共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
气相色谱测定沉积物中多氯联苯的样品处理方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过比较密闭微波萃取、超声波萃取、索氏提取3种方法对沉积物中多氯联苯(PCBs)提取效率,对比浓硫酸和Florisil小柱两种净化方式的净化效果,在实验基础上建立了密闭微波萃取-Florisil小柱净化-气相色谱(ECD)测定沉积物中多氯联苯的分析方法,加标质量比为0.2ng/g时,其相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.19%～8.71%,回收率为77.3%～94.6%,检出限为0.027～0.064ng/g。采用该方法对威海湾养殖区沉积物中PCBs进行了监测,结果表明本方法适用于海洋沉积物样品中PCBs的测定。 相似文献
2.
微藻总脂含量测定方法概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
概述微藻总脂含量测定方法的研究现状并比较各方法的优缺点:(1)有机溶剂提取法使用较普遍、易操作、成本低,缺点是所需样品量大、所得总脂含量较低、溶剂有毒易污染环境、操作耗时费力;(2)索氏提取法测定微藻总脂含量较准确,缺点是所需试剂和样品量大,提取时间长;(3)荧光染料测定法、傅里叶变换红外光谱法、磷酸香草醛法、铜试剂法、苏丹黑染色法以及核磁共振法所需样品量少、所用时间短,但测定的总脂含量均为相对值.其中,荧光染料测定法不需要提取油脂且灵敏度高,但其易受各种因子影响;傅里叶变换红外光谱法和核磁共振法对样品无损伤,无需或仅需很少的预处理,后者重复性很好;磷酸香草醛法较稳定;铜试剂法成本低,但对其报道极少;苏丹黑染色法操作简单,不需要对藻细胞破碎及化学抽提,但不适用于不均匀样品的测定;(4)超临界CO2提取法和离子液体提取法提取效率高,所得总脂含量较高,但测定成本较高. 相似文献
3.
海洋微藻中EPA和DHA的超临界CO2提取方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用超临界CO_2萃取海洋微藻中的EPA和DHA,选用乙酸乙酯为改性剂,通过正交试验确定了工作压力、温度、CO_2消耗量和改性剂添加量等工艺条件的最优化组合,对日本小球藻Chlorellahiralaii、钝顶螺旋藻Spirulinaplatensis和亚心形扁藻Platymonassubcordiformis进行提取试验,并与直接酯化法、Bligh－Dyer法、索氏抽提法和乙醇－乙烷法等溶剂法作对比。以提取效率最高的直接酯化法为基础,超临界萃取法对日本小球藻中ω－3脂肪酸二十碳五烯酸（EPA）的提取率为92．1％,二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）为89．4％,对钝顶螺旋藻和亚心形扁藻的提取率也达到90％左右,高于其他溶剂法,产物中EPA和DHA的纯度亦优于溶剂法。 相似文献
4.
准确提取海岸水边线是海岸线变迁研究中必不可少的基本工作。本文以海南省陵水黎族自治县2016年的GF-2影像为数据源,在大气校正和正射校正等预处理的基础上,结合数学形态学处理等方法,采用NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index)阈值法、ISOADTA (Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique Algorithm)、SVM (Support Vector Machine)和面向对象法（Object-Oriented Classification,OOC）等4种不同方法来对海岸水边线进行提取,并对其提取结果进行定性和定量评估,进而分析比较了这4种方法在提取人工海岸、砂质海岸和基岩海岸等3种不同海岸类型的水边线时的提取效果和提取精度。结果表明,SVM方法在3种海岸水边线上的总体提取效果最好,总体提取精度最高。 相似文献
5.
