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1.
Sr isotope and Ca/Mg/Sr chemical compositions of freshwater ostracode tests separated from a sediment core represent the last 16 ka of sedimentation in Lake Constance, Central Europe. The chemical evolution of the paleowater's dissolved load of Lake Constance was estimated by correcting the ostracode data for Ca/Mg/Sr fractionation due to biogenic calcification. Since the Late Pleistocene deglaciation, the Ca/Sr molar ratios of paleowaters increased systematically from about 100 (a near marine signature) to about 200. Ca/Mg molar ratios varied in the range of 1–25. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios indicate Late Pleistocene paleowater compositions of 0.7086–0.7091, significantly more radiogenic than present day waters (0.7085). Sr isotopes and Ca/Mg/Sr chemical data together show that weathering of Mesozoic evaporites consistently dominated the dissolved Sr load (80–90%). Carbonate and silicate weathering were less important (1–10%). Trends of Sr dissolved loads were therefore not related to Mg which was mainly mobilized by carbonate weathering. Biotite weathering was an important source of radiogenic Sr in the paleowaters. The short-term release (duration about 600–800 years) of radiogenic Sr during glacier retreat started 15.2 ka ago and was due to enhanced biotite weathering at the glacier base. Long-term release of radiogenic Sr was due to biotite weathering in glacial soils and silicate rocks, and has gradually declined since the Late Pleistocene/Holocene transition.  相似文献   

2.
The metamorphism and geochemistry of the major components of a small area of granulite facies rock are described and discussed, and a chemical model for the evolution of anomalous trace element distributions in such materials is suggested. The local complex was subjected to medium to high pressure granulite facies metamorphism between 2,900 and 2,600 m.y. All the analysed granulite facies rocks from Tiree; acid to intermediate gneisses, basic metamorphic rocks, and granitic rocks, have anomalous chemistries, being depleted in K, Rb, Nb, Y and Th, and have high K/Rb, Ba/Rb and Ca/Y ratios, and very low K/Ba and Rb/Sr ratios relative to normal portions of the upper continental crust. The gneisses seem to have been enriched in Ba and Sr.The chemical features of the rocks are considered to reflect their stable mineral assemblages in the granulite facies, and to be representative of deep-level crustal materials. The geochemical peculiarities of the complex may have been largely controlled by an upward intergranular diffusion, or “degassing” caused by high-grade metamorphism. It is suggested that such diffusion may have been active at the crust/upper mantle interface, some diffused material of mantle origin accounting for certain chemical oddities typical of Lewisian and some other Precambrian granulite facies rocks.  相似文献   

3.
The Upper Permian strata of the Qujiang-Renhua area, Guangdong Province, is a coal-bearing sequence. Sedimentary facies analyses and correlation of element-content variation in sedimentary rocks reveal the following regularities: (1) The evolution of continental facies → transition facies → marine facies is reflected by a tendency for K, Ga and Ti to decrease and for Mg, Ca and Sr to increase. (2) K, Ga and Ti show a tendency to decrease, but Ca, Mg, V and Sr tend to increase in the order of lacustrine facies → littoral facies → gulf and lagoonal facies. (3) Lacustrine facies → lagoonal facies → gulf facies is paralleled by a decrease in K, Cu, Pb, V and Ba, as well as by an increase in Ca, Mg and Mn in siderite nodules. Discussions are also made in the present paper of the differences between drill core samples and surface samples, between pyrite, siderite and calc-siliceous nodules, and between light and heavy minerals separated from sandstone in respect to their components.  相似文献   

