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1.
2003年春季长江口海域黑水现象研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文
长江口海域处于东海大陆架,水深较浅,受长江、钱塘江入海径流及潮汐搅拌的影响,水体浑浊度高,属于典型的二类水体。在浑浊二类水体由于水体中悬浮颗粒的散射作用,离水辐亮度通常较大洋清洁水体的大。通过分析2003年春季黄海、东海二类水体光学试验数据和同时段SeaWiFS卫星遥感数据,发现在长江口东南海域有一个归一化离水辐亮度极小的黑水区域,它在412~670nm波长的归一化离水辐亮度均小于0.5mW/(cm2·μm·sr)。利用现场实测的水体固有光学特性参数(色素吸收系数、非色素颗粒吸收系数、黄色物质吸收系数、颗粒散射系数、颗粒后向散射系数等)和水色要素浓度数据,分析了长江口海域黑水现象的机制,结果表明,长江口外黑水现象主要是由于水体后向散射系数值极小引起的,而造成颗粒后向散射系数值极小的原因主要有两种,一是颗粒物含量低,二是颗粒后向散射率的值小。黑水区浮游植物色素吸收所占的比例较高,大粒径的有机颗粒(浮游植物)导致黑水区域的颗粒后向散射率的值偏小。长江口海域黑水是在特定的颗粒物低含量及颗粒后向散射率极小的条件下出现的光学现象。  相似文献   

2.
The Changjiang (Yangtze) Estuary is located in the East China Sea shelf with shallow water. Affected by the tide mixing and the runoff of the Changjiang River and the Qiantang River, the turbidity is very high. Generally, the water-leaving radiance is high in the turbid water because of the large particle scattering. Based on the in-situ data and ocean color remote sensing data of SeaWiFS, it was found that there was a black water region with the normalized water-leaving radiances less than 0.5 mW/(cm2·μm2·...  相似文献   

3.
HY-1 CCD宽波段水色要素反演算法   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  
利用2003年春季黄海、东海区现场实测数据,建立了HY1卫星4波段CCD成像仪水色要素反演算法.由于HY1CCD的宽波段特性阻碍了黄色物质的反演,因此反演的水色要素仅包括水体表层的总悬浮物、悬浮泥沙(SS)以及叶绿素a的浓度.现场遥感反射率光谱由ASD地物波谱仪测量,对于叶绿素a的浓度利用现场萃取荧光法测量,总悬浮物、悬浮泥沙由实验室滤膜称重法获得.反演算法的拟合相关系数均大于0.88,平均相对误差在40%以下.对反演算法进行了误差灵敏度分析,结果表明对于总悬浮物、悬浮泥沙和低浊度水体中的叶绿素a的浓度反演算法能够满足日常的业务运行要求,但是对于高浊度水体中叶绿素a的浓度反演算法对某个波段组合比较敏感,仍需要进一步探讨.  相似文献   

4.
利用2006—2007年4次908计划ST06区块海洋光学调查的数据和MODIS水色遥感数据,对台湾海峡及周边海域的水色光谱特性进行了研究和分析。结果显示该海域的水色光谱主要有4个类型:类型1光谱峰值出现在580 nm附近,谱峰两侧遥感反射率随波长变化迅速减小,主要分布在紧靠中国大陆的海域;类型2光谱峰值出现在540～560 nm之间,具有谱峰宽的特点,主要分布在台湾海峡靠近大陆的一侧;类型3光谱与大洋水体光谱类似,主要分布在台湾西南的南海区域和吕宋海峡区域;类型4光谱在.450 nm附近出现极小值,在500～600 nm之间出现峰值,主要出现在台湾海峡中部和靠近台湾岛的一侧。其中类型2和4水体分布具有明显的季节特征。类型3、4、2、1对应的叶绿素a浓度和悬浮泥沙浓度呈上升趋势,对应的透明度依次降低,该海域以二类水体为主。  相似文献   