Understanding the oil distribution characteristics in unconventional tight reservoirs is crucial for hydrocarbon evaluation and oil/gas extraction from such reservoirs. Previous studies on tight oil distribution characteristics are mostly concerned with the basin scale. Based on Lucaogou core samples, geochemical approaches including Soxhlet extraction, total organic carbon (TOC), and Rock-Eval are combined with reservoir physical approaches including mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) and porosity-permeability analysis, to quantitatively evaluate oil distribution of tight reservoirs on micro scale. The emphasis is to identify the key geological control factors of micro oil distribution in such tight reservoirs. Dolomicrites and non-detrital mudstones have excellent hydrocarbon generation capacity while detritus-containing dolomites, siltstones, and silty mudstones have higher porosity and oil content, and coarser pore throat radius. Oil content is mainly controlled by porosity, pore throat radius, and hydrocarbon generation capacity. Porosity is positively correlated with oil content in almost all samples including various lithologies, indicating that it is a primary constraint for providing storage space. Pore throat radius is also an important factor, as oil migration is inhibited by the capillary pressure which must be overcome. If the reservoir rock with suitable porosity has no hydrocarbon generation capacity, pore throat radius will be decisive. As tight reservoirs are generally characterized by widely distributed nanoscale pore throats and high capillary pressure, hydrocarbon generation capacity plays an important role in reservoir rocks with suitable porosity and fine pore throats. Because such reservoir rocks cannot be charged completely. The positive correlation between hydrocarbon generation capacity and oil content in three types of high porosity lithologies (detritus-containing dolomites, siltstones, and silty mudstones) supports this assertion. 相似文献
6.
通过2种样品前处理方式和4种不同的DNA提取方法相结合,提取橘色刺柳珊瑚(Echinogoria aurantiaca)基因组DNA,并对其18S rRNA基因进行了克隆和测序。实验结果表明,对于2种样品前处理方式,采用纯酒精进行样品前处理比PBS(磷酸缓冲液)进行样品前处理效果要好。在4种不同的DNA提取方法中,以CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)法提取基因组DNA效果最好,其余3种方法如PVP(聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮)法、高盐法和酚/氯仿法的提取效果较差。并且不同样品的钙质沉淀对DNA都有一定程度的吸附。最后,通过PCR扩增、克隆测序得到橘色刺柳珊瑚18S rRNA基因序列(AY962532)。BLAST软件进行序列比对表明橘色刺柳珊瑚与弱柳珊瑚(Leptogorgia chilensis)的18S rRNA基因(AF052928)同源性最高,为98.79%。 相似文献
7.
以坛紫菜（Porphyra haitanensis）为实验材料,采用盐酸水解法和浸提法,以日立L-8900型高速全自动氨基酸分析仪为测定仪器,分别研究了坛紫菜总氨基酸（TAA）和游离氨基酸（FAA）在提取过程中各条件的不同水平对提取结果的影响.实验结果表明：（1）利用正交设计L9（34）对影响TAA提取的4个条件（藻体质量、稀释倍数、干燥温度、空白值）在3个水平上进行优化实验,藻体质量、稀释倍数对测定结果影响显著,干燥温度影响不显著;通过实验筛选出各条件的最佳水平为：藻体质量为0.050 0g,稀释3倍,干燥温度为60℃.（2）利用正交设计L16（45）对影响FAA测定的5个条件（藻体质量、提取液、提取温度、提取时间、空白值）在4个水平上进行优化实验,结果表明藻体质量、提取液、提取温度、提取时间的不同水平对测定结果均有显著影响,其中藻体质量对结果的影响最大;通过实验筛选出各条件的最佳水平为：藻体质量为0.010 0 g,提取液为去离子水,提取温度为60℃,提取时间为4 h. 相似文献
8.