4.
Literature on metasedimentary rocks indicates that former evaporites have been assumed where brines are present as fluid inclusions or minerals such as scapolite, tourmaline and lazurite, which are considered as evidence of equilibria with brines. Very few works take into account the chemical composition of rocks, because chemical data on evaporite-bearing sedimentary series are scarce.This paper is a contribution to a geochemical approach: 172 analyses of major and trace elements are given on argillites, dolomitic marls and mixed sulphate rocks from some large evaporitic series, mainly from the Triassic of France, the Devonian of the Canning Basin and the Proterozoc of the Amadeus Basin in Australia. Compared with rocks from common platform series, these samples clearly exhibit specific chemical features: high Mg contents, high Mg/Ca ratios except for Ca-sulphate-rich rocks and relatively low iron contents caused by the widespread occurrence of Mg-rich clay minerals. Though sulphate-bearing rocks often show low Mg/Ca ratios, their chemical composition clearly indicates Mg-rich clay fractions. K content is high while Na is low, except in a few halite-bearing rocks. Argillites are characterized by high Li and F contents, and high Li/Mg and B/A1 ratios, while major amounts of Sr are recorded in sulphatebearing rocks.Application to metamorphic series is discussed with some illustrative examples. Though chemical changes during metamorphism are probably frequent in series of evaporitic origin, some relations between Al, Fe, Mg, Ca are often maintained. Under nearly isochemical conditions, the resulting metasediments exhibit abundant phlogopite through a large part of the metamorphic column, owing to high Mg, K and F contents. Such rocks are, for instance, well developed in the Zambian Copperbelt, Central Africa. Although further investigations are needed both on nonmetamorphic and metamorphic evaporite sequences, the efficiency of this approach for identifying an evaporitic origin is well established.  相似文献   

5.
New isotopic-geochemical data are reported on the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene ultrapotassic volcanic rocks of the alkaline–ultrabasic complex of the Valagin Ridge, Eastern Kamchatka. The high Mg, low Ca and Al contents at high K/Na ratios in these rocks make them similar to the Mediterranean-type lamproites and ultrapotassic rocks. The low contents of high-field strength (HFSE) and heavy rare-earth (HREE) elements relative to the MORB composition, and the low Sr and high Nd isotopic ratios indicate the formation of their primary melts from a depleted mantle source. The enrichment of the ultrapotassic rocks in the large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) can be explained by the fluid influx in melts during melting of subsided oceanic crust.  相似文献   

6.
《Applied Geochemistry》2002,17(3):163-183
The combined chemical composition, B and Sr isotopes, and the basic geologic setting of geothermal systems from the Menderes Massif in western Turkey have been investigated to evaluate the origin of the dissolved constituents and mechanisms of water–rock interaction. Four types of thermal water are present: (1) a Na–Cl of marine origin; (2) a Na–HCO3 type with high CO2 content that is associated with metamorphic rocks of the Menderes Massif; (3) a Na–SO4 type that is also associated with metamorphic rocks of the Menderes Massif with H2S addition; and (4) a Ca–Mg–HCO3–SO4 type that results from interactions with carbonate rocks at shallow depths. The Na–Cl waters are further subdivided based on Br/Cl ratios. Water from the Cumalı Seferihisar and Bodrum Karaada systems are deep circulated seawater (Br/Cl=sea water) whereas water from Çanakkale–Tuzla (Br/Cl<sea water) are from dissolution of Messinian evaporites. Good correlations between different dissolved salts and temperature indicate that the chemical composition of the thermal waters from non-marine geothermal systems is controlled by: (1) temperature dependent water–rock interactions; (2) intensification of reactions due to high dissolved CO2 and possibly HCl gasses; and (3) mixing with overlying cold groundwater. All of the thermal water is enriched in B. The B isotopic composition (δ11B=2.3‰ to 18.7‰; n=6) can indicate either leaching of B from the rocks, or B(OH)3 degassing flux from deep sources. The large ranges in B concentrations in different rock types as well as in thermal waters from different systems suggest the water-rock mechanism. 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the thermal water are used to differentiate between solutes that have interacted with metamorphic rocks (87Sr/86Sr ratio as high as 0.719479) and carbonate rocks (low 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.707864).  相似文献   

7.
Wudalianchi volcanic rocks are the most typical Cenozoic potassic volcanic rocks in easten China.Compositional comparisons between whole rocks and glasses of various occurrences indicate that the magma tends to become rich in silica and alkalis as a result of crystal differentiation in the course of evolu-tion.They are unique in isotopic composition with more radiogenic Sr but less radiogenic Pb.^87Sr/^86Sr is higher and ^143Nd/^144Nd is lower than the undifferentiated global values.In comparison to continental pot-ash volcanic rocks,Pb isotopes are apparently lower.These various threads of evidence indicate that the rocks were derived from a primary enriched mantle which had not been subjected to reworking and shows no sign of incorporation of crustal material.The correlation between Pb and Sr suggests the regional heterogeneity in the upper mantle in terms of chemical composition.  相似文献   