5.
The first Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) launched by South Korea in June 2010 constitutes a major breakthrough in marine optics remote-sensing for its capabilities to observe the diurnal cycles of the ocean. The light signal recorded at eight wavelengths by the sensor allows, after correction for Solar illumination and atmospheric effects, the retrieval of coloured biogeochemical products such as the chlorophyll, suspended sediment and coloured dissolved organic matter concentrations every hour between 9:00 am and 4:00 pm local time around the Korean peninsula. However operational exploitation of the mission needs beforehand a sound validation of first the radiometric calibration, i.e. inspection of the top-of-atmosphere reflectance, and second atmospheric corrections for retrieval of the water-leaving reflectance at sea surface. This study constitutes a contribution to the quality assessment of the GOCI radiometric products generated by the Korea Ocean Satellite Center (KOSC) through comparison with concurrent data from the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, NASA) and MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS, ESA) sensors as well as in situ measurements. These comparisons are made with spatially and temporally collocated data. We focus on Rayleigh-corrected reflectance (?? RC ) and normalized remote-sensing marine reflectance (nRrs). Although GOCI compares reasonably well with MERIS and MODIS, what demonstrates the success of Ocean Colour in geostationary orbit, we show that the current GOCI atmospheric correction systematically masks out data over very turbid waters and needs further examination and correction for future release of the GOCI products.  相似文献   

6.
The present study proposes an atmospheric correction scheme for Advanced Earth Observation Satellite II (ADEOS-II)/Global Imager (GLI) ocean color retrieval that corrects for the atmospheric absorptive aerosol effect. Radiative transfer simulations were conducted assuming a non-absorptive model aerosol with a soot-type aerosol at various mixture ratios. The results indicate that while the spectral dependency of aerosol reflectance does not change in the longer (>550 nm) wavelength region, the reflectance at shorter wavelengths is highly variable and depends on the mixture ratio. The influence of aerosol absorption was also investigated using GLI data from ocean areas adjacent to Japan in the presence of absorptive Siberian fire smoke aerosol in the spring of 2003. The spectral curvature of the aerosol was estimated from the data obtained. An empirical, iterative scheme that detects and evaluates the influence of absorptive aerosols was developed by comparing 380 nm GLI-observed aerosol reflectance with predicted reflectances derived using an in-water optical model. To evaluate the performance of this scheme, satellite-derived normalized water-leaving radiances were compared with those measured from a ferry servicing Nagasaki and Fukue. The results of data acquired on March 20, 2003, indicate that this absorption correction scheme improved root mean square estimation error for normalized water-leaving radiance by approximately 40% in the 380, 400, and 412 nm bands. This atmospheric correction algorithm was used as a part of the second version of the GLI standard ocean color data process system at Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).  相似文献   

7.
The algorithms of extracting chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) concentration have been established for Chinese moderate resolution imaging spectrometer(CMODIS) mounted on Shenzhou-3 spaceship launched on 25 March 2002.The CMODIS is an ocean color sensor with 30 visible channels and 4 infrared channels,much different from other ocean color satellites and needs new algorithms to process data.Three models of Chl-a concentration were established based on Chl-a data retrieved from sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor(SeaWiFS),with the average relative errors of 26.6%,24%.0% and 33.5%,respectively.This practical and economic approach can be used for developing the algorithms of Chinese ocean color and temperature sensor(COCTS) on the satellite Haiyang-1 to derive the Chl-a concentration concentration distribution.The applicability of the algorithms was analyzed using some in situ measurements.Suspended sediment is the main factor influencing the accuracy of the spectral ratio algorithms of Chl-a concentration.The algorithms are suitable to using in the regions where suspended sediment concentrations(SSC) are less than 5 g/m3 under the condition of relative error of Chl-a concentration retrieval within 35%.High concentration of suspended sediment leads to the overestimate remote sensing retrieval of concentration of Chl-a,while low-middle SSCs lead to the low Chl-a concentration values using the spectral ratio algorithms.Since the accuracy of Chl-a concentration by the spectral ratio algorithms is limited to waters of Case 2,it is necessary to develop semi-analytical models to improve the performance of satellite ocean color remote sensing in turbid coastal waters.  相似文献   