Reed Van Valin 《Marine Chemistry》1982,11(6):535-564
The characterization of solid phase-associated transition metals is important in understanding solid—seawater interactions. This has proven to be a difficult problem because of the complex nature of most sediments and suspended particulate matter. Many chemical techniques have been proposed to describe sedimentary metal phases. Most rely on characterizing equivalent chemical reactivities from the various metal phases rather than the characterization of the actual physical phases with which the metals are associated. In this study, several of the most widely used trace metal extraction techniques are compared for many of the most commonly measured transition metals using a variety of naturally occurring major marine sediment types. All solid concentrations are normalized to total metal values as obtained by neutron activation and X-ray fluorescence analyses.One weak, four intermediate strength, and two strong metal extraction methods were studied individually. The weak method had the lowest degree of extraction efficiency, but dissolved all solid carbonate phases. Its probable inability to retain released metals quantitatively in solution is a major problem. Three of the four intermediate methods are similar. The other and simplest of the four methods (0.5 N HCl), released much lower amounts of most metals studied when compared to these other three. It cannot be classified as a weak method, however, as it does attack some moderately resistant solid phases. Only one of the other three intermediate methods (a reducing acetic acid solution), was relatively free from analytical difficulties and it is preferred for this reason. The two strong extraction methods are quite similar, with neither yielding total metal concentrations.A five-step sequential extraction scheme was also evaluated. The results were generally quite good, both with regard to metal phase fractionation and overall total extraction of available metals. Based on the results of this study, a sequential extraction scheme is a useful method for characterizing solid phase-associated transition metals. 相似文献
9.
环境DNA(eDNA)技术结合高通量测序已广泛应用于评价微型生物多样性与群落构成。相较于eDNA,RNA在环境中易降解,环境RNA(eRNA)可更准确地反映群落近期生命活性状态。理论上,基于eRNA检获的生物多样性要低于eDNA检获的总体多样性。但前期已发表研究显示同一站点eDNA获得的多样性低于eRNA检获量,推测可能原因包括:1)样本量不同;2)RNA中存在DNA污染。为验证假设,本研究以陆架区2个站位沉积物中的纤毛虫为实验对象,系统性比较4种DNA/RNA提取方法:DNA直接提取(0.9 g沉积物),大样本量DNA直接提取(2 g), DNA洗脱法(2 g), RNA直接提取法(2g);以及3种RNA提取后的处理方法:无DNA酶反转录,含DNA酶反转录,先纯化RNA再反转录。研究结果表明,大样本量(2 g)DNA直接提取法所检获的可操作分类单元(OTUs)约为小样本量(0.9 g)的2倍。相同样本量下, DNA洗脱法检获的OTUs最多,而DNA直接提取检获的OTUs低于有/无DNA酶反转检获的数量,先纯化再反转录所获得OTUs最少。就群落构成而言, DNA洗脱法和RNA纯化可有效... 相似文献
10.
Understanding the hydrocarbon accumulation pattern in unconventional tight reservoirs is crucial for hydrocarbon evaluation and oil/gas extraction from such reservoirs. Previous studies on tight oil accumulation are mostly concerned with self-generation or from source to reservoir rock over short distances. However, the Lucaogou tight oil in Jimusar Sag of Junggar Basin shows transitional feature in between. The Lucaogou Formation comprises fine-grain sedimentary rocks characterized by thin laminations and frequently alternating beds. The Lucaogou tight silt/fine sandstones are poorly sorted. Dissolved pores are the primary pore spaces, with average porosity of 9.20%. Although the TOC of most silt/fine sandstones after Soxhlet extraction is lower than that before extraction, they show that the Lucaogou siltstones in the area of study have fair to good hydrocarbon generation potential (average TOC of 1.19%, average S2 of 4.33 mg/g), while fine sandstones are relatively weak in terms of hydrocarbon generation (average TOC of 0.4%, average S2 of 0.78 mg/g). The hydrocarbon generation amount of siltstones, which was calculated according to basin modeling transformation ratio combined with original TOC based on source rock parameters, occupies 16%–72% of oil retention amount. Although siltstones cannot produce the entire oil reserve, they certainly provide part of them. Grain size is negatively correlated with organic matter content in the Lucaogou silt/fine sandstones. Fine grain sediments are characterized by lower deposition rate, stronger adsorption capacity and oxidation resistance, which are favorable for formation of high quality source rocks. Low energy depositional environment is the primary reason for the formation of siltstones containing organic matter. Positive correlation between organic matter content and clay content in Lucaogou siltstones supports this view point. Lucaogou siltstones appear to be effective reservoir rocks due to there relatively high porosity, and also act as source rocks due to the fair to good hydrocarbon generation capability. 相似文献
11.