8.
沉积物的元素地球化学特征是对沉积盆地水体环境以及古气候条件变化的响应。本文根据元素（Al、Fe、Mg、Ca、K、Na、P、V、Ni、Co、Cr、Cu、Zn、Sr、Ba、Cd、Li、Mn、Pb、Ti）的含量及其比值（Al/Ti、Fe/Mn、Sr/Ba、Mg/Ca、Sr/Ca、Na/Ca、V/Cr、Ni/Co、Ni/V）的变化，对三水盆地古近系心组红岗段生油层的沉积条件进行了系统分析。心组红岗段下部（亚段A）表现为较稳定的地球化学特征。各元素丰度及其比值指示这一时期陆源输入持续较高、且物源组成变化不大。由于海水入侵的影响，湖盆水体盐度相对较高，底部水体以弱氧化条件为主，O2-H2S界面位于水/沉积物界面附近。红岗段中上部（亚段B、C）的元素地球化学特征变化较为频繁且幅度很大，反映古气候和湖盆沉积条件的迅速变迁。在潮湿气候条件下，沉积物的地球化学特征表现为以Al、Ti为代表的外源元素含量及其比值较高，而Mg、Ca等盆内化学沉积元素含量较低。古氧气指标指示底部水体为还原环境，有利于有机质保存。因而，相应于较高的有机碳含量。在间歇性干旱时期，陆源输入减少，外源元素含量及其比值显著降低。随着蒸发作用的加强，水体盐度加大，内源元素丰度以及Mg/Ca、Sr/Ba、Sr/Ca和Na/Ca比值大幅度上升。底部水体为氧化环境，O2-H2S界面多位于水/沉积物界面或沉积物中。上述两种气候条件在红岗段中上部沉积时期交替出现。红岗段沉积后期由于淡水的长期输入，湖水出现逐渐淡化趋势。  相似文献   

9.
The combination of the Sr, Nd and Pb isotope systems, recognized as tracers of sources, with the Ca isotope system, known to reveal biology-related fractionations, allowed us to test the reliability of spruce (Picea abies) growth rings as environmental archives through time (from 1916 to 1983) in a forest ecosystem affected by acid atmospheric deposition. Sr and Pb isotopes have already been applied in former tree-ring studies, whereas the suitability of Nd and Ca isotope systems is checked in the present article. Our Sr and Nd isotope data indicate an evolution in the cation origin with a geogenic origin for the oldest rings and an atmospheric origin for the youngest rings. Ca isotopes show, for their part, an isotopic homogeneity which could be linked to the very low weathering flux of Ca. Since this flux is weak the spruces’ root systems have pumped the Ca mainly from the organic matter-rich top-soil over the past century. In contrast, the annual growth rings studied are not reliable and suitable archives of past Pb pollution.  相似文献   

10.
钾、钙同位素体系定年和示踪的研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
阐述了 K- Ca同位素体系的分离和测定方法 ,以及对海洋火成岩、大陆和月球花岗岩、碳酸盐岩、化学和碎屑沉积矿物的定年和 εCa示踪的研究结果。对比常用的微量元素构成的定年和示踪体系 ,如 Rb- Sr、Sm- Nd、U- Pb,由主量元素 K和 Ca组成的同位素体系 ,有其特殊的地球化学行为 ,以至在岩石成因、物质来源、板块碰撞、壳幔作用、岩体折返等重要的化学地球动力学过程研究中 ,赋以新的信息和启示。随着测试技术的不断提高 ,K- Ca同位素体系可在探索相关的地质和环境科学的课题中 ,发挥积极的推动作用。  相似文献   

