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作为一种常见的近海海底灾害地质现象,波致海床液化严重威胁着黄河三角洲地区海底工程设施的安全。粉质海床液化后,海底粉土的结构、物理和力学性质均发生了改变,研究该变化规律尤其是评估液化后海底粉土再次发生液化的可能性具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。本文利用室内动三轴仪对取自黄河三角洲已液化和未液化海底粉土开展了液化试验对比研究,讨论了已液化和未液化海底粉土在孔压增长模式和轴向动应变发展趋势方面的异同,对比分析了二者的液化势。研究结果表明:应变标准比孔压标准更适用于评估黄河三角洲地区海底粉土的液化势;孔压和动应变发展模式均表明与未液化粉土相比,已液化海底粉土再次发生液化的抗力有所提高;已液化和未液化海底粉土归一化孔压比ud/σ3与循环加载次数比N/Nf间相关关系可采用双曲线或指数函数模型进行定量化描述;未液化海底粉土的波致液化临界循环应力比约为0.20,已液化海底粉土的临界循环应力比约为0.35。研究成果有助于加深对海底粉土波致液化特性的认识,亦可为循环应力历史影响下的土体力学性质研究提供参考。 相似文献
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黄河水下三角洲沉积物在循环荷载作用下土体中孔压变化实验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用室内周期循环加载试验 ,对黄河水下三角洲土体中孔隙水压力的变化加以测定 ,通过对波浪水槽试验和动三轴试验 2种方案所获数据分析认为黄河水下三角洲土体 (粉土、粘质粉土、粉质粘土 )存在一破坏的循环极限荷载。在小于此极限循环荷载作用情况下 ,土体中孔隙水压力总体呈现下降趋势 ,没有积累升高的过程 ,不同于砂土在循环荷载作用下孔隙水压力升高导致液化的情况。这一现象对判别黄河水下三角洲土体破坏机制的研究有重要意义。 相似文献
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黏粒含量对粉质土液化发生的作用机制 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
近年来,海岸沉积的粉质土在波浪作用下发生液化的问题开始被关注和研究。由于粉质土中含有黏粒成分,其液化机制可能与砂性土不同。通过对不同黏粒含量的粉质土进行循环荷载三轴试验,获得孔压、应变的变化曲线。以应变5%为土体破坏标准,结合土体的微结构特征,分析认为粉质土由于黏粒含量不同,存在液化破坏和触变破坏两种导致液化发生的机制。 相似文献
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波浪作用下黄河口粉土液化与振荡层形成试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过室内水槽试验,观察波浪作用下土体产生的现象,分析了土体内孔隙水压力的变化及波浪作用后土体粒度组成变化特征,研究了波浪荷载作用下黄河口粉土液化和"振荡层"的形成过程。试验及讨论结果表明:在波浪作用下,上层粉土体大部分时间处于液化状态;由液化土形成的振荡土层与下部土层之间形成"W"形的滑动面,振荡土层的厚度随着波浪作用时间的增加而变小;在波浪的振动和孔隙流体的共同作用下,土颗粒重新排列,细粒物质向上迁移,土体底部土颗粒粒径较为粗大,振荡层范围内土颗粒粒径组成相似,粒径分布范围较小;其内部孔压比随深度和波浪作用次数的增加而较少,土体内部积累的超孔压逐渐消散,海床土体逐渐趋于稳定。 相似文献
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波浪作用下液化粉土流动特性拖球试验研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
粉质土大量存在于黄河水下三角洲地区,粉土液化过程中具有类似流体的性质,可以把液化过程中的粉土视为黏性流体进行研究。基于流体力学中Stokes黏滞阻力原理,在波浪水槽试验基础上,设计了一套测量液化过程中粉土流变特性的拖球装置,并对其实用性进行验证。在铺设有粉土底床的波浪水槽中埋入可以水平滑动的小球,通过拖动小球在粉土中水平运动,测量小球所受阻力值的大小,用以计算液化粉土表观动力黏度。充分考虑试验中波浪要素、超孔压比等因素的影响。结果表明,该装置能够满足试验要求;波浪循环荷载作用下,观察到了孔压的累积至液化的过程;波浪参数对结果有较大影响,其中波高越大,表观黏度值越小;同一波高情况下,表观黏度随时间缓慢增加;随着超孔压比的升高,波浪作用下粉土表观黏度值逐渐减小。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(10)
入海河口三角洲浅海环境中的低坡度粉土海底,受到长期波浪荷载或短期风暴浪作用,能够出现浅表层软弱区局部液化,液化后的泥沙继续受波浪作用,发展成更大规模的海底地质灾害,对海洋开发活动及设施构成严重危害。本文采用黄河三角洲粉土铺设试验底床,进行粉土底床液化后泥沙出流形式的波浪水槽试验,发现波浪作用下粉土底床液化后,液化泥沙将从源区出流。根据波浪水槽试验泥沙液化出流的过程与形式,将底床分为液化流动源区、坡面区、边壁区以及原始底床区四部分,前三个区域的循环转化推动液化泥沙以分层堆积推进的形式出流。本试验研究给出了浅海环境中一种可能的粉土底床液化出流形式。 相似文献
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海底塌陷凹坑是黄河三角洲地区常见的一种地貌现象,广泛分布于近代沉积海床中。虽然目前海底塌陷凹坑形成机理尚未明确,但普遍认为其成因与波浪引起的海床渗流有关。为此,设计模拟波压力的实验装置,对粉土施加40kPa循环水压荷载,研究正常固结粉土在液化渗流条件下的侵蚀过程。试验过程中,粉土液化时产生2种不同的裂隙,即倾斜状的"干裂隙"和水平状的"水夹层";孔隙水从"水夹层"中渗出,把从土样侧壁冲刷下的物质运移至土样表面堆积,形成"泥火山"。试验表明,土体内气泡溢出对表层土的侵蚀具有强化作用;循环荷载产生的孔隙水压力梯度是粉土液化渗流动力,而渗流过程对土的粒径成分具有粗化作用;分析结果表明,波压力引起的海床渗流是长效的作用机制,不同于地震荷载引起的渗流侵蚀。这种侵蚀模式是海底塌陷凹坑形成的主要原因。 相似文献
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循环荷载下饱和粉土地基单桩水平承载特性试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在饱和粉土地基中进行了单桩水平静力和循环加载室内模型试验,实测得到静载和循环荷载下桩身弯矩与深度的关系、桩身最大弯矩与循环次数之间的关系等,推导出静载和循环荷载下粉土的p-y曲线,并结合API规范给出了针对粉土地基的相关参数。单桩循环加载试验结果表明,在一定深度内随着循环次数增大,粉土极限抗力显著减小,文中给出了不同循环次数和深度下粉土地基极限抗力的折减系数建议值。 相似文献
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The characteristics of dynamic stress in the seabed under wave loading are constant principal stress and continuous rotation of the principal stress direction.Cyclic triaxial-torsional coupling shear tests were performed on saturated silt by the hollow cylinder apparatus under different relative densities,deviator stress ratios and vibration frequencies to study the development of pore water pressure of the saturated silt under wave loading.It was found that the development of pore water pressure follows