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1.
华东沿海地带台风风廓线特征的观测个例分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2007年的“韦帕”、2009年的“莫拉克”、2010年的“凡亚比”和2011年的“梅花”四个台风的GPS探空数据,本文对华东近海和沿海地带的台风风廓线特征进行分析。首先求出梯度风速及其对应的高度,在此基础上利用指数律和对数律对风廓线进行拟合,并对幂指数、10米高度的地表风速和梯度风速的风速比,以及由对数律定义的常通量层高度等参数进行计算,并对梯度风高度和常通量层高度进行比较。结果表明:登陆台风沿海地带风廓线的梯度风高度和常通量层高度有明显差异。本文还对登陆台风平均风廓线的各参数进行了计算,并对梯度风高度以下风廓线偏离对数律的原因进行了讨论。 相似文献
2.
台风“莫拉克”影响期间浙江大风成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规资料、浙江省自动站加密资料、NCEP/NCAR1°×1°每日4次再分析资料和多普勒天气雷达资料对2009年第8号台风“莫拉克”影响期间浙江大风的成因进行了分析。此次台风大风影响具有影响时间早、持续时间长、影响范围大和大风强度强的特点。副热带高压快速加强西进是造成台风大风提早出现的主要原因之一。鞍型场、3个台风相互影响使得“莫拉克”台风移速减慢,导致台风大风对浙江沿海的影响时间增长。“莫拉克”登陆福建后其西北侧华北高压以及东南侧海上高压的存在使得地面气压梯度维持,导致大风影响时间增长和影响范围增大。垂直方向环流将高层动量下传导致低层风速猛增。多普勒天气雷达径向速度产品VCP21进行速度退模糊后可以作为台风大风分布范围和极大风速预测的一个参考依据,预测时其在沿海海面效果要较内陆好。 相似文献
3.
通过对台风莫拉克 (0908) 影响范围内的33座测风塔观测资料的分析可知:台风莫拉克越靠近陆地,风场的非对称性越明显,其行进方向的左侧测风塔风向呈逆时针旋转,右侧测风塔风向顺时针旋转。在远离台风莫拉克的地方风向稳定,湍流强度变化较平稳;在台风莫拉克登陆点附近,风向、风速和湍流强度均会出现突变。台风莫拉克影响期间,湍流强度与风速的关系未出现IEC标准曲线那样随风速增大稳定减小,其I15达B级和A级及以上的平均湍流强度会在风速7~17 m·s-1形成一个峰值;无论南风或北风,风速越大,各层湍流强度差异趋于减小,同等风速、高度的湍流强度偏南大风均大于偏北大风。位于台风莫拉克登陆点北侧测风塔湍流强度随风速的增加先减小后增大,最终各高度全部超过IEC标准A级曲线,而位于南侧测风塔湍流强度随风速的变化比北侧小,并随风速增大趋于标准A级曲线;另外北侧测风塔湍流强度大于南侧,且各高度偏北大风湍流强度之间的差异比南侧相应风向明显,表明北侧垂直方向的扰动更强。台风莫拉克阵风系数为1.2~1.7,其随高度变化与地形有关,一般情况下随高度升高而减小,在复杂地形条件下不符合随高度升高减小的规律。 相似文献
4.
尽管经典台风强度理论是基于梯度风平衡模型,但是已有的飞机观测资料和数值模拟研究发现,边界层中和眼墙附近存在非梯度风平衡气流,前人数值模拟发现,眼墙附近最大的超梯度风可以达到切向风速的16.7%。大涡模拟可以模拟出滚涡和龙卷尺度涡旋等小尺度系统,这些小尺度系统对梯度风平衡可能产生影响,使用中尺度天气预报模式结合大涡模拟（WRF-LES）对模拟台风内核区域方位角平均的梯度风平衡进行了分析,三个大涡模拟试验的水平分辨率分别为333 m、111 m和37 m,结果表明非梯度风平衡气流并未因为分辨率提高而显著增强或产生结构差异,最大超梯度风出现在边界层顶处最大切向风半径的内侧,达到梯度风速的10.8%~16.1%。进一步分析发现,不同台风中心定位方法会影响非梯度风平衡气流,最小气压方差法和最大切向风法可以得到与前人模拟一致的结构,而气压权重法得到的低层超梯度风中心远离眼墙、靠近台风中心,位涡权重法得到的低层超梯度风的径向范围向内扩大,最小气压方差法和最大切向风法更适合用于梯度风平衡研究中的台风中心定位。 相似文献
5.