11.
Calcite is frequently cited as a source of excess Ca, Sr and alkalinity in solutes discharging from silicate terrains yet, no previous effort has been made to assess systematically the overall abundance, composition and petrogenesis of accessory calcite in granitoid rocks. This study addresses this issue by analyzing a worldwide distribution of more than 100 granitoid rocks. Calcite is found to be universally present in a concentration range between 0.028 to 18.8 g kg−1 (mean = 2.52 g kg−1). Calcite occurrences include small to large isolated anhedral grains, fracture and cavity infillings, and sericitized cores of plagioclase. No correlation exists between the amount of calcite present and major rock oxide compositions, including CaO. Ion microprobe analyses of in situ calcite grains indicate relatively low Sr (120 to 660 ppm), negligible Rb and 87Sr/86Sr ratios equal to or higher than those of coexisting plagioclase. Solutes, including Ca and alkalinity produced by batch leaching of the granitoid rocks (5% CO2 in DI water for 75 d at 25°C), are dominated by the dissolution of calcite relative to silicate minerals. The correlation of these parameters with higher calcite concentrations decreases as leachates approach thermodynamic saturation. In longer term column experiments (1.5 yr), reactive calcite becomes exhausted, solute Ca and Sr become controlled by feldspar dissolution and 87Sr/86Sr by biotite oxidation. Some accessory calcite in granitoid rocks is related to intrusion into carbonate wall rock or produced by later hydrothermal alteration. However, the ubiquitous occurrence of calcite also suggests formation during late stage (subsolidus) magmatic processes. This conclusion is supported by petrographic observations and 87Sr/86Sr analyses. A review of thermodynamic data indicates that at moderate pressures and reasonable CO2 fugacities, calcite is a stable phase at temperatures of 400 to 700°C.  相似文献   

12.
The fluorite-bearing hydrothermal mineralization in Sardinia mainly occurs within Paleozoic volcanic and metasedimentary rocks. Only 3 occurrences are located in volcanic and siliciclastic Cenozoic rocks. Most Sardinian fluorites exhibit relatively high rare earth and Y (REY) contents, strong positive Y anomalies, slightly negative Ce and generally positive Eu anomalies. These features indicate that the REY were mobilized mainly from non-carbonate rocks. Neither Sr nor Nd isotopes can be used to date radiometrically the Sardinian fluorites. However, the measured Sr-isotope ratios of the fluorites hosted by Paleozoic rocks fit mixing lines in the 1000/Sr versus 87Sr/86Sr plot once recalculated at 280 Ma, suggesting that the age inferred for the correction probably represents that of the formation of the fluorite mineralization. Mixing likely occurred between diluted surficial waters and brines circulating mainly through the Lower Paleozoic metasedimentary basement. The Cenozoic fluorites exhibit chemical and isotopic features similar to those of the Paleozoic fluorites, except the Nuraghe Onigu fluorite displaying a possible contribution of Sr from Cenozoic magmatic rocks. The initial εNd values of the Paleozoic fluorites fit the age proposed for the formation of the deposits. Moreover, the values suggest that radiogenic Nd was provided to the fluids from the Ordovician siliciclastic basement, except for 3 deposits where the potential source rocks of Nd were mainly Ordovician acidic magmatic rocks. The initial εNd values of the Cenozoic fluorites suggest a provenance of Nd essentially from the leaching of Variscan granitoids.  相似文献   