8.
A group of statistical algorithms are proposed for the inversion of the three major components of Case-Ⅱ waters in the coastal area of the Huanghai Sea and the East China Sea. The algorithms are based on the in situ data collected in the spring of 2003 with strict quality assurance according to NASA ocean bio-optic protocols. These algorithms are the first ones with quantitative confidence that can be applied for the area. The average relative error of the inversed and in situ measured components‘ concentrations are: Chl-a about 37%, total suspended matter (TSM) about 25%, respectively. This preliminary result is quite satisfactory for Case-Ⅱ waters, although some aspects in the model need further study. The sensitivity of the input error of 5% to remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) is also analyzed and it shows the algorithms are quite stable. The algorithms show a large difference with Tassan‘s local SeaWiFS algorithms for different waters, except for the Chl-a algorithm.  相似文献   

9.
An algorithm is presented to retrieve the concentrations of chlorophyll a, suspended pariclulate matter and yellow substance from normalized water-leaving radiances of the Ocean Color and Temperature Sensor (OCTS) of the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS). It is based on a neural network (NN) algorithm, which is used for the rapid inversion of a radiative transfer procedure with the goal of retrieving not only the concentrations of chlorophyll a but also the two other components that determine the water-leaving radiance spectrum. The NN algorithm was tested using the NASA's SeaBAM (SeaWiFS Bio-Optical Mini-Workshop) test data set and applied to ADEOS/OCTS data of the Northwest Pacific in the region off Sanriku, Japan. The root-mean-square error between chlorophyll a concentrations derived from the SeaBAM reflectance data and the chlorophyll a measurements is 0.62. The retrieved chlorophyll a concentrations of the OCTS data were compared with the corresponding distribution obtained by the standard OCTS algorithm. The concentrations and distribution patterns from both algorithms match for open ocean areas. Since there are no standard OCTS products available for yellow substance and suspended matter and no in situ measurements available for validation, the result of the retrieval by the NN for these two variables could only be assessed by a general knowledge of their concentrations and distribution patterns. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

10.
A practical algorithm of atmospheric correction for turbid coastal and inland waters is provided. The present algorithm uses the property that the water-leaving radiance at 412 nm increases very tittle with the increasing of water turbidity. Thus, in very turbid coastal and inland waters, the radiance at 412 nm can be used to estimate the aerosol scattering radiance at 865 nm. The performance of the new algorithm is validated with simulation for several cases. It is found that the retrieved remotely sensed reflectance is usually with error less than 10% for the first six bands of SeaWiFS. This new algorithm is also tested under various atmospheric conditions in the Changjiang River Estuary and the Hangzhou Bay where the sediment concentration is very high and the standard SeaWiFS atmospheric correction algorithm creates a mask due to atmospheric correction failure. The result proves the efficiency of this simple algorithm in reducing the errors of the water-leaving radiance retrieving using SeaWiFS satellite data.  相似文献   

