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《四川地质学报》2022,(Z1)
通过对耿马县内威胁人民生命财产的隐患点和灾害点进行野外实地调查,获取第一手资料,对耿马县内地质灾害的分布规律进行了研究。耿马县内发育各类地质灾害144处(条),灾害类型齐全。其中滑坡118处,崩塌18处,泥石流沟2处、地裂缝和地面塌陷各3处,以滑坡为主,其次为崩塌。零星发育泥石流、地裂缝和地面塌陷。区内地质灾害在空间上具有点状产出、线状延伸、局部集中发育的特点;总体上不同地质灾害发育明显受地形地貌影响。夏季强降雨是区内地质灾害的主要诱因;地层岩性控制地质灾害类型;耿马盆地内的滑坡直接受新近系灰、浅灰色粘土岩、砂质粘土岩的膨胀性控制,降雨和人类经济工程活动是滑坡发生的直接诱因。 相似文献
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《四川地质学报》2016,(Z1)
通过对耿马县内威胁人民生命财产的隐患点和灾害点进行野外实地调查,获取第一手资料,对耿马县内地质灾害的分布规律进行了研究。耿马县内发育各类地质灾害144处(条),灾害类型齐全。其中滑坡118处,崩塌18处,泥石流沟2处、地裂缝和地面塌陷各3处,以滑坡为主,其次为崩塌。零星发育泥石流、地裂缝和地面塌陷。区内地质灾害在空间上具有点状产出、线状延伸、局部集中发育的特点;总体上不同地质灾害发育明显受地形地貌影响。夏季强降雨是区内地质灾害的主要诱因;地层岩性控制地质灾害类型;耿马盆地内的滑坡直接受新近系灰、浅灰色粘土岩、砂质粘土岩的膨胀性控制,降雨和人类经济工程活动是滑坡发生的直接诱因。 相似文献
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对泰青威天然气管道临朐段地质灾害发育特征进行调查研究发现,临朐段地质灾害类型主要为水毁灾害,具体可分为坡面水毁、河沟道水毁和台田地水毁。野外地质灾害实地调查临朐段管道沿线共发现地质灾害15处,其中坡面水毁点6处,河沟道水毁点4处,台田地水毁点5处。采用定性与半定量相结合的评价方法对其进行地质灾害风险评价,结果表明: 地质灾害风险等级较高的有1处,占6.66%; 风险等级中等的有4处,占26.67%; 风险等级较低的有10处,占66.67%。根据管道沿线地形地貌、地质灾害发育密度、风险等级等因素,划分地质灾害中易发区61 km,低易发区10 km,管道沿线以地质灾害中易发区为主。最后,针对不同类型、不同风险等级地质灾害提出了相应的防治消减措施,为后期管道安全运营和风险整治决策提供了有效的技术依据。 相似文献
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牛背至天水高速公路工程通过地区地质构造复杂,环境地质安全存在诸多地质灾害危险.根据已有资料及野外调查,区内地质灾害类型主要为滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、黄土湿陷等,其中滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等3种地质灾害共发育61处,规模不一.综合判定评估区地质环境条件复杂程度为复杂.整个评估区29处滑坡中,10处危险性大,9处危险性中等,10处危险性小;25处崩塌及潜在崩塌中,3处危险性大,12处危险性中等,10处危险性小;7条泥石流沟中,3条危险性大,2条危险性中等,2条危险性小.根据区内地质灾害的特征、对工程建设的影响和危险性,将评估区分为危险性大、中、小三个区:危险性大区为燕子关2号隧道出口-赵家窑段、宏罗村-街子间东柯河右岸段、尹家店-高家庄段;危险性中区赵家窑-宏罗村段、宏罗村-街子间东柯河左岸段、街子-尹家店段;危险性小区为燕子关2号隧道出口以东地段.地质灾害根据其类型的不同采用不同的防治措施,在施工过程中应注意对地质环境的保护.并结合宝天线地质灾害的实际情况,编制宝天公路路域地质灾害防治预案. 相似文献
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方浩 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2012,23(3):46-50
川气东送管道工程是国家跨区域重大天然气管网工程,路线全长1559km。管道沿线地质环境条件复杂,地质灾害异常发育。笔者在对沿线地质灾害调查的基础上,开展了地质灾害危险性评估,并提出了具体的对策建议,主要取得了以下认识：1）川气东送管道沿线地貌类型众多、活动构造复杂、岩土体工程地质条件及水文地质条件差异较大,人类工程活动强烈,地质灾害异常发育。2）研究区突发性地质灾害与缓变性地质灾害并存,共发育隐患点260处,其中崩塌88处、潜在不稳定斜坡74处、滑坡52处、地面沉降36处、泥石流10处。3）地质灾害危险性大的地质灾害点共16处,危险性中等的9处,其余为危险性较小的地质灾害隐患点。4）提出了各类地质灾害点的防治对策建议,为管道工程沿线地质环境安全提供了基础地质依据。 相似文献
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中国东南地区隐性滑坡遥感识别研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
我国东南地区植被发育,地质灾害发育规模小,以浅层的残坡积层滑坡为主,采用传统遥感解译方法识别此类地质灾害存在困难。为提高东南地区地质灾害野外调查的工作效率和正确性,提出了隐性滑坡遥感解译技术方法,其解译的直接目标不是地质灾害体本身,而是隐性滑坡,即地质灾害易发的边坡或斜坡。其技术路线包括:遥感解译GIS工作环境创建、易发程度初步分析、建立解译规则、确定解译点位和解译区段及划定重点调查区等内容。该方法在淳安县1:50000农村山区地质灾害详细调查工作中进行了实际应用,采用0.5m和1.0m分辨率的航片和5m×5m分辨率的DEM数据,基于ArcG IS平台创建了解译环境,共确定解译点位3025个和解译区段969个,划定重点调查区面积约914.18km2。经过野外实地调查,共确定地质灾害隐患和不稳定斜坡283处,其中位于解译区段内的隐患或者不稳定斜坡共计199处,占总数的70.3%;位于重点调查区内的隐患或者不稳定斜坡共计264处,占总数的93.3%。ROC计算结果表明隐性滑坡遥感解译的正确率为92.9%。野外调查及验证结果说明,隐性滑坡遥感解译技术方法能够合理地划定解译区段和重点调查区范围,从而有效地指导野外调查工作,该成果可为我国东南沿海地区如浙江省等地区的大比例尺地质灾害详细调查提供参考。 相似文献
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泾阳县位于关中平原腹地泾河下游,渭北中部。区内总体地势为西北高,东南低,该县面积792km2,有地质灾害点93处,地质灾害隐患点60处。地质灾害在降雨、地质构造、人类工程活动等外力作用下,有增强趋势。本文分析了该县地质灾害的类型、规模、发育特征、分布特征及形成条件。结果可知:受地形地貌、地质构造、地层和岩土体结构、大气降雨、地表水和地下水、地震、人类工程活动等因素的影响,该县地质灾害类型主要为小型滑坡、崩塌、泥石流和地面沉降及地裂缝,地质灾害的类型和时间-空间分布规律存在显著的地域性特点。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献