13.
发源于唐古拉山山脉的河流在青藏高原地区具有流域面积大、径流距离长以及流量大等特点,与喜马拉雅山地区河流共同组成全球河源区最高的水流系统。它们的物理与化学侵蚀在很大程度上代表了在全球气候变化的条件下,大陆的侵蚀作用所发生的变化,即大陆与海洋的物质运移和平衡。发源于唐古拉山北坡的长江源头主要支流楚玛尔河与沱沱河的物理化学特点是溶解的化学成分含量较高,一般为10.66～410.81mmol/L,主要阳离子为Na+、Ca2+和Mg2+,占阳离子总量的97%以上。Ca2+/Na+、Mg2+/Na+、K+/Na+的比值较低,87Sr/86Sr值为(0.708954±0.000020)～(0.711860±0.000011),表明唐古拉山北坡的河水成分以蒸发岩类溶解为主。发源于唐古拉山南坡的怒江源头以及雅鲁藏布江及其支流等的主要阳离子为Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+,占阳离子总量的97%以上。Ca2+/Na+、Mg2+/Na+、K+/Na+的比值较高,87Sr/86Sr值为(0.705534±0.000016)～(0.722856±0.000014),表现为以碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩的溶解为主。长江河源区河水中主要化学成分来自蒸发岩,其中Na+和Cl-在河流水化学成分中占比例最大,经计算,唐古拉山北坡长江源头地区的物理侵蚀率为77kg/(km.2a),蒸发岩的化学侵蚀率为49～72.7t/(km.2a),碳酸盐岩的化学侵蚀率为15～20t/(km.2a),硅酸盐岩的化学侵蚀率为2～5t/(km.2a);南坡物理侵蚀率为34kg/(km.2a),碳酸盐岩的化学侵蚀率为25～30t/(km.2a),硅酸盐岩的化学侵蚀率为7～10t/(km.2a)。这些特征反映出北坡高寒干旱环境下河流蒸发岩的化学侵蚀作用较强,南坡碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩的化学侵蚀作用大于北坡。  相似文献   

14.
Strongly-deformed marbles may be easily confused with linear and elongated carbonatite intrusions. Both rocks may present similar texture and foliation to the host rock, or even cross cutting field relationships, which could be interpreted either as igneous or high-grade metamorphosed marble. Diagnostic criteria are even more complex when there is evidence of melting of the metasedimentary carbonate rock, such as has been described in the Himalayas and in the Eastern Ghats, India.In the Alto Moxotó Terrane, a high-grade gneissic domain of the Borborema Province, Northeastern Brazil, there are metacarbonates associated with banded gneisses and different metaplutonic rocks. Field evidence indicates the absence of other metasedimentary rocks associated with these marbles, thus suggesting that these carbonates were separated from other siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks. The presence of marble also suggests that it may represent the initial stage of a crustal carbon recycling into the mantle. These marbles present many field similarities to carbonatites (e.g., fluid-flow structure) and, together with metagranites and metamafic intrusions, may represent a major collisional tectonic suture.A detailed study of the carbon, oxygen and strontium isotopic composition of these marbles is presented. This study aims to identify the origin of the different isotopic components. It is argued that these rocks were subjected to temperature and pressure conditions that were sufficiently high to have melted them. The isotopic data presented here support this interpretation and indicate the mixing of two components: (i) one characterized by radiogenic Sr isotopes and mantle-like carbon isotopes, which is associated with the gneissic and mafic rocks, and (ii) another characterized by low 87Sr/86Sr ratios and highly positive δ13C values. Available geochemical data for the upper Paleoproterozoic indicate that the 87Sr/86Sr ratio of ocean water, varying between 0.7050 (2.25 ± 0.25 Ga) and 0.7047 (1.91 Ga), falls within the lower range of the samples from Itatuba and thus reinforces the interpretation that these marbles are sedimentary-derived and were partially contaminated by interaction with the host gneissic and mafic rocks.  相似文献   

15.
The early Cretaceous (Albian–Aptian) Sung Valley ultramafic–alkaline–carbonatite complex is one of several alkaline intrusions that occur in the Shillong Plateau, India. This complex comprises calcite carbonatite and closely associated ultramafic (serpentinized peridotite, pyroxenite and melilitolite) and alkaline rocks (ijolite and nepheline syenite). Field relationship and geochemical characteristics of these rocks do not support a genetic link between carbonatite and associated silicate rocks. There is geochemical evidence that pyroxenite, melilitolite and ijolite of the complex are genetically related. Stable (C and O) and radiogenic (Nd and Sr) isotope data clearly indicate a mantle origin for the carbonatite samples. The carbonatite Nd (+0.7 to +1.8) and Sr (+4.7 to +7.0) compositions overlap the field for Kerguelen ocean island basalts. One sample of ijolite has Nd and Sr isotopic compositions that also plot within the field for Kerguelen ocean island basalts, whereas the other silicate–carbonatite samples indicate involvement with an enriched component. These geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the rocks of the Sung Valley complex were derived from and interacted with an isotopically heterogeneous subcontinental mantle and is consistent with interaction of a mantle plume (e.g. Kerguelen plume) with lithosphere. A U–Pb perovskite age of 115.1±5.1 Ma obtained for a sample of Sung Valley ijolite also supports a temporal link to the Kerguelen plume. The observed geochemical characteristics of the carbonatite rocks indicate derivation by low-degree partial melting (0.1%) of carbonated mantle peridotite. This melt, containing a substantial amount of alkali elements, interacted with peridotite to form metasomatic clinopyroxene and olivine. This process could progressively metasomatize lherzolite to form alkaline wehrlite.  相似文献   