应用常规观测资料、FY2C卫星TBB资料、多普勒雷达资料、风廓线雷达、加密自动站以及NCEP1°×1°再分析资料分析海河流域切变线类暴雨成因。结果表明：暴雨过程是低空切变线与高低空急流构成有利配置条件下发生的, 系统空间结构和冷空气移动路径的不同,造成了暴雨落区和强度的不同;沿切变线有带状中-α尺度对流云团形成和发展,并有中-β尺度MCS沿带状有组织的发展、移动、合并、加强,沿低空切变线如有低涡形成,带状对流云系内将有MCC形成,强降雨在MCS或MCC移动方向的前侧、TBB等值线梯度最大处;强降雨之前都有水汽辐合从地面向高层伸展,伸展高度越高,降雨强度越大,强降雨中心对应西南与偏东两个大水汽通量造成的辐合且等值线密集处;VAD风廓线和风廓线雷达资料都显示出对流层低空急流和超低空急流的先后形成,造成雨强也两度加强。 相似文献
6.
采用三维变分混合同化方法对双台风菲特（1323）和丹娜丝（1324）、天鹅（0907）和莫拉克（0908）进行数值模拟,并在此基础上,采用移除双台风中任一台风和增强或减弱任一台风的方法,对双台风的相互作用进行了敏感性试验。结果表明:台风丹娜丝的作用导致台风菲特路径偏南,移速偏慢;台风菲特的作用导致台风丹娜丝路径偏北,移速变化不大。双台风相互作用使台风菲特和丹娜丝强度发生变化。在台风菲特强盛阶段强度更强,减弱消亡阶段强度更弱。2013年10月6-9日我国华东地区出现的强降水主要受台风菲特影响,台风丹娜丝使降水强度增强、强降水中心位置偏南。双台风相互作用使台风天鹅移向偏南,移速偏快,但台风天鹅对台风莫拉克的移向、移速影响不大;台风天鹅路径盘旋曲折,每次移向的变化都与台风莫拉克有关;台风天鹅打转程度与台风莫拉克的强度呈正相关,双台风间存在涡度、水汽通量等的相互影响及输送机制。 相似文献
7.
登陆台风边界层风廓线特征的地基雷达观测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了分析登陆台风边界层风廓线特征,利用2004—2013年中国东南沿海新一代多普勒天气雷达收集的17个登陆台风资料,采用飓风速度体积分析方法,反演登陆台风的边界层风场结构特征。与探空观测对比表明,利用雷达径向风场可以准确地反演登陆台风的边界层风场结构,其风速误差小于2 m/s,风向误差小于5°。所有登陆台风合成的边界层风廓线显示,在近地层(100 m)以上,边界层风廓线存在类似急流的最大切向风,其高度均在1 km以上,显著高于大西洋观测到的飓风边界层急流高度(低于1 km)。陆地边界层内低层入流强度也明显大于过去海上观测,这主要是由陆地上摩擦增大引起。越靠近台风中心,边界层风廓线离散度越大,其中,径向风廓线比全风速以及切向风廓线离散度更大。将风廓线相对台风移动方向分为4个象限,分析边界层风廓线非对称特征显示,台风移动前侧入流层明显高于移动后侧。最大切向风位于台风移动左后侧,而台风右后侧没有显著的急流特征,与过去理想模拟的海陆差异导致的台风非对称分布特征一致。 相似文献
8.