基于Landsat-8 OLI影像的南沙群岛岛礁遥感调查研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海洋沉积物中重金属的活性形态对于指示沉积物污染状况具有重要作用;为探寻简洁且能够有效提取重金属活性形态的浸提方法;实验研究了0.1 mol/L和1 mol/L盐酸的单级提取和欧共体标准局（European Community Bureau of Reference）提出的BCR分级提取法对胶州湾表层沉积物中重金属（Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn）和Al、Fe、Mn的浸取效果。结果显示;3种提取方法提取的金属含量呈显著正相关关系;两种浓度的稀盐酸对BCR方法中的酸可提取态和可还原态金属均具有较好浸提效果;但对可氧化态金属浸提能力相对较弱。不同提取方法的人为信号指数（ASI）计算结果表明;BCR浸取法提取结果的金属ASI值最大;表明其对沉积物中金属活性形态提取效率较高;1 mol/L HCl提取结果的金属ASI值最低;可能是较高浓度强酸使沉积物较大颗粒内层中“惰性”金属被浸取出来;“增加”了金属活性组分的污染讯息信号;对沉积物中Cu、Pb和Zn而言;0.1 mol/L HCl提取结果的ASI值与BCR方法接近。经过Al归一化后;0.1 mol/L HCl浸提的重金属含量的空间分布与胶州湾的实际污染状况相吻合;表明0.1 mol/L的HCl在一定程度上能够代替复杂的BCR浸取法;此方法可简化重金属活性形态的提取步骤;适合大范围沉积物重金属污染评价。 相似文献
12.
胶州湾沉积物重金属形态不同浸取方法的比较与污染讯息指示作用初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海洋沉积物中重金属的活性形态对于指示沉积物污染状况具有重要作用;为探寻简洁且能够有效提取重金属活性形态的浸提方法;实验研究了0.1 mol/L和1 mol/L盐酸的单级提取和欧共体标准局（European Community Bureau of Reference）提出的BCR分级提取法对胶州湾表层沉积物中重金属（Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn）和Al、Fe、Mn的浸取效果。结果显示;3种提取方法提取的金属含量呈显著正相关关系;两种浓度的稀盐酸对BCR方法中的酸可提取态和可还原态金属均具有较好浸提效果;但对可氧化态金属浸提能力相对较弱。不同提取方法的人为信号指数（ASI）计算结果表明;BCR浸取法提取结果的金属ASI值最大;表明其对沉积物中金属活性形态提取效率较高;1 mol/L HCl提取结果的金属ASI值最低;可能是较高浓度强酸使沉积物较大颗粒内层中“惰性”金属被浸取出来;“增加”了金属活性组分的污染讯息信号;对沉积物中Cu、Pb和Zn而言;0.1 mol/L HCl提取结果的ASI值与BCR方法接近。经过Al归一化后;0.1 mol/L HCl浸提的重金属含量的空间分布与胶州湾的实际污染状况相吻合;表明0.1 mol/L的HCl在一定程度上能够代替复杂的BCR浸取法;此方法可简化重金属活性形态的提取步骤;适合大范围沉积物重金属污染评价。 相似文献
13.
不同保存方法对厚壳贻贝样品蛋白提取效果的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)稚贝样品在冷冻保存过程中的蛋白变化情况,作者采用直接冷冻法、添加海水冷冻法、蛋白裂解液冷冻法等分别对保存1周至6个月的厚壳贻贝样品蛋白提取的不同效果进行了比较。SDS-PAGE胶结果显示,3种冷冻保存方法均出现4个有规律条带(a、b、c、d),其相对分子量依次约为55、46、38和26kDa。SDS-PAGE蛋白条带灰度值的检测结果表明,1个月内蛋白裂解液法保存的样品最佳;直接冷冻法和添加海水冷冻法的研究发现保存过程中的蛋白均出现不同程度的降解现象,因而可能不适宜用于该种稚贝样品的保存。 相似文献
14.
