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1.
Erosion and flooding are geohazards that pose a significant problem in eastern Québec, as they do throughout the world. To manage such risks, zoning to set limits on new construction projects is generally the first adaptation solution introduced in an area. However, very few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of zoning in terms of risk reduction. Offered here is a retrospective approach to evaluate the evolution of settlement in coastal areas before and during the progressive implementation of zoning laws and regulations in the Percé region of eastern Québec, Canada. It was possible to evaluate the evolution of the built environment and coastal hazards by using 6 series of aerial photographs (1934-2001) and archived processed in a GIS. The results show a significant change in coastal land use. At first land use was consistent with a fishery-based economy, and later with an economy based on the tourism industry. Such a transformation in human activity leads to changes in the typology of the built environment, and consequently to an increase in the value of buildings at risk. Due to widespread ignorance respecting the intensity of hazards and the rhythm of coastal evolution, a lack of understanding and acceptance of land management regulations, an excessive level of confidence respecting anti-erosion protective structures and conscious risk taking by property owners seeking to take advantage of the coast’s attractiveness among others for tourism purposes, the implementation of land use planning and development laws and regulations in the 1980s was not able to limit the number of buildings at risk in the coastal zone. In fact, a 133% increase in buildings at risk was observed between 1980 and 2001. Only one quarter of this increase can be attributed to the coastline’s movement caused by erosion, whereas 74% of the buildings newly at risk were new, built in a zone where building was prohibited. Poorly adapted measures that limited risks over an insufficient period were also observed. Such observations reveal a problem of governance respecting the management and prevention of natural coastal hazards. While it may be useful to redefine measures for the zoning of coastal risks with precision and based on criteria that take into account the dynamics of coastal hazards, zoning on its own is no guarantee of risk reduction. Such zoning measures must be developed and applied along with a strategy for communicating hazards and risk to all actors in the coastal zone. Due to the complexity of the problems involved, reinforcing adaptive capacities of coastal communities with respect to coastal hazards requires a process whose efficiency is ensured by close collaboration among the various actors (scientists, managers, levels of government, the general public). 相似文献
2.
为改善临高县海岸带生态环境、提升海岸带生态价值及保障海岸带生态安全,文章在实地考察、文献查阅和资料梳理的基础上,概述了当前临高县海岸带面临的典型生态环境问题,分析生态环境退化的主要原因,提出了海岸带保护修复的对策建议。研究结果表明：临高海岸带地区砂质海岸、红树林、珊瑚礁和白蝶贝等面临较严重的海岸侵蚀、生态环境退化和生物资源枯竭等问题;砂质海岸侵蚀主要受海平面上升、风暴潮等自然因素影响,红树林生态系统主要受围海养殖、环境污染影响,珊瑚礁、白蝶贝等海洋生态系统则主要受渔业捕捞、水体污染等人为活动影响;基于海岸生态退化现状及原因分析,提出文澜河口、抱吴港等岸段开展沙滩喂养及生态堤建设,新盈湾、黄龙湾、金牌湾等重点区实施红树林修复,珊瑚礁、白蝶贝保育区加强自然封育、严防人工干扰等建议措施。 相似文献
3.
Chen Bin Huang Hao Yu Weiwei Zheng Senlin Wang Jinkeng Jiang Jinlong 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2009,52(12):612-619
Marine biodiversity conservation is a common issue in the world. Due to rapid economic development in coastal area in China, marine biodiversity conservation faces great pressure. In this paper, the idea of the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) was applied as a framework in marine biodiversity conservation. At first, the relationship between integrated coastal zone management and the marine biodiversity conservation was discussed. Then, as a case study in Fujian Quanzhou bay, a set of strategies on marine biodiversity conservation based on ICZM were put forward, which included how to define management boundary of marine biodiversity conservation, the impact assessment model of human activities in the coastal area on marine biodiversity, the planning and management of marine biodiversity conservation, and the monitoring system of the marine biodiversity. Finally, the framework of the comprehensive decision support system based on GIS was suggested. 相似文献
4.
Historically, martial law in Taiwan severely restricted access to and use of coastal areas. Since the martial law was lifted in 1987, the government has permitted more than 80 development projects in coastal areas throughout Taiwan. However, rapid growth and overexploitation have led to significant degradation of oceanic and coastal environments. To protect and sustain marine ecosystem functions, species, and habitats, proactive conservation measures are needed. One of the most effective measures is the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs). In this paper, we introduce the current situation of protected areas in Taiwan. We then discuss the general concepts of MPAs, describe the characteristics of Chinwan in the Penghu archipelago, and conclude with lessons learned from the attempt to establish an MPA at Chinwan. 相似文献
5.
