共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
用盐酸预处理岩矿样品以驱除样品中的碳酸盐碳;滤出酸不溶物并洗净,待干燥后置入900-1000℃的管式炉中,在富氧气流中灼烧,有机碳被氧化成CO2由烧碱石棉吸收后称重,根据烧碱石棉管的增重计算有机碳的含量。对含有机碳为0．23％的样品进行10次测定,标准偏差为0．0116％,变异系数为5．04％。 相似文献
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高频燃烧-红外碳硫吸收仪快速测定含铜烧结物料中的高含量硫 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
应用高频燃烧-红外碳硫吸收法测定含铜烧结物中的高含量硫。对样品称样量、助熔剂的种类、加入顺序、用量等测定条件进行研究。由于样品含硫量的不同,根据矿石标准样品中含硫量的比例关系确定具体的称样量。以纯铁屑和钨粒作助熔剂,高温燃烧分解试样,红外检测可定量测定含铜烧结物样品中含量为1%~23%的硫。方法加标回收率为94%~113%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)小于2%。与经典的硫酸钡重量法对比,相对误差小于4%。建立的方法解决了大宗含铜烧结物中硫快速、准确测定的问题,已应用于实际的日常检验工作。 相似文献
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对土壤有机质的测定方法从消煮方式、消煮温度、消煮时间、干扰因子的去除等方面进行了改进和探讨。用土壤国家标准物质GBW07406、GBW07427、GBW07428、GBW07430和自制二级土壤参考标准物质GRD40-13验证改进后的方法,测定值与标准值吻合。对GBW07402、GBW07424各进行12次测定,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)分别为:2.02%;0.73%。本法的氧化校正系数=1.00,且准确度高、重现性好、无污染、操作简便,已成功应用于诸多土壤样品分析中,结果完全能达到测试质量要求,适用于测定有机质含量在15%以下的土壤样品。 相似文献
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土壤环境标准样品是土壤生态环境监测质量控制的重要技术工具。目前,土壤中总有机碳环境标准样品仍为中国环境标准样品体系的空缺,特别是配套燃烧氧化-非分散红外法的土壤标准样品一直未曾问世。本文以有机碳含量较高的农用地土壤为原材料,经干燥、研磨、混匀、装瓶、灭菌等加工步骤,制备获得土壤中总有机碳环境标准样品。分层随机抽取10瓶样品进行均匀性检验,经评价统计量F小于临界值F_(0.05)(9,10),瓶间均匀性相对不确定度(u_(bb))为1.5%,样品均匀性良好。在室温避光保存条件下,对样品进行了18个月的稳定性检验,稳定性相对不确定度(u_(lts))为1.2%,样品具有良好稳定性。由中国11家实验室采用燃烧氧化-非分散红外法和重铬酸钾容量法进行协作定值,通过对检测结果的数理统计分析,样品量值评定结果为(25.2±1.4)mg/g。该标准样品为采用燃烧氧化-非分散红外法参与定值的土壤中总有机碳环境标准样品,可作为土壤中总有机碳测定标准方法配套的实物标准,满足土壤生态环境监测及相关研究需求,且与国外同类样品具有可比性。 相似文献
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应用高频红外碳硫仪研究了东北黑土地中碳的赋存形态（全碳、有机碳）,实验优化了样品称样量、纯铁纯钨助熔剂加入量等测试条件.结果表明：当样品称样量在0.05 g、纯铁助熔剂加入量为0.5 g、纯钨助熔剂加入量为1.0 g时,黑土地中碳形态分析测试效果最佳.用该方法对有证土壤标准物质进行分析,结果均在不确定度范围内,测量值与标准值相对误差在-5.00%~+2.69%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于6.29%.应用该方法与地质矿产行业标准方法（DZ/T0279.27-2016）对黑土实际样品进行比较分析,测试结果基本一致,此方法适合东北黑土地中碳的赋存形态分析研究. 相似文献
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高灵敏度元素分析仪-连续流同位素质谱法对硅酸盐岩中碳及碳同位素组成的精确测定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
硅酸盐岩中含有微量的碳,对其精确地分析可以示踪流体的来源和形成过程。元素分析仪-同位素质谱方法(EA-IRMS)是一种使用样品量小、快速的分析方法,本文将EA-IRMS技术应用于硅酸盐岩中微量碳同位素组成的测定,基于一系列条件实验,确认了硅酸盐岩中微量碳分析的EA-IRMS连续流方法的关键条件参数。标准物质选择和归一化处理使用以下方法:(1)选择较宽碳同位素组成范围且合理的碳同位素分布的标准物质,以高纯石英粉末与之混合来模拟天然样品中的基质。(2)利用与样品类似含量的3个标准物质的测量值和标准真值建立校准曲线,对天然样品的测量值进行标准化,从而实现了对硅酸盐岩中低至600!g/g微量碳含量和同位素组成的精确测定。用国家标准物质GBW04416作为未知样品检验了不同含量下拟合的线性方程,在碳含量不低于600!g/g时,标准偏差分别约为0.02‰、0.04‰、0.05‰、-0.07‰、0.11‰;在MERCK+USGS24混合物中,测量的δ13C值在标准误差范围内与理论值是一致的。因此,对于碳含量不低于600!g/g的30 mg硅酸盐岩样品,本方法能够获得高精准度的碳同位素分析结果。根据不同碳含量的标准混合物的峰面积(峰强度)和相对应的含量所建立的线性曲线获得样品的碳含量,碳含量的分析误差在10%以内。 相似文献
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不纯碳酸盐碳氧同位素组成的在线分析 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