the trend of "fast～steady～drastic".The turning point from fast to steady stage is not affected by relative density and deviator stress ratio.However,the turning point from steady to drastic stage relies on relative density and deviator stress ratio.The vibration cycle for the liquefaction of saturated silt decreases with increasing deviator stress ratio and increases with relative density.The vibration cycle for the liquefaction of the saturated silt increases with vibration frequency and reaches a peak value,after which it decreases with increasing vibration frequency for the relative density of 70%.But the vibration cycle for the liquefaction of saturated silt increases with vibration frequency for the relative density of 30%.The development of pore water pressure of the saturated silt is influenced by relative density and vibration frequency. 相似文献
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Analysis of wave-induced liquefaction in seabed deposits of silt 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The dynamic stress introduced in half elastic space by wave loading is characterized by the equation between the magnitude of half cyclic axial stress and cyclic torsion shear stress and the principal stress,whose direction rotates continuously and compression stress on seabed can be calculated by the use of small amplitude wave theory.With relationship curves of saturated silt of liquefaction cycles and cyclic stress ratios obtained by cyclic triaxial-torsional coupling shear tests and curve fitting method to different data points of relative density,it is suggested that the cyclic stress ratio corresponding to constant liquefaction impedance be taken as the critical cyclic stress ratio which implies liquefaction.There exists a linear relationship between critical cyclic stress ratio and relative density under different relative densities.Empirical formula for critical cyclic stress ratios of seabed liquefaction induced by wave loading under different relative densities is established.The possibility of seabed silt liquefaction and its influence factors are analyzed based on the small-amplitude wave theory and the data acquired in laboratory tests. 相似文献
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The behaviors of granular material and influencing factors under complex dynamic loading are studied by more and more researchers with particle flow method. Only the strain-controlled loading has been generally used in the current study, although this method was not consistent with the practice of engineering in many situations. In this article, stress-controlled dynamic simulation tests were carried out with particle flow method, which were used to study the collapse characteristics of silt under mutation of principal stress orientation. The tests were performed by PFC2D. The simulation results and the laboratory real tests’ results had a high degree of similarity, particularly in the collapse strain and vibration times. It was very useful to forecast the silt's critical failure state. Based on the verification data, the effects of confining pressure and cyclic shear stress ratio on the collapse characteristics of silt were studied further. With the increase of cyclic shear stress ratio, the deviator strain amplitude increased and the required vibration times gradually reduced to achieve the same strain level. Under the same dynamic shear stress ratio and vibration times, the initial dynamic elastic modulus slightly increased with the increase of initial confining pressure, and the variation range of final collapse deviator strain was small. In the analysis of micro-structural evolution, the redistribution of internal stress of sample was revealed during cyclic loading. With the increase of vibration times, the development of distribution gradually stabilized, and then the high shear stress appeared in some connected regions. On that stage, the particle system developed to instability and failure. The PFC simulation results confirmed that the collapse state was the critical stage to trigger the liquefaction of silt. 相似文献