利用台风山竹（1822）和利奇马（1909）登陆期间固定式风廓线雷达、WindCubeV2激光雷达和测风塔的梯度观测数据,结合台风山竹（1822）登陆前后精细化风场模拟资料,分析了登陆台风不同影响象限内,离地300 m高度内的强风参数及其随距离、海拔高度及下垫面的变化特征。结果表明:（1）距离台风中心200 km水平范围内,最大风速所在高度及风切变指数沿台风半径向外增加,且陆地强风切变指数普遍高于0.12,而海洋下垫面拖曳作用弱,风切变较小,仅在岛屿群附近存在超出国标设计阈值的高切变区域。（2）台风移动方向的右前象限内强风切变指数稳定维持在0.17左右,且对海拔高度不敏感,左后象限存在类似于急流的风廓线,而左前象限内强风的垂直变化在空间上具有较强的非线性特征,边界层低层强风结构较复杂。（3）阵风因子和湍流强度随平均风速增大、离地高度升高呈现减小趋势。（4）过程最大风向变差角沿台风半径向外减小,且在空间上具有显著的非对称性,其中右后象限的风向变差角最大,半小时风向变化超过30°,且大多发生在台风登陆前或登陆时。研究成果可为我国近海及沿海风电场的微尺度风场模拟及台风风险防御提供帮助。 相似文献
9.
The structural evolution of Typhoon Morakot(2009) during its passage across Taiwan was investigated with the WRF model. When Morakot approached eastern Taiwan, the low-level center was gradually filled by the Central Mountain Range(CMR), while the outer wind had flowed around the northern tip of the CMR and met the southwesterly monsoon to result in a strong confluent flow over the southern Taiwan Strait. When the confluent flow was blocked by the southern CMR, a secondary center(SC) without a warm core formed over southwestern Taiwan. During the northward movement of the SC along the west slope of the CMR, the warm air produced within the wake flow over the northwestern CMR was continuously advected into the SC, contributing to the generation of a warm core inside the SC. Consequently, a well-defined SC with a warm core, closed circulation and almost symmetric structure was produced over central western Taiwan, and then it coupled with Morakot's mid-level center after crossing the CMR to reestablish a new and vertically stacked typhoon. Therefore, the SC inside Morakot was initially generated by a dynamic interaction among the TC's cyclonic wind, southwesterly wind and orographic effects of the CMR, while the thermodynamic process associated with the downslope adiabatic warming effect documented by previous studies supported its development to be a well-defined SC. In summary, the evolution of the SC in this study is not in contradiction with previous studies, but just a complement, especially in the initial formation stage. 相似文献
10.
海洋飞沫对台风“Morakot”结构影响的数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将海洋飞沫参数化引入到高分辨率、非静力中尺度模式中,并对0908号台风"Morakot"进行了数值模拟,研究了海洋飞沫对台风"Morakot"结构和强度的影响。结果表明:(1)不论是否考虑海洋飞沫作用,模式均能较好地模拟出台风"Morakot"的移动路径,说明海洋飞沫对其移动路径影响不大;(2)引入海洋飞沫参数化后,台风眼墙区域的切向风速、径向风速、垂直速度、涡度、云水混合比、雨水混合比等物理量均增强,表明飞沫对台风结构变化的影响明显;(3)海洋飞沫对台风"Morakot"演变的直接影响是在对流层低层,低层风速明显增大,大风速区的影响尤为显著;(4)飞沫的蒸发使台风范围内的潜热和感热通量明显增强,尤其是潜热通量,其大值区对应着台风中心附近的最大风速区。由于水汽和热量输送的增强,使台风眼壁附近的云水量与雨水量增多,因此降水强度明显增加。 相似文献
11.
