北半球100 hPa上准定常的、超长波性质的环流系统。在100 hPa上,高压冬半年位于10°N西太平洋上空,这期间强度较弱,对我国天气影响不大。入春以后,高压开始向西北移动,强度逐渐增强;夏季7月份,高压脊线位于32°N,60°E;7-8月,高压开始东撤,脊线基本稳定在30°N左右;入秋以后,高压中心回到海洋上空,逐渐退至26°N。在这个过程中,南亚高压有明显的南北向季节性 相似文献
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本文通过对6—7月份100 hPa南亚高压形态变化规律特征的描述和有关天气系统间的响应变化分析,总结了南亚高压进退振荡周期和南亚高压与副热带高压的响应关系,并进一步论证了南亚高压与江淮梅雨关系。根据所得结论对历史资料进行了反查验证。提出了有一定应用价值的代表性结论:(1)6—7月南亚高压东伸指数和南亚高压脊线变化呈波动状周期性北跳东进,其变化周期均在10—12 d左右,南亚高压开始北跳东进的时间、维持长度决定了我国东部梅雨始期和梅期长短,并具有很好的对应关系。(2)根据南亚高压脊线和副高脊线的线性关系,可采用110～120°E的平均南亚高压脊线位置≥28～30°N作为入梅的指标之一,利用110～120°E的平均南亚高压脊线位置≥32～35°N作为出梅的指标之一。这些结论的提出具有一定的理论意义,特别是利用南亚高压进行入、出梅的判别丰富了梅雨领域的研究,同时这些结论为中长期天气预报提供了新的思路和参考指标。 相似文献
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100hPa环流特征与2005年梅雨异常的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2005年7月5日入梅,7月14日出梅,入梅晚,梅雨期短,梅雨量少,致使我国主要雨带位置不是如常年一样维持在江淮流域,而是在江南地区南部和华南地区。使用NCEP再分析资料,分析了100hPa环流特征与梅雨异常的关系。结果表明,6月份江南地区南部和华南地区多雨时期,100hPa南亚高压中心基本停留在青藏高原南部地区上空,120°E上脊线位置大致在21～26°N之间摆动,较常年同期明显偏南。7月份,高压中心位置北抬,但不够稳定;120°E上脊线位置较6月份略偏北。6—7月期间,120°E上的100hPa南亚高压脊线位置比500hPa西北太平洋高压脊线位置基本偏北5个纬度左右,100hPa南亚高压东段脊线与500hPa副高脊线南北摆动趋势一致,100hPa南亚高压东段脊线北侧附近地区相应是暴雨区位置。 相似文献
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本文在谱分析基础上,着重对南亚高压脊线在入梅后的一次大幅度振荡现象进行了天气动力学分析,分析认为:南亚高压南退主要由西风带长波调整所导致,南亚高压北进则是因热带东风带加强而引起,两者的作用都通过南亚高压脊线位置的准两周振荡表现出来,并在此基础上建立了初夏到盛夏环流季节转换的振荡模型. 相似文献
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从海平面气压场的波谱分析比较南、北半球大气环流的变化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文应用沿纬圈的谐波分析,对1951—1960年各年逐月南、北半球海平面气压进行分解,对比两个半球的副热带(30°N,30°S)及中纬度(50°N,50°S)的超长波活动发现:(1)南、北两个半球月平均大气环流都存在有性质不同的两类变化,即季节性变化与非季节性变化。在海陆对比明显的北半球,不论西风带还是副热带季节性变化都比较清楚。而南半球仅副热带季节性变化明显,西风带则是非季节性变化占优势。(2)南、北两个半球大气环流的季节变化,都有明显的年际差异。通常,北半球夏季建立(南半球是夏季结束)的年际差异大,北半球夏季结束(南半球是夏季建立)的年际差别较小。(3)超长波位置的年际变化与海陆分布有密切关系。陆地面积大的地区,占优势的超长波位置比较稳定,在几乎全为海洋的50°S,则超长波无论占优势与否,波槽位置的年际变化都较大。 相似文献
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热带东风急流显著偏强和偏弱期平流层绕极反气旋及波动的差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首先采用150～100 hPa气层20 °W～180 °,15 °S～35 °N区域的平均东风和单位面积东风贡献的动能两种办法定义了热带东风急流(TEJ)指数,并分析了1948—2010年TEJ随时间的变化。然后利用谐波分析方法分析了急流显著偏强和偏弱期平流层10 hPa绕极反气旋和波动的差异。分析表明,在急流显著偏强期平流层10 hPa 40 °N以北的绕极反气旋偏弱,而急流显著偏弱期则偏强,差值约为100～150位势米。45 °N以北1波占绝对优势,1波从春到夏的季节转换与TEJ的快速发展紧密相连,急流显著偏强期1波的季节性调整早于显著偏弱期。急流显著偏强和偏弱期相比,极区65～85 °N 1波平均槽脊位置有较大差异。45～60 °N纬带1波在急流显著偏强期振幅明显加强,变化相对稳定,而急流显著偏弱期1波振幅和位相的变化要强烈得多。 相似文献
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利用1995～2004年气象资料,分析了河南省降水最多年份汛期降水集中时段的大尺度环流特征,结果发现降水集中时段100 hPa南亚高压120°E脊线基本维持在25～32°N之间,降水集中时段开始前南亚高压有一个东移北跳过程,降水集中期间100 hPa高度场上呈现东高西低形势,有利于副高西伸和北抬;西太平洋副热带高压相对稳定,在多雨时段副高进退次数较多,且较长时间稳定在25°N左右,有利于西南暖湿气流沿副高外围进入河南省境内,为暴雨提供了充足的水汽;在降水集中时段,中纬度西风急流轴位置被北抬到40°N 以北,40°N以南基本是东风,这种中纬度地转西风持续偏弱,有利于副热带高压北跳和北跳后稳定,使雨带稳定在河南省. 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
18.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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