11.
Over a 1-year period, field and satellite measurements of surface water turbidity were combined in order to study the dynamics of the turbidity maximum zone (TM) in a macrotidal estuary (the Gironde, France). Four fixed platforms equipped with turbidity sensors calibrated to give the suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration provided continuous information in the upper estuary. Full resolution data recorded by the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors onboard the Terra and Aqua satellite platforms provided information in the central and lower estuary twice a day (depending on cloud cover). Field data were used to validate a recently developed SPM quantification algorithm applied to the MODIS ‘surface reflectance’ product. The algorithm is based on a relationship between the SPM concentration and a reflectance ratio of MODIS bands 2 (near-infrared) and 1 (red). Based on 62 and 75 match-ups identified in 2005 with MODIS Terra and Aqua data, the relative uncertainty of the algorithm applied to these sensors was found to be 22 and 18%, respectively.Field measurements showed the tidal variations of turbidity in the upper estuary, while monthly-averaged MODIS satellite data complemented by field data allowed observing the monthly movements of the TM in the whole estuary. The trapping of fine sediments occurred in the upper estuary during the period of low river flow. This resulted in the formation of a highly concentrated TM during a 4-month period. With increasing river flow, the TM moved rapidly to the central estuary. A part of the TM detached, moved progressively in the lower estuary and was finally either massively exported to the ocean during peak floods or temporary trapped (settled) on intertidal mudflats. The massive export to the ocean was apparently the result of combined favorable environmental conditions: presence of fluid mud near the mouth, high river flow, high tides and limited wind speeds. The mean SPM concentration within surface waters of the whole estuary showed strong seasonal variations but remained almost unchanged on a 1-year-basis. These observations suggest that the masses of suspended sediments exported toward the ocean and supplied by the rivers were almost equivalent during the year investigated (2005). Results show the usefulness of information extracted from combined field and current ocean color satellite data in order to monitor the transport of suspended particles in coastal and estuarine waters.  相似文献   

12.
The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR, or sensitivity) of an ocean color instrument is a critical parameter to determine the accuracy and precision of the data products. Yet published literature showed various formats in SNR specifications under different conditions, making a direct cross-sensor comparison difficult. Here, we compared the SNRs of GOCI spectral bands with those of SeaWiFS and MODIS/Aqua under the same radiance inputs. We also compared their ability to resolve small changes in the retrieved chlorophyll-a data products (Chl). While GOCI visible bands showed similar at-sensor SNRs to SeaWiFS, the near-infrared (NIR) bands showed significantly higher SNRs. Because the NIR bands were used for atmospheric correction, the increases in SNRs led to reduced noise in the retrieved Chl, as shown in the GOCI and SeaWiFS Chl products for Chl < 0.1 mg m?3. The noise in the retrieved products also depends on the retrieval algorithms in addition to the sensor SNR. When a new band-subtraction algorithm (the Ocean Color Index or OCI algorithm) was applied to the same GOCI remotesensing reflectance data derived from the GDPS software package, significant noise reduction was found in the Chl product for low concentrations (< 0.25 mg m?3), leading to product precision (??3% in Chl) comparable to those from MODIS/Aqua measurements. This is certainly a significant achievement, as GOCI spatial resolution is much higher than MODIS (500 m versus 1 km). In addition, artifacts across image mosaic edges over low-concentration waters have been removed nearly completely by the OCI algorithm. Data analyses also indicated that GOCI radiometric calibration requires further improvement.  相似文献   

13.
FY-3A/MERSI, ocean color algorithm, products and demonstrative applications   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
A medium resolution spectral imager (MERSI) on-board the first spacecraft of the second generation of China’s polar-orbit meteorological satellites FY-3A, is a MODIS-like sensor with 20 bands covering visible to thermal infrared spectral region. FY-3A/MERSI is capable of making continuous global observations, and ocean color application is one of its main targets. The objective is to provide information about the ocean color products of FY-3A/MERSI, including sensor calibration, ocean color algorithms, ocean color products validation and applications. Although there is a visible on-board calibration device, it cannot realize the on-board absolute radiometric calibration in the reflective solar bands. A multisite vicarious calibration method is developed, and used for monitoring the in-flight response change and providing post-launch calibration coefficients updating. FY-3A/MERSI ocean color products consist of the water-leaving reflectance retrieved from an atmospheric correction algorithm, a chlorophyll a concentration (CHL1) and a pigment concentration (PIG1) from global empirical models, the chlorophyll a concentration (CHL2), a total suspended mater concentration (TSM) and the absorption coefficient of CDOM and NAP (YS443) from China’s regional empirical models. The atmospheric correction algorithm based on lookup tables and ocean color components concentration estimation models are described. By comparison with in situ data, the FY-3A/MERSI ocean color products have been validated and preliminary results are presented. Some successful ocean color applications such as algae bloom monitoring and coastal suspended sediment variation have demonstrated the usefulness of FY-3A/MERSI ocean color products.  相似文献   