为了研究风阵性特征,尤其是在受台风影响时湍流特征对安全开发利用风能资源的影响,利用江苏沿海5座测风塔2009年6月—2012年11月的梯度风观测数据,分析了近地层风阵性基本特征,并筛选了7个对江苏产生较大影响的台风,包括罕见的正面登陆台风达维（1210）,分析台风影响下风阵性特征。研究发现:江苏沿海地区低层的风脉动性比高层强,10 m高度的年平均阵风系数和湍流强度分别为1.50和0.20;海陆分布明显影响风阵性,离岸风的湍流强度明显大于向岸风;当风速等级小于6级时,风阵性随风速增大而一致性减小,之后则稳定少变;在台风中心附近,受风速、风向快速多变的影响,湍流强度和阵风系数均远大于台风外围和没有台风影响的情况,湍流强度和阵风系数在30~50 m高度之间增加,在6~7级风时出现风阵性的局部峰值区。 相似文献
12.
The structure and organization of the extreme-rain-producing deep convection towers and their roles in the formation of a southwest vortex(SWV) event are studied using the intensified surface rainfall observations, weather radar data and numerical simulations from a high-resolution convection-allowing model. The deep convection towers occurred prior to the emergence of SWV and throughout its onset and development stages. They largely resemble the vortical hot tower(VHT) commonly seen in typhoons or hurricanes and are thus considered as a special type of VHT(sVHT). Each sVHT presented a vorticity dipole structure, with the upward motion not superpose the positive vorticity.A positive feedback process in the SWV helped the organization of sVHTs, which in turn strengthened the initial disturbance and development of SWV. The meso-γ-scale large-value areas of positive relative vorticity in the mid-toupper troposphere were largely induced by the diabatic heating and tilting. The strong mid-level convergence was attributed to the mid-level vortex enhancement. The low-level vortex intensification was mainly due to low-level convergence and the stretching of upward flow. The meso-α-scale large-value areas of positive relative vorticity in the low-level could expand up to about 400 hPa, and gradually weakened with time and height due to the decaying low-level convergence and vertical stretching in the matured SWV. As the SWV matured, two secondary circulations were formed,with a weaker mean radial inflow than the outflow and elevated to 300-400 hPa. 相似文献
13.
There is distinct difference in the tangential wind profile between different typhoons in the western North Pacific. At present, only two parameters, maximum wind and radius of maximum wind, are used in NCAR-AFWA bogus for MM5 mesoscale numerical model. As a result, sometimes the outer structure of typhoon cannot be described accurately. The tangential wind profile of NCAR-AFWA bogus is improved by introducing radii of 25.7 m/s and 15.4 m/s, and then the track and intensity of Typhoon Nockten (No.0425) are simulated. The results show that the simulations of track and intensity of typhoon both have been improved by simultaneously introducing the radii in the tangential wind profile of typhoon bogus. At the same time, there is improvement in the gale wind range of the typhoon simulated. 相似文献
14.
Three typhoons, Goni, Morakot and Etau which were generated in Western Pacific in
2009, are successfully simulated by the WRF model. The horizontal and vertical vorticity and
their interaction are analyzed and diagnosed by using the simulation results. It is shown that
their resultant vectors had a fixed pattern in the evolution process of the three typhoons:
The horizontal vorticity converged to the tropical cyclone (TC) center below 900 hPa level,
flowed out from it at around 900 to 800 hPa, and flowed in between 800 hPa and 700 hPa. If
multiple maximum wind speed centers showed up, the horizontal vorticity converged to the
center of the typhoon below the maximum wind speed center and diverged from the TC center
above the maximum wind speed center. At low levels, the three typhoons interacted with each
other through vertical circulation generated by the vortex tube. This circulation was mainly
generated by the eastward or westward horizontal vorticity vectors. Clouds and precipitation
were generated on the ascending branch of the vertical circulation. The vortex tubes often
flowed toward the southwest of the right TC from the northeast of the left TC. According to
the full vorticity equation, the horizontal vorticity converted into the vertical vorticity
near the maximum wind speed center below 850 hPa level, and the period of most intense
conversion was consistent with the intensification period of TC, while the vorticity advection
was against the intensification. The vertical vorticity converted into the horizontal
vorticity from 800 hPa to 600 hPa, and the wind speed decreased above the maximum wind speed
region at low levels. 相似文献
15.