利用 GV IsoPrime(R)Ⅱ型稳定同位素质谱仪测量不纯碳酸盐样品的碳氧同位素组成,这些样品是用国家碳酸盐碳氧同位素一级标准物质 GBW04406与去除了碳酸盐的沉积物混合配制而成的, CaCO3含量在 2%～ 90%之间.结果显示 ,δ 13C内部精度为 0.002‰～ 0.005‰ (1σ ),δ 18O内部精度为 0.003‰～ 0.009‰ (1σ ),与测量所得的纯 CaCO3国际国内标准物质结果的内部精度范围一致,且外部精度达到仪器的指标要求,同时 ,不同 CaCO3含量样品的δ 13C和δ 18O的测量值 (测量平均值:δ 13C =-10.932‰± 0.021‰,δ 18O=-12.483‰± 0.054‰; 1σ )也在误差允许范围之内与 GBW04406推荐值 (δ 13C=-10.85‰± 0.05‰, δ 18O =-12.40‰± 0.15‰ ; 1σ )一致.可见碳酸盐的含量并不影响其碳氧同位素组成的分析结果,所以在线分析不纯碳酸盐的碳氧同位素组成是可行的,在线分析不纯碳酸盐样品的碳氧同位素组成之前应先对样品中碳酸盐含量进行大致估计,根据碳酸盐含量高低来确定样品用量以达到最佳分析效果. 相似文献
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It is recognized that karst processes are actively involved in the current global carbon cycle based on twenty years research, and the carbon sink occurred in karst processes is possibly an important part of “missing sink” in global carbon cycle. In this paper, an overview is given on karst carbon cycle research, and influence factors, formed carbon pools (background carbon sink) and sink increase potentials of current karst carbon cycle are analyzed. Carbonate weathering could contribute to the imbalance item (BIM) and land use change item (ELUC) in the global carbon cycle model, owing to its uptake of both atmospheric CO2 (carbon sink effect) and CO2 produced by soil respiration (carbon source reduction effect). Karst carbon sink includes inorganic carbon sink resulted from hydrogeochemical process and organic carbon sink generated by aquatic photosynthetic DIC conversion, forming relatively stable river (reservoir) water body or sediment carbon sink. The sizes of both sinks are controlled by terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems, respectively. Desertification rehabilitation and carbon sequestration by aquatic plants are two effective ways to increase the carbon sink in karst area. It is estimated that the rate of carbon sink is at least 381 000 t CO2/a with vegetation restoration and afforestation in southwest China karst area, while the annual organic carbon sink generated by aquatic photosynthesis is about 84 200 t C in the Pearl River Basin. The development of a soil CO2 based model for assessment of regional dissolution intensity will help to improve the estimation accuracy of carbon sink increase and potential, thus provide a more clear and efficient karst sink increase scheme and pathway to achieve the goals of “double carbon”. With the deep investigation on karst carbon cycle, mechanism and carbon sink effect, and the improvement of watershed carbon sink measurement methods and regional sink increase evaluation approaches. Karst carbon sink is expected to be included in the list of atmospheric CO2 sources/sinks of the global carbon budget in the near future. 相似文献
12.