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Experiments on silt incipient motion under wave action were carried out.Under wave action,for different wave periods,water depths and bulk densities of silt,the shear stress or height of waves for incipient motion was determined,and a relation between the shear stress and bulk density of silt was established.Results indicate that the critical shear stress depends on the structure of the silt itself,related to the tightness between the grains(or bulk density).Exterior condition is only an external cause of silt incipient motion,and the critical shear stress for the incipient motion is the token of exterior condition. 相似文献
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Huayang Lei Jingjin Liu Min Liu Zhipeng Zhang Mingjing Jiang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(2):281-291
The mechanical behavior of clay subjected to cyclic loading is important to consider in the design of the foundations of many types of structures that must resist cyclic loading, such as subgrades and offshore foundations, because clay undergoes greater settlement under cyclic loading than under static loading. The difference in settlement between these two loading patterns due to creep behavior is affected by the cyclic frequency and the cyclic stress ratio. This study investigated the effects of the frequency and cyclic stress ratio of cyclic loading on the creep behavior of a natural clay in China using stress-controlled triaxial tests. The assessed the following parameters: three frequencies, four cyclic stress ratios, and six vertical stresses. The test results indicate that the soft clay displays accelerated creep behavior under dynamic loads. A specific “limit frequency” (in this case, 0.2 Hz) and a “safe load” at which the strain of the soft clay increases very slowly were observed. The effect of the effective axial stress on the creep behavior increases with the increase in the cyclic stress ratio. Based on the tests, the critical cyclic stress ratio is 0.267 at a certain effective axial stress and frequency. 相似文献
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From this research, overconsolidated undrained and drained behaviors of specimens with high sand content were highly dilatant. According to the comparison results of laboratory tests, the deviator stresses of silty sand were greater than sandy silt due to high sand content under increasing OCRs, and both silty sand and sandy silt were presented strain softening tendency after failure under undrained loading. The pore water pressure increased with increasing fines content under increasing OCRs. Silty sand exhibited more dilatancy and increasing shear strength than sandy silt because pore water pressures of silty sand were lower than sandy silt under higher OCRs. In overconsolidated drained tests, silty sand is higher strength than sandy silt because silty sand has a lower volumetric strain and higher deviator stress than sandy silt under increasing OCRs. As the degree of overconsolidation increased, similar behaviors of silty sand and sandy silt observed that volumetric strain decreased to negative values due to dilatancy effect and low-cohesion under current effective confining pressures. 相似文献