海南岛1605年历史地震的海岸沉积记录 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
海南岛铺前港湾地区1605年发生了华南历史记录的最强烈的地震,地震强度为M7.5,地震造成陆地沉陷成海。根据野外海岸地貌调查和海岸钻孔沉积物岩性特征与粒度、元素比值分析结果,对历史地震的海岸沉积记录进行了初步的研究,4个钻孔位于铺前港湾西岸博度村附近的小型古海湾,昌德、演丰附近的野菠萝岛和道学附近的红树林区潮间带,钻孔沉积记录显示铺前港湾内湾沉陷幅度为2 m,存在明显的差异性,东寨港道学和野菠萝岛附近的钻孔岩心下部为泥状红土,属于成土的风化壳顶部,根据曲口半岛下山村附近的海岸调查,强海洋动力事件形成了高出现代高潮位3.0 m的高位海岸混杂沉积体,可能与1605年地震下沉引发的类似海啸的沉积事件相关。 相似文献
6.
Discussion on Coastal Erosion Near Xizhuang, Penglai, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wu Guiqiu Li Wei Professor First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao Associate Researcher 《中国海洋工程》1994,(2)
-In this work, on the basis of the characteristics of coastal erosion near Xizhuang (Penglai, Shandong, China) and the in-situ measured data and theoretical calculation, the causes of coastal erosion there are obtained: (1) natural erosion, (2) beach sand borrowing, and (3) sand borrowing at the Dengzhou shoal near Xizhuang, which results in the loss of the function of the wave force resistance of the shoal. Since the wave energy is increased, the longshore sediment transport rate is increased. Coastal erosions are more and more serious. A scientific basis to reduced the calamity of coastal erosion in local area is presented. Some experiences are accumulated for studying coastal erosion. 相似文献
7.
Aoshio-hypoxic water which can be distinguished from surrounding coastal water by its milky blue-green color-is often observed at
the head of Tokyo Bay when coastal upwelling of sulfidic bottom water occurs during summer and early autumn. Optical properties
and the biological-chemical composition of suspended matter in theaoshio water were investigated using nearby “normal” coastal water as a reference.
Suspended matter in theaoshio water contributed to the large beam-attenuation coefficient and also to the strong upward radiance with maximal intensity
around 550 nm as a result of the scattering process. No significant difference in bacterial density was observed between samples
ofaoshio water and reference coastal water. The low chlorophylls concentration inaoshio water samples indicates that biological pigments may not play a dominant role in the color of theaoshio events.
The suspended particles inaoshio water samples had much higher contents of sulfur and manganese and a lower silicon content than those in reference coastal
water samples. The colloidal elemental sulfur and manganese-rich particles identified in theaoshio water appear to be oxidation products of dissolved sulfide and manganese (II) in the anoxic water.
On the basis of these findings, it may be concluded that there is a high probability that elemental sulfur and manganese-rich
particles are responsible for the color and turbidity inaoshio. 相似文献
8.
海岸带综合管理作为沿海区域实现可持续发展目标的重要途径,对沿海地区科学有效地利用海岸带资源具有重要意义。本文从国家、省、市三个层面分析了我国当前海岸带综合管理制度现状和实践状况,提出了在海岸带综合管理立法缺失、权属不清、海陆统筹不能兼顾、海岸带规划与评价不足、管理技术亟待升级、海岸带基础数据尚不完备等制度方面存在的问题;基于国内外对海岸带综合管理的经验和实践,从加快海岸带立法、完善海岸带规划、协调综合管理、兼顾陆海统筹、提升管理技术、加强管理效果评价以及夯实基础信息等方面提出海岸带综合管理制度进一步完善的措施和建议,为进一步提升我国海岸带综合管理工作提供参考。 相似文献
9.
10.