碳中和愿景下,加强森林的固碳增汇功能是抵消和吸纳碳排放最经济和最有效的途径。精准评估森林碳汇和预估森林固碳潜力,有助于量化森林在应对气候变化和实现碳中和愿景中的贡献。然而,森林分布的广泛性、森林生态系统结构的复杂性以及评估数据的代表性不够和方法学的差异性,造成森林碳汇评估的结果普遍存在精度低、不确定性高的问题。在界定森林碳储量、碳汇和固碳潜力等基本概念后,从森林定义、评估时空尺度、碳库选择及其基本方法等方面阐述了森林碳汇评估的方法,分析各类方法的主要特征、主要问题、优势和不足; 基于面积和生长假设情景,回顾了森林固碳潜力预估方法,重点分析了近10 a中国森林固碳潜力研究成果,预估到2030年和2060年,中国森林植被的年固碳潜力分别可达1.69亿t/a和1.48亿t/a左右的水平。最后,探讨了森林碳汇评估方法和固碳潜力预估的未来发展趋势,为不同时空尺度下森林碳汇评估和固碳潜力预估提供参考。 相似文献
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《Atmósfera》2014,27(2):165-172
In Mexico, approximately 7650 wildfires occur annually, affecting 263 115 hectares of land. In addition to their impact on land degradation, wildfires cause deforestation, damage to ecosystems and promote land use change; apart from being the source of emissions of toxic substances to the environment (i.e., hydrogen cyanide, black carbon and organic carbon). Black carbon is a short-lived greenhouse pollutant that also promotes snow and ice melting and decreased rainfall; it has an estimated global warming potential close to 5000.1 We present an estimate of the black carbon and organic carbon emissions from wildfires in Mexico from 2000 to 2012 using selected emission factors from the literature and activity data from local agencies. The results show average emissions of 5955 Mg/yr for black carbon and 62 085 Mg/yr for organic carbon. Black carbon emissions are estimated to be 14 888 Gg CO2 equivalent (CO2 eq) per year on average. With proper management of wildfires, such emissions can be mitigated. Moreover, improved air quality, conservation of ecosystems, improvement of visibility and maintenance of land use are a subset of the related co-benefits. Mitigating forest organic carbon emissions, which are ten times higher than black carbon emissions, would also prevent the morbidity and mortality impacts of toxic organic compounds in the environment. 相似文献
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2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和(简称“双碳”)是我国对国际社会的庄严承诺,已被纳入生态文明建设的总体布局。生态系统碳汇是实现“双碳”目标的重要手段,也是林业和草原实现高质量发展的必然要求。国际有关机构对全球森林、草地和湿地生态系统的碳储量和碳循环进行了评估。自1990年以来,附件一国家(指《联合国气候变化框架公约》附件一列出的经济合作发展组织中所有发达国家和经济转型国家)对本国的碳排放和碳汇进行估算,编制了年度温室气体清单; 我国也编制了5次国家温室气体清单。这些工作对我国开展应对气候变化的研究提供了基础。提出了如下建议: 在编制“双碳” 路线图和时间表时,既要考虑我国生态系统碳汇与能源和工业领域碳排放在区域空间分布和时间维度上的差异性,也要考虑生态系统同时所具有的碳汇和碳排放的特殊性; 生态系统碳汇是碳达峰的非选项,是碳中和的必选项; 生态系统碳汇要遵循国家实现“双碳”目标的基本原则,要将生态系统碳汇作为国家生态建设和保护工程的主要目标,提高碳汇计量和监测能力,完善市场和融资机制。 相似文献
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在百万年时间尺度上,大气、海洋中的二氧化碳浓度(PCO2,二氧化碳分压)和长期变化主要受岩浆-变质脱碳作用和硅酸盐风化作用(消耗二氧化碳)控制。因此,地球表层主要构造活动带的构造-岩浆活动对长期碳循环具有重要的驱动作用。本文在总结已发表文献的基础上,系统评估了大陆弧,尤其是晚白垩世大陆弧的岩浆作用和剥蚀作用的碳通量,并以此为依据探讨了大陆弧演化对于全球长期碳循环的影响。大陆弧岩浆作用以周期性(几十万年至一百百万年)岩浆爆发(magmatic flare-ups)为特征。在一个周期内,大规模岩浆喷发会导致CO2排放量大幅度增加,促进温室效应。但同时,大规模的岩浆作用又会导致地壳增厚和和地表抬升,从而促进剥蚀作用、提高化学风化通量,进而增加CO2消耗量。对于单个的大陆弧来说,在其演化的不同阶段对于碳循环扮演着不同的角色：演化早期由于岩浆作用起主导作用,表现为净碳源;而在岩浆作用减弱或停止后,由于剥蚀作用的持续进行,表现为净碳汇。因此,从长周期和全球尺度上讲,大陆弧岩浆活动表现的“碳源属性”受到化学风化作... 相似文献
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Bruce Peterson Brian Fry Meredith Hullar Susan Saupe Richard Wright 《Estuaries and Coasts》1994,17(1):111-121
The distributions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the natural carbon isotope ratio of DOC (DO13C) in estuaries reflect the predominant sources and sinks of organic matter from both allochthonous and autochthonous origins. The traditional view is that DOC in land-margin ecosystems reflects mainly the mixing of land-derived and oceanic DOC. However, this view is not consistent with the bulk of our data from a survey of DOC and DO13C distributions in estuaries on the East and Gulf coasts of the USA. While it is accurate that the DOC in estuaries includes material derived from land and from the ocean, the distributions of DOC and DO13C in several estuaries reflect additional DOC inputs from estuarine phytoplankton and tidal marshes. Even when DOC concentrations were distributed conservatively, the isotopic composition of the DOC revealed the existence of a dynamic cycle of DOC input and removal in some systems. 相似文献