利用常规观测资料、地面自动站资料、雷达资料、卫星云图及NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对2015年6月20日和8月19日发生在林芝市的两次暴雨过程进行对比诊断分析。结果表明:“6.20”过程发生在副热带高压稳定少动的环流背景下,“8.19”过程发生在伊朗高压东伸与西太副高形成两高之间切变线的环流形势下;暴雨区低层水汽强烈输送和垂直运动强烈发展以及对流层中低层辐合、高层辐散的典型配置是两次过程共同的特点,“8.19”过程水汽输送较“6.20”更为通畅,配合低空急流,辐合更强,且“8.19”过程较历史个例而言,具有移动缓慢,系统深厚的特点,强降水落区同强垂直上升运动、低空强辐合及高空强辐散、水汽通量辐合中心相一致;“8.19”过程有明显的冷空气下传过程,存在强的高低空急流,且云顶温度更低,对流系统发展更高,云顶温度低于-60℃中心维持时间较长,强降水出现在云顶温度低值中心及其梯度大值区内。 相似文献
16.
An algorithm is developed for solving the hydrodynamic equations describing wind field structure in a typhoon. The specific feature of the algorithm consists in solving an overdetermined set of equations: given radial profiles of pressure and vertical velocity component, horizontal wind components are found. Projection of angular momentum on tangential direction plays a role of “error of closure.” The calculated wind fields in resting and moving typhoons are presented. As an example, the whole lifecycle of Typhoon Ivan (September 2–17, 2004) is described in detail. 相似文献
17.
In this study, the kinematic and precipitation structures of a mesocyclone associated with a hook echo were analyzed using single Doppler radar data. The mesocyclone was embedded in a mesoscale convective rainband near northern Taiwan coastline on 10 September 2004. The synoptic environment was
characterized by a moderate convective available potential energy (CAPE) and a moderate ambient vertical shear from surface to 5 km.In addition, a pronounced low-level mesoscale shear/convergence
zone, which resulted from the interaction of two tropical depressions, was also identified in the northwest coast of Taiwan,providing a favorable dynamic condition for the development of the mesocyclone.
Analyzing single Doppler dipole signature shows that this mesocyclone formed initially at low levels, then deepened and strengthened rapidly into mature stage with the vertical depth exceeding 8 km. The diameter of the mesocyclone decreased with the height at the time of vortexgenesis, and then evolved into columnar structure accompanied with the broader diameter in middle layer. The mesocyclone lasted for about 2 h. The Ground-Based Velocity Track Display (GBVTD) method was applied to retrieve the axisymmetric circulation of the mesocyclone. The GBVTD-derived primary circulation showed the radius of maximum wind (RMW) of the mesocyclone was about 5--6 km and varied from inward tilting to outward tilting with time. The axisymmetric radial wind field was initially characterized by a low-level inflow inside the RMW and outflow outside the RMW, respectively. The strongest reflectivity was associated with a stronger updraft near the RMW, and a weak downdraft was located at the center of the mesocyclone.Subsequently the downdraft and reflectivity near the mesocyclone
center strengthened obviously, accompanied with the low-level outflow, strong updraft as well as high reflectivity extending outside the RMW. The relative tangential wind initially exhibited a wavenumber 1 asymmetric structure with the maximum wind region at the left portion of the meso cyclone and shifted counterclockwise with height. The axisymmetric tangential wind strengthened and reached its maximum intensity with a value about 20 m s-1 at z=1 km. After that the axisymmetric tangential
wind decreased rapidly, meanwhile the wave-1 asymmetric structure redeveloped with the maximum wind at the left-front of motion. In summary, the evolution and structure of the mesocyclone is similar
to that observed within a non-supercell mesocyclone. It is worth to mention that the axisymmetric circulation characteristics of the mesocyclone at its mature stage are very similar to those
observed in a mature typhoon. However, there are significant differences, i.e., the size is much smaller, the lifetime is much shorter, and the downdraft in the center is produced by precipitation instead of compensating subsidence. 相似文献
18.
