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滇黔桂地区汞锑金砷等低温矿床组合碳,氢,氧,硫同位素地球化学 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
滇黔桂地区分布着众多大中型Hg、Sb、Au矿床。通过对碳、氢、氧、硫等同位素的分析表明：大厂锑矿的硫来自地幔，木利、马雄锑矿的硫主要来自海水硫酸盐。各金矿的硫主要来自围岩，但碳大部分来自围岩。氢氧同位素数据表明，本区锑、金、汞等矿床的成矿流体来源相似，其主要来源为与围岩进行了氢氧同位素交换的大气降水。 相似文献
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新疆西天山喇嘛萨依铜矿床地质和C、O、S、Pb同位素地球化学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
喇嘛萨依铜矿是新疆西天山赛里木微地块内的一处典型铜矿床,关于其成因类型尚存争议。总结了该铜矿床的地质特征,测试围岩、脉石碳酸盐的C、O同位素和硫化物的S、Pb同位素组成,探讨其成因类型。研究表明,喇嘛萨依铜矿床具有后生矿床特征,发育矽卡岩化蚀变,脉石方解石的δ13C值变化范围为-1.04‰~-0.87‰,低于围岩灰岩的δ13C值(变化范围为3.51‰~5.47‰),δ18O值变化范围为9.33‰~9.61‰,明显低于正常的海相碳酸盐岩的O同位素(δ18O=20‰~26‰),C、O同位素组成反映喇嘛萨依铜矿成矿晚阶段流体来自岩浆水和地下水的混合水;硫化物的δ34S值主要变化范围为3.75‰~8.64‰,与区域上海西期斑岩的硫同位素组成(如达巴特斑岩铜钼矿床硫化物的δ34S变化范围为4.9‰~7.9‰)接近,反映硫来源于斑岩;黄铜矿的铅同位素为206Pb/204Pb=18.264~19.544,207Pb/204Pb=15.575~15.656,208Pb/204Pb=38.103~38.705,具有富含放射成因铅、两阶段异常铅特征,与区域上海西期斑岩(达巴特流纹斑岩)的铅同位素组成特征相似,反映成矿金属物质部分来源于斑岩。通过综合分析认为,喇嘛萨依铜矿是与斑岩有关的矽卡岩型矿床。 相似文献
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中国东部大陆浅成热液矿床的H、O同位素地球化学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
浅成热液矿床属于古地热系统。中国东部大陆边缘29个浅成热液矿床的H、O同位素组成特征证实，成矿流体源自当地大气降水。水-岩相互作用同位素交换模拟计算结果表明，浅成热液矿床形成期间水/岩比通常是高的。 相似文献
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中国主要层控汞锑砷(雄黄、雌黄)矿床分类成矿模式与找矿 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
中国层控汞、锑、砷矿床,根据成矿作用、地质产状和地球化学特点分为十种类型。即锡矿山式锑矿床、晴隆式锑矿床、湘西式钨锑金矿床、公馆式汞锑矿床、万山式汞矿床、务川式汞矿床、界牌峪式雄黄和雌黄矿床、水落式砷汞金矿床、丫他式砷锑金矿床和龙潭式砷铅铊矿床,它们在成因上与岩浆岩无关。成矿模式划分为沉积成岩(包括预富集)阶段或后生改造阶段。在层控汞、锑、砷矿床地球化学和成矿机制的研究基础上提出了找矿前提。 相似文献
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文中简要地叙述了大幕山锑矿田的地质条件,详细地说明了辉锑矿、黄铁矿、重晶石中硫同位素的组成;方解石中碳、氧同位素的组成和石英中氧同位素的组成,得出了关于热液和硫、锑来源的结论:成矿热液主要来源于下渗雨水;碳来源于雨水和主岩;硫、锑来源于震旦纪海水。根据石英和方解石的氧同位素组成算出了成矿热液温度为158℃。 相似文献
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川滇黔地区铅锌矿床稳定同位素地球化学研究现状综合分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
川滇黔接壤区是中国重要的铅锌多金属成矿区,目前已经发现了会泽、天宝山、大梁子等超大型-大型铅锌矿床。文章通过系统总结分析区域内铅锌矿床稳定同位素(C、H、O、S同位素)数据,结合区域构造控矿特征,表明成矿热液的碳、氧主要来源于碳酸盐岩围岩,个别矿床可能有有机碳或幔源碳参与成矿作用。黔西北地区从靠SE侧威宁-水城构造带上的铅锌矿床至NW侧垭都-蟒硐构造带上的铅锌矿床,方解石的δ~(13)CV-PDB值从0.6‰~2.5‰转变为-5.3‰~1.5‰,δ18OV-SMOW值从23.3‰~25.5‰转变为11.3‰~20.9‰,均显示出逐渐变小的趋势;SN向小江断裂带内各矿床表现出线性关系,并且具有向δ~(13)CV-PDB、δ~(18)OV-SMOW都亏损的方向偏移趋势,NE向断裂带内的各矿床C、O同位素则表现为集中一致的分布特征。H、O同位素显示成矿流体具有建造水(热卤水和油田卤水)特征,部分可能有大气降水、变质水和岩浆水参与成矿作用。矿床硫源主要为同时代海水硫酸盐的热化学还原(TRS)形成的还原硫,个别矿床细菌还原硫酸盐(BSR)形成的富含轻硫的油气藏中的H2S可能为成矿过程提供了部分硫来源。黔西北地区铅锌矿床S同位素组成具有从SE侧至NW侧向轻硫方向偏移的趋势,SN向小江断裂带内铅锌矿床S同位素组成较为集中一致,NE方向断裂带内铅锌矿床S同位素则具有从SW侧至NE侧向轻硫方向偏移的趋势,TSR的反应强度和反应速率降低可能是导致向轻硫方向偏移的重要原因之一。 相似文献
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中国主要类型锑矿床硫同位素组成及地球化学特征 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
中国主要类型锑矿床的硫同位素组成范围变化很大,锑矿床中各种矿物（辉锑矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿、雄黄、方铅矿、重晶石、毒砂、辰砂、脆硫锑铅矿）的δ３４Ｓ值从－３２．７‰变化到＋３４．８‰,极差值高达６７．５‰。各类锑矿床中矿物的硫同位素组成变化各异,说明锑矿床成因较复杂,硫的来源不仅有海水中沉淀的硫酸盐硫,而且还有生物、细菌形式的还原硫和深源硫（岩浆作用、喷流作用等）,从而形成不同类型或成因复杂的锑矿床 相似文献
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湖北徐家山锑矿床特征、稳定同位素组成及其成矿机理的初步探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
徐家山锑矿床产在上震旦统陡山沱组和灯影组海相碳酸盐岩地层中。矿石中含有硒。矿床成因类型属于沉积-渗流热水成矿溶液改造富集型层控锑矿床。本文在论述矿床地质特征、成矿阶段的划分、矿物包裹体特征及稳定同位素地球化学等研究成果的基础上,探讨了该矿床的成矿机理。 相似文献
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辉锑矿是贵州省八蒙锑矿床的主要矿物。本文研究了辉锑矿的产状、化学成分、物理性质、光学性质和晶体结构标型特征以及辉锑矿的同位素组成和石英的流体包裹体特征，指出八蒙锑矿床是大气降水成因的热液脉状矿床。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献