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The amount of bicarbonate utilised by plants is usually ignored because of limited measurement methods. Accordingly, this study quantified the photosynthetic assimilation of inorganic carbon (CO2 and HCO3 ?) by plants. The net photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (P N), the photosynthetic assimilation of CO2 and bicarbonate (P N’), the proportion of increased leaf area (f LA) and the stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of Orychophragmus violaceus (Ov) and Brassica juncea (Bj) under three bicarbonate levels (5, 10 and 15 mm NaHCO3) were examined to determine the relationship among P N, P N’ and f LA. P N’, not P N, changed synchronously with f LA. Moreover, the proportions of exogenous bicarbonate and total bicarbonate (including exogenous bicarbonate and dissolved CO2-generated bicarbonate) utilised by Ov were 2.27 % and 5.28 % at 5 mm bicarbonate, 7.06 % and 13.28 % at 10 mm bicarbonate, and 8.55 % and 17.31 % at 15 mm bicarbonate, respectively. Meanwhile, the proportions of exogenous bicarbonate and total bicarbonate utilised by Bj were 1.77 % and 3.28 % at 5 mm bicarbonate, 2.11 % and 3.10 % at 10 mm bicarbonate, and 2.36 % and 3.09 % at 15 mm bicarbonate, respectively. Therefore, the dissolved CO2-generated bicarbonate and exogenous bicarbonate are important sources of inorganic carbon for plants. 相似文献
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An experiment was carried out in two soils of oasis farmland and the surrounding desert at the southern periphery of the Gurbantonggut
Desert, in central Asia, to test the effects of land use on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and carbon efflux in deep soil.
The result showed that although SOC content in the topsoil (0–0.2 m) decreased by 27% after desert soil was cultivated, total
carbon stock within the soil profile (0–2.5 m) increased by 57% due to the significant increase in carbon stock at 0.2- to
2.5-m depth, and carbon efflux also markedly increased at 0- to 0.6-m depth. In the topsoil, the carbon process of the oasis
was mainly dominated by consumption; in the subsoil (0.2–0.6 m) it was likely to be co-dominated by storage and consumption,
and the greatest difference in SOC stock between the two soils also lay in this layer; while in the deep layer (0.6–2.5 m)
of the oasis, with a more stable carbon stock, there was carbon storage dominated. Moreover, carbon stocks in the deep layer
of the two soils contributed about 65% of the total carbon stocks, and correspondingly, microbial activities contributed 71%
to the total microbial activity in the entire soil profile, confirming the importance of carbon cycling in the deep layer.
Desert cultivation in this area may produce unexpectedly high carbon stocks from the whole profile despite carbon loss in
the topsoil. 相似文献
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Particulate organic carbon found in sea foam and water samples from North Inlet, South Carolina, were examined for their δ13C isotopic composition. Sea foam particulate organic carbon (POC) δ13C values ranged from ?20.4 to ?24.6‰ (mean=?22.3‰) and water POC δ13C values ranged from ?21.0 to ?28.5‰ (mean= ?24.4‰). Temporal trends in sea foam and water POC indicate that δ13C values for both POC components are depleted in the colder months and enriched in the warmer months. Measurement of δ13C from potential sources for organic matter found in sea foam, combined with data on macroalgae productivity and phytoplankton biomass, indicates that macroalgae are the principal source of POC for sea foam in the colder months. In the warmer months, phytoplankton appear to be more important contributors. The observed water POC δ13C values were always depleted relative to foam POC δ13C values. This isotopic difference may result from chemical segregation during sea foam formation or may reflect DOC δ13C values from terrestrial origins. 相似文献
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Michel Bakalowicz 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(5):423-424