迁徙季节水鸟对滨海不同类型湿地的利用——以广西山口红树林自然保护区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解迁徙季节水鸟在不同滨海湿地中的结构组成和行为特征,于2010年3月、4月、9月、11月和2011年3月,在山口自然保护区及其周边地区对不同滨海湿地类型的水鸟展开调查。结果显示:迁徙季节天然湿地共记录到水鸟6目8科39种,人工湿地有6目9科50种。天然湿地比人工湿地的物种数少,整体数量上,春季人工湿地大于天然湿地,秋季则为天然湿地水鸟数量更多。鹬鸻类在不同滨海湿地类型中觅食行为比例差异显著,在天然湿地中觅食比例达到76.67%,而在人工湿地中则以休息和睡眠等非觅食行为为主。天然湿地是鹬鸻类的重要觅食地,而人工湿地则是鹭类和鹬鸻类的主要休息地。鹭类在两种滨海湿地类型中觅食个体的数量不随潮汐的涨落而相应增减。鹬鸻类随潮汐高度上升,在两种滨海湿地类型中觅食的个体数量减少。山口地区的滨海人工湿地是水鸟在高潮期间天然湿地良好的替代栖息地。 相似文献
11.
《Marine Policy》2017
The recreational uses of coastal lagoons (also known locally as salt ponds) contribute significantly to the important tourism economy of the southern part of the US state of Rhode Island. The lagoons are valued highly for the wide range of recreational services they provide, such as fishing, clamming, rowing, boating, or merely relaxing. Outdoors on or near the water, weather conditions may influence individual recreation decisions strongly. A changing climate is expected to affect weather conditions in Rhode Island, thereby potentially influencing when, how, and how much recreation will take place in the coastal areas of the state. Through direct observations of human activities on coastal lagoons, the sensitivity of coastal recreational uses to changes in weather conditions was assessed. If future changes in climate bring warmer temperatures and more intense wind and rain events, our results suggest that there may be a decrease in relaxing, rowing, and fishing on coastal lagoons when days are hotter and a decrease in rowing and fishing when days are windier. Nevertheless, warmer temperatures also may lengthen the summers, leading to an overall increase in the peak coastal recreation season. However, during the hottest periods, there may be a shift toward more motor boating and away from other uses, motor boaters were more resistant than other users to changes when temperatures increase. Understanding how weather and climate influence coastal recreation could help coastal managers and businesses better plan for the future in Rhode Island and other coastal environments worldwide. 相似文献
12.
T. S. Murty 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):451-468
Abstract In very shallow coastal water bodies, ice cover can significantly alter the hydrographic characteristics, that is, the topography and water depths. Not only the coastal geometry is affected, but also the widths of the openings to harbors might change. It was shown that an ice cover alters the character of tides quite significantly in Tuktoyaktuk Harbour located on the southern part of the Beaufort Sea in Arctic Canada. 相似文献
13.
Assessment of recreation activity and its application to integrated management and spatial planning for Cork Harbour, Ireland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cathal O&#x;Mahony Jeremy Gault Val Cummins Kathrin Kpke Darragh O&#x;Suilleabhain 《Marine Policy》2009,33(6):930
The coastal environment is commonly the location for multiple human activities, of which recreation is just one. The coastal and marine sector has experienced nascent growth and this trend is likely to continue into the foreseeable future; the projected growth of the sector will impact coastal and marine resources, whilst also placing demands on those tasked with planning and managing the coastal environment. In Ireland, this presents particular challenges for coastal local authorities, as the principal planning consent body. In order to address these emerging challenges an innovative working partnership was developed between the research community and local authority to examine marine recreation in Cork Harbour, situated on the southern coast of Ireland. A programme of work was devised to identify data gaps in terms of: baseline information; user attitudes and perceptions towards existing management framework and facilities for recreation; interactions between different user groups; and, spatial distribution of recreational activities. The results of the assessment provided an improved understanding of the current coastal recreational situation, have value as input to spatial planning and contribute to the development of an integrated management plan for Cork Harbour. 相似文献
14.
Iran's Integrated Coastal Management plan: Persian Gulf,Oman Sea,and southern Caspian Sea coastlines
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2007,50(9):754-773
Iran, having two separate coastlines at its north and south of about 3000 km length, with very different characteristics, suffers from various coastal problems. While its northern coastal area is over-populated and its sensitive and unique habitats must be protected from destruction, most of its southern coastal areas are undeveloped and deserted. Intense oil and gas exploitation activities in the Caspian Sea region and occurrence of two wars in the Persian Gulf during the last two decades have rendered hydrocarbon pollution a major issue for this country's marine and coastal environment. Biodiversity is under threat in some areas and natural resources are deteriorating. To overcome the problems, Integrated Coastal Management has been considered by Iran's government as a long-term solution. In Iran's ICZM study project, baseline studies along with social, economical, and spatial planning studies in the coastal provinces are carried out in order to achieve the desired outcomes as a number of strategic plans for the coastal areas that are to be implemented by a coastal management entity. Providing the required laws and regulations for establishing such a management body is also under way. In this paper after reviewing Iran's coastal zone characteristics and problems, the long-term goals, strategies, and policies for sustainable management of Iran's coastal areas are outlined. Then, the ICZM study procedure and its prospected outcomes are explained, and importance of some of the findings of Iran's ICM is emphasized. Finally, some challenges including having two separate and different coastlines at the north and south of the country and their effects on the Iran's ICZM plan are discussed. 相似文献
15.