16.
潜江凹陷古近系潜江组盐间泥岩地球化学特征及地质意义   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
咸化湖盆盐间泥岩的地球化学特征对咸化烃源岩的形成环境及其共生盐岩的形成条件具有重要指示意义。利用江汉盆地潜江凹陷内潜三下段盐间泥岩的详细地球化学测试结果,并结合岩芯观察,分析了古近系潜江组沉积时湖盆的古盐度、氧化还原环境及古气候背景。该地层较高的Sr丰度、Sr/Ba值及钙芒硝的存在揭示潜江组泥岩沉积时水体盐度较高;氧化还原环境指标及一些敏感元素的含量变化指示潜江组沉积时期水体含氧量较低,处于底层水体中等分层厌氧环境;主量元素化学蚀变指数CIA、Mg/Ca比值及对膏盐层岩芯观察反映潜三下段泥岩沉积于气候相对潮湿期段,而膏盐层则沉积于气候相对干旱期。这种泥岩与膏岩互层出现的变化可能是由我国晚始新世频繁的气候变化导致的。而且,由气候干湿波动造成的淡化-咸化成盐序列,伴随着生物短期的爆发与死亡,将有利于有机质的生成与堆积;潮湿、缺氧的沉积环境有利于有机质的保存,整体上盐间泥岩具备形成较好烃源岩的条件。  相似文献   

17.
Christer Löfgren 《Lithos》1979,12(2):159-165
Comparison of 172 analyses of Recent to Mesozoic volcanic rocks from New Zealand and 122 analyses of Svecofennian volcanic rocks (leptites) from the Swedish Precambrian (1,700–2,200 my), reveal strong similarities between these rock types. This suggests that the leptites form an island are suite of calc-alkaline rocks, ranging from basalt to rhyolite in composition and that they represent a well-defined rock type containing little or no sedimentary material. Probably they originated at a Precambrian subduction zone.  相似文献   

18.
Tengchong Cenozoic volcanics that have record key information on the tectonic evolution and mantle features of the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau are of great importance because of its unique eruption history spanning the entire Quaternary period. Magma origin and evolution of Tengchong Cenozoic volcanic rocks were studied on the basis of Nd-Sr-Pb isotope and major and trace element data from different eruptions in the Ma’anshan area. Different samples within one eruption show relative identical lithologies, chemical and isotopic compositions. However, the geochemical features for the five eruptions are distinct from each other. These volcanic rocks show low Mg# values (<45), moderate to high fractionation of LREEs and HREEs, and enrichment of Pb and Ba and depletion of Nb. Tengchong Cenozoic volcanic rocks were derived from an enriched mantle based on Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic studies. And lines of evidence show that crustal contamination should be involved before the eruption of different periods of Tengchong Cenozoic volcanic rocks. Older subducted components may be responsible for adakite recycling at various stages of evolution, which results in the origin of the enriched mantle source magma accounting for the isotopic features of Tengchong Cenozoic volcanic rocks. Segregated primitive magma pulsating injected into magma chamber, fractional crystallized and contaminated with crust component. Finally, magmas with distinct chemical and isotopic compositions for each eruption formed. The extension of the northeast segment of the Yingjiang tectonic belt triggered the pulsating eruption of the Cenozoic volcanics in the Tengchong area.  相似文献   