14.
利用遥感技术估测水体中的悬浮泥沙的浓度已经成为一门成熟的技术，但将其应用于河口地区悬浮泥沙的监测仍然存在一些限制。限制之一是遥感数据（例如MODIS）的空间分辨率太低，不适合应用于河口等狭小水域的监测。相比较而言，Hyperion高光谱遥感数据有196个波段，覆盖400-2500nm的光谱范围，光谱分辨率为10nm,空间分辨率为30m，其高光谱分辨率及高空间分辨率，显示了其在河口水体悬浮泥沙遥感中的巨大潜力。利用2006年12月4号的Hyperion数据、同步实测的高光谱数据及悬浮泥沙浓度数据，对珠江口海域悬浮泥沙浓度进行了研究。利用混合光谱分解模型计算了珠江口悬浮泥沙浓度的分布。分析结果表明，混合光谱分解模型可以作为遥感监测水体悬浮泥沙浓度的定量模型。  相似文献   

15.
黄海、东海海区水体散射特性研究   总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32  
半分析模型是水色遥感反演算法的研究热点,而水体后向散射系数对建立半分析水色反演模型是非常重要的参数.通过对黄海、东海海区的水体固有光学量测量数据进行分析,得到水体总后向散射系数与水体总散射系数的关系为乘幂关系,颗粒物后向散射系数随光谱变化的指数在高低浑浊度水体有很大差异,并初步得到黄海、东海海区水体的后向散射系数与总悬浮物浓度的关系,从而为水色半分析模型建立和水光学辐射计算提供一组散射特性模型.  相似文献   

16.
The variability of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) distribution derived from MODIS (on Aqua and Terra platforms) and MERIS sensors have been compared with SeaWiFS data in the Arabian Sea. MODIS Aqua has overestimated the SeaWiFS Chl-a within 25–32% in the coastal turbid (eutrophic) waters and underestimated in open ocean waters with error within 20%. However, there is no significant bias (?0.1 on log-scale) observed as the slope is well within 0.97-1.1 (log transformed). MODIS-Terra has underestimated the Chl-a concentration in open ocean waters by about 29–31%, which is higher than MODIS-Aqua. MODIS-Terra is observed to be more accurate than MODIS-Aqua in the coastal waters. MERIS is overestimating the SeaWiFS Chl-a with log RMS error of ～0.15 and log bias of ～0.13–0.2. The differences in the Chl-a estimates between each sensor are possibly due to differences in the sensor design, bio-optical algorithms and also due to the time differences between the satellites over passes. We have examined that the MERIS is performing similar to SeaWiFS and the MODIS-Aqua (Terra) data are reliable in open ocean (coastal) waters. However, Chl-a retrieval algorithms need to be improved especially for coastal turbid waters to continue with SeaWiFS data for long-term studies.  相似文献   

17.
Sediment transport in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Eight survey cruises in different seasons have been conducted in the Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS) during the period from 2000 to 2008. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and hydrological data were collected during each cruise. Data analysis showed that total suspended sediment mass was approximately 0.18 × 109 tons in the surveyed area during spring and autumn seasons. Highly turbid waters were found in the shallow waters between the Subei coast, the Changjiang estuary and the Zhejiang coast with seasonal variations.  相似文献   

