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1.
热带和中纬太平洋海温异常对东北夏季低温冷害影响的诊断分析研究 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
利用1995~1997年东北地区23个测站的地面气温资料、1950~1996年太平洋地区月平均海温资料以及1980~1994年全球月平均风场资料,分析了东北夏季低温冷害的时空特征和变化规律,探讨了太平洋各区域的海温异常与低温冷害之间的可能联系及其影响机理。结果表明,用EOF分解得到的前三个特征向量（占总方差的84.28%）基本表示了东北夏季气温的变化,用这三个特征向量重建的气温距平场,存在着3~4年、6~8年和准16年的主周期,其中6~8年的主分量信号最强。在年代际尺度上,在1979年前后发生了由气温偏冷向偏暖的突变。热带西太平洋暖池（140°E~180°,10°S~10°N）是影响东北夏季气温的关键海域,那里前期冬季海表温度变化是预测东北夏季低温冷害的强信号。另一个关键海域是中纬西太平洋（130°E~180°,10~30°N）,前期春季的海温变化也与东北夏季低温有较密切的联系。 相似文献
2.
利用1951-2006年岷县、天水、汉中和西安4站（7—9月）降水量资料、南方涛动指数（Iso）和北太平洋海温资料,分析了南方涛动和热带海温与西北地区东部汛期降水的关系。发现Iso和NIN04区海温与西北地区东部汛期降水关系密切;5—6月南方涛动强弱变化及热带海温距平分布对西北地区东部汛期降水具有很好的预测指示意义;Iso与热带不同海区的海温相关程度不同,并表现出明显的季节变化;5—6月NIN03区和NIN04区海温的异常变化对7—9月南方涛动强弱变化有很好的预测指示性。 相似文献
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4.
夏季中国降水型的年代际变化与大气内部动力过程及外强迫因子关系 总被引：23，自引：15，他引：8
根据中国160站月平均降水、NCEP/NCAR的再分析资料以及英国气象局哈德莱中心1900～1999年全球1°×1°格点月平均海表温度距平资料,利用物理量诊断、EOF分析等方法,探讨东亚季风区大气环流内部动力过程与大气外强迫因子（海温）年代际变化及对中国夏季降水型的影响。分析发现,中国东部地区、西北地区夏季降水型有各自不同的年代际变化趋势;中国东部夏季降水型及东亚夏季风环流年代际变化趋势与大气外强迫因子北太平洋中纬度海温年代际变化（PDO）关系密切;中国西北地区夏季降水年代际变化与大气内部动力过程中纬度西风带扰动动能年代际减弱有关。 相似文献
5.
近50年来全球海温异常对我国东部地区冬季温度异常影响的诊断研究 总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28
利用1951－1997年全球海温、风场月平均资料和我国东部地区100个测站的冬季地面气温等资料，分析了我国东部地区冬季温度异常的时空特征和变化规律，探讨了全球海温异常与我国东部地区冬季温度异常的关系。发现赤道印度洋、赤道东太平洋、黑潮区是影响我国东部地区冬季温度异常的关键海区。前期夏、秋季赤道印度泣、赤道东太平洋海温异常与我国东部地区冬季温度异常有较好的相关关系，对预测我国东部地区冬季温度异常有一定的前兆意义。且不同关键海区的海温异常在不同季节对我国东部地区冬季温度异常产生影响的区域不同。 相似文献
6.