本文探讨西庄附近海域的波浪状况,分析由于人工挖沙影响,使得登州浅滩的防护作用发生变化,导致近岸波浪作用增强,造成海岸侵蚀.最后讨论设计波要素的确定,为防浪护坡工程提供必要的设计依据. 相似文献
16.
A satellite port has been proposed about 14.8 km north of Madras port on the east coast of India. As the interference of a satellite port with the existing pattern of longshore sediment transport will generate coastal imbalance in the region, a numerical model study involving sediment transport and combined wave refraction-diffraction was conducted to predict the shoreline behaviour. A realistic approach to the study was made to meet the objectives by considering wave height-wave period distributions in the region and duration and sequence of their occurrence during major monsoon seasons. This method of analysis enabled us to predict: (i) the extent of general shoreline advancement, particularly in front of a tidal inlet—a source of the cooling water requirement for an existing thermal power plant; (ii) the extent of the coastal region that will be affected owing to recession of shoreline and its impact on: (a) the fishing community living along the coastal stretch; (b) the national highway running along the coast; and (c) the changes in nearshore bathymetry. Based on the studies, management plans were drawn to safeguard the coastal region from imbalances that will arise out of construction of the satellite port. This paper highlights the effects of a satellite port on the coastal region and the need for proper management. 相似文献
17.
18.
Nancy ArandaCirerol Jorge A. Herrera-Silveira Francisco A. Comín 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,68(3-4):445
This work is the beginning of a coastal water quality monitoring program to establish the baseline for the implementation of an integrated coastal management of the Yucatán Peninsula tropical ecosystem. Coastal water quality is affected by the increasing economic development. This area has no rivers because of its karst geomorphology, and the coastal freshwater comes from springs or seeps. Coastal water quality was studied in four towns from January to December 2000. Statistically significant differences among water quality variables and processes are discussed. Along with groundwater discharge, domestic and shrimp farming sewage are the main sources of nutrients, predominantly of nitrogen and silica. Salinity dilution is used to estimate the groundwater fraction that influences each area in northwestern Yucatán. 相似文献
19.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2003,46(6-7):681-700
The southern Mexican states on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico produce approximately 85% of the total national oil production. The region has also attracted attention due its important economic influence in terms of fisheries, aquaculture and agriculture, and for its ecosystem diversity. The justification for more integrated approaches to aquaculture development is significant, as coastal aquaculture has brought economic and employment benefits to both national economies and coastal people. The aim of this study is the analysis of Mecoacan fishing communities’ perception on coastal resources management and to assess group awareness of the potential benefits and impacts of coastal aquaculture. Although aquaculture practices have been implemented as an alternative to fishing and to improve current levels of fisheries production, the results showed that conditions within Mecoacan fisheries have deteriorated significantly, as collective aggregation is not producing a positive outcome for the local communities. However, fishermen regarded the restructuring of fishing organisations as a means of integrating employment and income generation alternatives such as aquaculture practices. Therefore, a key to success will be to demonstrate the ability of good coastal management to promote capacity building within coastal communities in the context of a participatory intervention strategy through formal and informal organisations. 相似文献
20.
滨海湿地是介于陆地生态系统和水生生态系统之间的特殊生态系统,是珍贵的湿地资源,具有重要的生态系统功能。掌握滨海湿地的分布状况对于我国滨海湿地自然资源的保护和管理意义重大。文章基于2018—2019年“哨兵2号”卫星10 m分辨率多光谱影像,完成广东、广西和海南滨海湿地的遥感制图;对岩石海岸、砂石海滩、淤泥质海滩、潮间盐水沼泽、红树林、河口水域、河口三角洲/沙洲/沙岛、海岸性咸水湖、海岸性淡水湖、浅海水域共10个亚类建立解译标志,通过目视解译,对滨海湿地进行分类和统计。研究结果显示：广东、广西和海南滨海湿地面积共计1 377 140 hm2,各地滨海湿地面积与岸线长度基本呈正相关,海岸线越长,滨海湿地面积越大,各地典型滨海湿地的类型也不相同。 相似文献