18.
长江河口悬浮泥沙向浙闽沿岸输运近期变化的遥感分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
陈瑞瑞  蒋雪中 《海洋科学》2017,41(3):89-101
利用2000~2015年Terra-MODIS(terra-moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer,中等分辨率成像光谱仪)数据和2014年洪枯季现场数据建立泥沙反演模型,分析入长江河口泥沙大幅减少后河口表层悬沙向浙闽沿岸输运的时空变化和扩散形态。结果表明:(1)利用MODIS数据的二次型模型能够揭示长江口及邻近海域悬沙分布及输运特征,入海输运的长江口悬浮泥沙是浙闽沿岸连续悬浮泥沙带存在的物源;(2)受季风和沿岸流动力驱动,长江口悬沙向浙闽沿岸输运具有明显的季节性:春季,悬浮泥沙从长江口向浙闽沿岸呈条带状输运,春夏之交,南下的悬沙至温岭近岸海域出现中断现象;夏季,长江口大量悬沙滞留在长江口杭州湾近岸,仅有少量悬沙向南输运,泥沙带中断;秋季,10月下旬—11月中旬逐渐形成连续的近岸泥沙带;历冬至春,循环复始;(3)受近年来长江流域进入河口的泥沙减少影响,浙闽沿岸秋冬季连续的输沙带在春季提前断开,在秋季有推迟恢复的现象。本研究对于探究浙闽沿岸泥沙减少新格局,分析近海生态环境新变化具有重要意义。  相似文献   

19.
水色遥感是海洋环境监测的主要技术手段之一.对于任何海洋水色遥感器来说,监测其在轨期间的定标系数变化是非常重要的,否则无法得到精确的定量产品.以我国“HY-1B”卫星水色遥感器为研究对象,开展了基于大洋水体上空的瑞利散射定标方法研究,利用通过对SeaWiFS数据叶绿素、离水辐亮度和气溶胶产品进行分析,选择了符合条件的7个海区实施大气瑞利散射定标,根据2010年12月份选定的4个区域定标结果得到不同海区/不同时间获得的定标系数一致性较好,CH1至CH6的定标系数标准差分布在0.9％～2.1％的范围内,因此瑞利散射定标是有效的非现场定标方法,具有较高的定标精度,其总误差在4.09％.  相似文献   

20.
The Bering and Chukchi seas are an important conduit to the Arctic Ocean and are reported to be one of the most productive regions in the world’s oceans in terms of high primary productivity that sustains large numbers of fishes, marine mammals, and sea birds as well as benthic animals. Climate-induced changes in primary production and production at higher trophic levels also have been observed in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas. Satellite ocean color observations could enable the monitoring of relatively long term patterns in chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations that would serve as an indicator of phytoplankton biomass. The performance of existing global and regional Chl-a algorithms for satellite ocean color data was investigated in the northeastern Bering Sea and southern Chukchi Sea using in situ optical measurements from the Healy 2007 cruise. The model-derived Chl-a data using the previous Chl-a algorithms present striking uncertainties regarding Chl-a concentrations – for example, overestimation in lower Chl-a concentrations or systematic overestimation in the northeastern Bering Sea and southern Chukchi Sea. Accordingly, a simple two band ratio (Rrs(443)/Rrs(555)) algorithm of Chl-a for the satellite ocean color data was devised for the northeastern Bering Sea and southern Chukchi Sea. The MODIS-derived Chl-a data from July 2002 to December 2014 were produced using the new Chl-a algorithm to investigate the seasonal and interannual variations of Chl-a in the northern Bering Sea and the southern Chukchi Sea. The seasonal distribution of Chl-a shows that the highest (spring bloom) Chl-a concentrations are in May and the lowest are in July in the overall area. Chl-a concentrations relatively decreased in June, particularly in the open ocean waters of the Bering Sea. The Chl-a concentrations start to increase again in August and become quite high in September. In October, Chl-a concentrations decreased in the western area of the Study area and the Alaskan coastal waters. Strong interannual variations are shown in Chl-a concentrations in all areas. There is a slightly increasing trend in Chl-a concentrations in the northern Bering Strait (SECS). This increasing trend may be related to recent increases in the extent and duration of open waters due to the early break up of sea ice and the late formation of sea ice in the Chukchi Sea.  相似文献   

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