利用40年(1961-2000年)的海温资料和同期NCEP／NCAR资料以及高原51个测站的降水资料，探讨了赤道东太平洋平均海温异常变冷与青藏高原东部地区500hPa月平均高度的相关关系，以及在这种相关影响下高原平均气温、比湿和气流动能等的变化状态。结果表明：赤道东太平洋海温异常变冷(SSTA≤-0.4℃)时，海温变化与青藏高原东部地区500hPa月平均高度场之间存在明显的相关关系。这些相关不但影响到高原高度场，还影响到气温、比湿和气流动能等，使高原500hPa气象场发生变化，同时这种变化又与高原东部地区表征旱涝状况的Z指数的时空分布有很好的对应关系。文中具体分析了海温异常变冷后，其第6个月的海温与同期高原500hPa高度呈反相关(此时的相关程度最大，达到-9l％)时，高原气温、比湿和气流动能等变化状况以及与之对应的z指数的分布情况，发现当受影响的高度、气温、比湿增大及气流动能减小时，高原东部地区发生雨涝(多雨)的几率较大；当受影响的高度、气温、比湿减小及气流动能增大时，高原东部地区发生干旱(少雨)的几率较大。 相似文献
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采用SVD、 相关分析及EOF方法, 分析了中国东部冬季地面气温与北大西洋及北太平洋海温异常变化的关系。结果表明： （1）中国东部冬季气温变化的一致性较高; （2）冬季气温异常与前一年9月北大西洋海域关键区（16°～40°N, 60°～24°W）海温和当年2月西北太平洋关键区（20°～40°N, 124°E～180°）海温呈显著的正相关分布, 即前一年9月北大西洋和当年2月西北太平洋海温异常偏高（低）, 东部冬季气温亦偏高（低）, 即前一年9月北大西洋海温的异常是否为我国冬季气温的气候预测提供了一种前期信号; （3）关键区海温对中国东部冬季气温的影响存在区域差异。北大西洋前期海温与中国东部冬季气温有密切的关系, 而西北太平洋的海温主要影响长江流域及其以北的季风中部区; （4）海温影响气温的可能机理是西北太平洋海温异常升高, 使乌山脊减弱, 阿拉斯加脊减弱, 东亚大槽减弱向东移动, 纬向环流加强, 高纬度的冷空气不易南下, 导致我国东部大部分地区冬季气温偏暖, 反之亦然。在年代际尺度上, 纬向环流和东亚大槽对海温有显著的响应; 但在年际变化方面, 东亚大槽对海温的响应不显著。 相似文献
8.
用奇异谱分析（ＳＳＡ）研究了１３６年（１８５６－１９９１年）全球平均海温季距平演变特征，并对各主分量作了最大熵谱分析。结果表明，海温演变除了具有８１年周期外，还有一些非常明显的周期振动，这些周期主要是准１０年和２．６－６年。从各主分量的方差贡献来看，前１５个主分量的方差贡献之和是总方差的７８％。从特征向量的分布函数来看，第１、２特征向量表示了海温序列的线性特征，它们的方差之和可以占到总方差的４８％ 相似文献
9.
中国西部地区气温与太平洋海温的关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用1961~1990年我国西部(110 E以西)155个测站的地面月平均气温和同期太平洋地区月平均海温资料和经验正交函数(EOF)展开方法,研究了中国西部地区各个季节的气温距平时空分布规律以及西部地区气温距平与太平洋海温异常之间的相互联系。结果发现:利用EOF展开得到的特征向量和时间系数能够较好地反映西部地区实际气温异常的时空分布特征。El Nino和La Nina年西部气温距平分布(冬季除外)呈现基本相反的状况,即在El Nino年气温偏暖(冷)的区域,在La Nina年则是气温偏冷(暖)的区域。各季节西部地区的气温变化与太平洋海温异常存在着相互影响和作用。 相似文献
10.
近50年热带印度洋海温距平场的时空特征分析 总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30
选取印度洋48年的海表温度距平资料,采用经验正交函数法,对热带印度洋的年季平均海表温度距平场的时空分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,印度洋海表温度多年的年季平均距平的空间分布主要表现为三种定常类型：（1）全区一致型;（2）东西差异型;（3）南北差异型。研究还表明,印度洋48年的海表温度变化相对于较大时间尺度的演变来说,主要特征是由冷到暖的年代际变化,50～60年代为偏冷期,70年代为冷暖交替的过渡期,80～90年代为偏暖期;次主要特征反映了印度洋海温东西热力场的异常年际变化,平均海温距平场第二特征向量的时间系数变化同ENSO有较密切的关系,大（小）的时间系数对应LaNina（ElNina）事件。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献