登陆过程中台风高层暖心结构演变特征分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
采用美国国家环境预报中心NCEP提供的分辨率为0.5°的再分析资料和中国气象局上海台风研究所热带气旋最佳路径集,对1979—2010年于30°N以南登陆中国的台风进行合成并分析其高层暖心结构,主要结论如下:(1)登陆台风暖心在登陆前18h左右强度有较明显的加强趋势;(2)登陆阶段台风暖心有着明显的非对称性,向陆地侧的暖心面积更大;而在登陆方向两侧暖心结构也存在较弱的非对称性,登陆前暖心面积左侧大于右侧,登陆后暖心面积右侧大于左侧。(3)登陆台风暖心的温度梯度分布是不均匀的。越靠近暖心外围,温度梯度越大,越靠近暖心中心,温度梯度相对较小。当暖心强度变化后,暖心内层温度的变化率大于外层。(4)登陆过程中暖心强度在垂直方向的衰减比水平方向更为显著。(5)文中几种台风暖心特征的计算简便,物理含义明确,为实际业务提供了较为不错的定量化参考,方便理解台风暖心结构与台风强度变化之间的关系,具备一定的业务应用价值。 相似文献
19.
以NCEP资料为初始场和侧边界条件,利用WRF模式对东、西天山地形对2015年12月9—12日大暴雪影响进行敏感性试验,从降水强度和分布等方面对比分析模拟结果,探讨地形在暴雪过程中的作用,对成因进行初步研究分析,结果表明:(1)此次强降雪发生是高空西南急流抽吸、低层风切变及风速辐合、偏北风与地形强迫抬升、地面冷锋移动缓慢等共同造成的。(2)此次暴雪天气过程,地形对强降雪的落区、强度影响很大,东、西天山高度与强降雪强度正相关,东、西天山高度降低、强降雪落区沿环流方向移动。(3)地形动力强迫整体上增强次级环流圈。近地面上升速度中心出现在迎风坡山脚至山腰区域,并向两侧递减,与此次大暴雪中心落区以及乌鲁木齐附近测站降雪量分布吻合,东、西天山地形高度降低50%,近地面上升速度中心值减少30%。地形强迫东、西天山峡谷近地面生成辐合中心和辐合线,辐合中心强度与地形高度正相关。(4)地形强迫抬升有加强水汽辐合汇聚的作用,东、西天山地形高度降低50%,水汽通量与水汽通量散度减少30%。 相似文献
20.
浙江沿海台风阵风系数的影响因子分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
利用2004—2015年影响浙江海岛的台风及沿海气象站资料,分析台风阵风系数与平均风速、台风强度、测站高度、岛屿位置、台风与测站之间距离、台风象限和月份等因子的关系。结果表明,当平均风速较小时阵风系数的均值和波动幅度较大。在相同风速情况下,台风中心强度较强时的阵风系数会大些且其变化幅度随高度增大;而台风强度较弱时的阵风系数随高度变化不明显。最大阵风系数一般出现在台风与测站距离为150~250 km的区域内。台风第一和第四象限不仅其影响风力明显比第二和第三象限的强,且阵风系数变化幅度也较大。近海岸岛屿测站的阵风系数比远海岸岛屿测站要大。9月阵风系数波动范围比7—8月的小。从台风的自身环流来看,中低层的高度场、垂直速度场和湿度场等因子与阵风系数相关密切。 相似文献