为了建立适于条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)蛋白质组学分析的的样品提取方法, 作者以条斑紫菜叶状体为材料, 比较了饱和硫酸铵沉淀法、三氯乙酸/丙酮沉淀法和酚提取方法3 种方法对条斑紫菜叶状体总蛋白的提取效果。结果表明, 针对条斑紫菜叶状体细胞中含有大量多糖, 多酚化合物, 色素等干扰物质的特点, 通过酚提取方法能有效去除这些干扰杂质, 得到清晰、稳定、干净的双向电泳图谱和相对较多的蛋白质点数, 为提高其他大型海藻的总可溶性蛋白提取效率提供了重要参考。 相似文献
15.
Lutz Brügmann Lars-Gran Danielsson Bertil Magnusson Stig Westerlund 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(4):327-339
During a cruise on the North Sea and the North East Atlantic, about 90 samples were obtained from various depths. Concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy after separation/concentration using two different extraction methods. One, using APDC and MIBK, was applied directly on board while the other, using a mixture of dithiocarbamates and freon, was applied after storage under acid conditions. About half of the samples were also analysed for cadmium, copper and lead using ASV. The results of these determinations are intercompared. Consistent results were obtained for cadmium with the two extraction methods and for lead with the freon extraction method and ASV. In the other cases discrepancies were found. 相似文献
16.
以织锦巴非蛤(Paphiatextile)为研究对象,分别用湿法与干法(冷冻干燥法)两种前处理方法提取织锦巴非蛤斧足、外套膜、闭壳肌及鳃4种组织的总类胡萝卜素,并比较两种前处理方法的提取效果。结果表明:用两种前处理方法提取各组织中总类胡萝卜素的变异系数均较小,干法的变异系数普遍小于湿法(P0.05)。湿法处理后提取总类胡萝卜素含量从高到低依次为:斧足、鳃、外套膜、闭壳肌,干法处理后提取总类胡萝卜素的排序结果与湿法处理后提取的结果一致,但干法的得率要显著高于湿法(P0.05),建议以后在对贝类中总类胡萝卜素进行提取时,宜选用冷冻干燥法作为前处理方法。 相似文献
17.
荧光法测定微型生物细胞内的ATP的技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ATP是生物体内的重要化合物,可用于估算微型生物的生物量,因此它在生态系统食物链和能量流动研究中具有重要意义。根据ATP与荧光素反应产生荧光的原理,可对微型生物细胞内的ATP进行测定。荧光法测定微型生物细胞内ATP灵敏度高、操作简便快捷。本文从样品处理、ATP提取、ATP测定、干扰因素及应用等几个方面介绍了荧光法测定微生物细胞内ATP的技术,评述了这些技术的优缺点和适用范围,总结了ATP提取和测定时可能存在的干扰因素及其采取的相应对策。 相似文献
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本文讨论了用90％丙酮从海藻中提取叶绿素进行测定的三种提取方法(研磨法、浸泡提取法、超声波粉碎法)的最佳条件。并对三种提取方法的提取效率进行了比较。结果表明研磨法的提取效率较高,样品可立即测定,是一种较好的提取方法。 本文还讨论了不同离心力对叶绿素测定的影响。实验表明使用离心力为2000g的[X]—64—01型离心机可基本满足测定要求。 相似文献
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针对遥感影像数据大面积覆盖的特性,利用数学形态学提出了一种多目标海岛水边线的同步提取模型,模型包括:利用K-means算法的海岛区域粗分割;基于灰度膨胀算法的海岛初始轮廓曲线确立;利用水平集算法的海岛水边线优化。以福州海域的多目标海岛水边线提取为例,将本文模型与K-means模型、二值化高斯滤波水平集模型(SBGFRLS)和基于改进水平集的海岛边界快速分割模型(ILSM-IBRS)进行了比较。结果表明,本文模型弥补了K-means模型的过分割现象,其计算耗时较SBGFRLS和ILSM-IBRS模型分别节省了96.16%和86.96%;其迭代次数分别减少了97.07%和90.59%。由此可见,本文模型解决了现有提取模型效率低、过分割等现象,实现了多目标海岛水边线的同步提取,为海岛普查等提供了一种快速提取方法。 相似文献