19.
Granular xenoliths (ejecta) from pyroclastic deposits emplaced during the latest stages of activity of the Alban Hills volcano range from ultramafic to salic. Ultramafic types consist of various proportions of olivine, spinel, clinopyroxene and phlogopite. They show low SiO2, alkalies and incompatible element abundances and very high MgO. However, Cr, Co and Sc are anomalously low, at a few ppm level. Olivine is highly magnesian (up to Fo%=96) and has rather high CaO (1% Ca) and very low Ni (around a few tens ppm) contents. These characteristics indicate a genesis of ultramafic ejecta by thermal metamorphism of a siliceous dolomitic limestone, probably with input of chemical components from potassic magma. The other xenoliths have textures and compositional characteristics which indicate that they represent either intrusive equivalents of lavas or cumulates crystallized from variably evolved ultrapotassic magmas. One sample of the former group has major element composition resembling ultrapotassic rocks with kamafugitic affinity. Some cumulitic rocks have exceedingly high abundances of Th (81–84 ppm) and light rare-earth elements (LREE) (La+Ce=421–498 ppm) and extreme REE fractionation (La/Yb=288–1393), not justified by their modal mineralogy which is dominated by sanidine, leucite and nepheline. Finegrained phases are dispersed through the fractures and within the interstices of the main minerals. Semiquantitative EDS analyses show that Th and LREE occur at concentration levels of several tens of percent in these phases, indicating that their presence is responsible for the high concentration of incompatible trace elements in the whole rocks. The interstitial position of these phases and their association with fluorite support a secondary origin by deposition from fluorine-rich fluids separated from a highly evolved potassic liquid. The Nd isotopic ratios of the cjecta range from 0.51182 to 0.51217. 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.70900 to 0.71036. With the exception of one sample, these values are lower than those of the outcropping lavas, which cluster around 0.7105±3. This indicates either the occurrence of several isotopically distinct potassic magmas or a variable interaction between magmas and wall rocks. However, this latter hypothesis requires selective assimilation of host rocks in order to explain isotopic and geochemical characteristics of lavas and xenoliths. The new data indicate that the evolutionary processes in the potassic magmas of the Alban Hills were much more complex than envisaged by previous studies. Interaction of magmas with wall rocks may be an important process during magmatic evolution. Element migration by gaseous transfer, often invoked but rarely constrained by sound data, is shown to have occurred during the latest stages of magmatic evolution. Such a process was able to produce selective enrichment of Th, U, LREE and, to a minor degree, Ta and Hf in the wall rocks of potassic magma chamber. Finally, the occurrence of xenoliths with kamafugitic composition points to the existence of this type of ultrapotassic magma at the Alban Hills.  相似文献   

20.
The stable isotope composition of strontium (expressed as δ88/86Sr) may provide important constraints on the global exogenic strontium cycle. Here, we present δ88/86Sr values and 87Sr/86Sr ratios for granitoid rocks, a 150 yr soil chronosequence formed from these rocks, surface waters and plants in a small glaciated watershed in the central Swiss Alps. Incipient chemical weathering in this young system, whether of inorganic or biological origin, has no resolvable effect on the 87Sr/86Sr ratios and δ88/86Sr values of bulk soils, which remain indistinguishable from bedrock in terms of Sr isotopic composition. Although due in part to the chemical heterogeneity of the forefield, the lack of a resolvable difference between soil and bedrock isotopic composition indicates that these soils have thus far witnessed minimal net loss of Sr; a low degree of chemical weathering is also implied by bulk soil chemistry. The isotopic composition of Sr in streamwater is more radiogenic than median soil, reflecting the preferential weathering of biotite in the catchment; streamwater δ88/86Sr values, however, are indistinguishable from bulk soil δ88/86Sr values, implying that no resolvable fractionation of Sr isotopes takes place during release to the weathering flux in the Damma forefield. Analyses of plant tissue reveal that plants (Rhododendron and Vaccinium) preferentially assimilate the lighter isotopes of Sr such that their δ88/86Sr values are significantly lower than those of the soils in which they grow. Additionally, δ88/86Sr values of foliar and floral tissues are lower than those of roots, contrary to observations for Ca, for which Sr is often used as an analogue in weathering studies. We suggest that processes that discriminate against Sr in favour of Ca, due to the different nutritional requirement of plants for these two elements, are responsible for the observed contrast.  相似文献   

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