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中强地震前地震频次—震次关系式拟合优度变化的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据著名的Ｇｕｔｅｎｂｅｒｇ－Ｒｉｃｈｔｅｒ（以下简写成Ｇ－Ｒ）地震频次－振级统计关系式研究了我国东部地区（１０８°Ｅ以东）部分Ｍｓ≥５．０中强地震前一定时空尺内中小地震频次与震级线性拟合优度（线性相关系数ｒ）随时间变化的特征，结果表明，利用中强地震前震中区一定范围内的中小地震进行Ｇ－Ｒ关系式拟合时，其线性拟合优度在地震前出现不同程度的异常现象，其变化特点是：在中强地震发生前期，震源区及其附近中小 相似文献
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提出一种地震活动期、幕最大地震M1的估计方法：利用中低震级累计频度∑N与震级近似的直线关系得到间隔地震频度N与震级的线性关系。用间隔度N与震级的线性关系估计最大地震M1。结果表明，以震级－间隔频率的线性关系估计的M1比震级－累计频度关系得到的M1更接近实际发生的最大地震震级，震级－累计频率关系得到M1通常被高估。基于震级－累计频度关系曲线的特征和震级－间隔频度的线性关系估计的最大地震M1，可为中－长期地震趋势预测提供新的信息。研究表明，中国大陆自1979年开始的地震幕即将结束，而帕米尔东北侧自1915年以来的地震平静期也将结束。 相似文献
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对某些主震事件来说,地震预测也许是可能的。Ｖａｒｎｅｓ（１９８９）,Ｂｕｆｅ和Ｖａｒｎｅｓ（１９９０）提出的时间－破坏法利用前兆事件（前震）来确定能量加速释放曲线。通过公式与资料的拟合,可计算出预测破坏时间和震级。到目前为止,该方法已应用于构造活动区的仅有几项研究中,而且是针对中强主震事件。新马德里地震带（ＮＭＳＺ）的微震台网资料对于研究区来说,其震级≥１．５的地震资料是相当完整的,使用这种资料, 相似文献
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为了由过去的地震活动性推测将来的地震活动性,引入了地震（震级≥m）的期望年发生率v（≥m）来描述一个地区的地震活动性．根据全球地震目录（1964-1994年）以及南加州（1932-1995年）和华北（1970-1994年）两个区域地震目录资料,以统计样本量作为目录记录时间长短的相对量度,对由不同的统计样本量计算得出的地震实际年发生率v（≥m,T,t）进行了统计分析,得到三点结沦：①在统计样本量n足够大的情况下,地震实际年发生率表现出准平稳时间过程的特征,可近似地看作地震期望年发生率,本文给出了这种近似的误差（离差系数）与统计样本量之间的定量关系;②离差系数与统计样本量之间的关系与震级无关,表现出不同震级层次的相似性;③统计样本量相同时,不同震级的地震期望年发生率之间满足logv（≥）=a－bm的关系,形式上与G－R关系相似,但它给出了由小地震的统计特征估计大地震的期望年发生率及其统计误差的方法．基于上述结论,进一步讨论了地震活动性的统计特征在地震危险性分析中的潜在应用。 相似文献
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Sun Wenfu Gu Haoding 《东北地震研究》1995,(3)
根据数理统计理论和有关文献，利用辽宁地区（３８．７°－４３°Ｎ，１１９°－１２５°Ｅ）１９７０年以来的地震资料，建立了逐年最高震级时间序列的门限自回归模型和修改的震级一频度关系。同时，对辽宁地区地震活动的时空分布特征也作了详细的研究。最后，对辽宁地区未来（到２０００年）地震活动趋势和强度作了预测。 相似文献
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地震危险性参数（最大区域震级mmax、地震活动速率λ和古登堡－里克特方程式中的参数b）的最大似然估算方法已被扩展用于处理包括历史大震和近代完整观测资料在内的混合资料。该方法可以收取利用具有不同临界震级值的地震目录中各种质量不一的完整资料。本程序作为一个案列证被用来估计卡拉布里亚和西西里东部地区的地震活动性参数。 相似文献
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选取了2011年9月至2016年9月地震数据及资料,研究了水库水位与地震时空活动特征,计算了168次ML3.0级以上地震的震源参数.结果显示:区域视应力值随震级的增大而增大,反映了不同震级地震在应力水平积累等方面的差异;视应力有随地震矩增大而增大的趋势,意味着人类活动可能为该区域地震活动的主要因素;拐角频率与震级的关系可分为两段来看,当震级范围为ML3.0～3.5时,拐角频率随震级增大而降低的现象并不明显,当震级范围为ML3.5～4.4时,拐角频率随震级增大而降低,表明震级越大,库区破裂尺度在增大,反应了区域应力积累,应力水平有所增强;视应力时空分布特征显示,视应力随时间变化与频次存在着一定的相关性,且整体视应力水平逐渐增高,且最大地震发生在大坝附近,这些现象都可能为水库蓄水导致区域构造环境发生变化而造成. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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