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1.
The paper considers the localization of potassic and propylitic hydrothermal alteration zones in the domal volcanic-plutonic structure controlling the position of the Dukat ore field with the eponymous unique epithermal Au-Ag deposit. Comprehensive mineralogical and geochemical data on rocks and minerals in hydrothermal alteration zones and associated intrusions have shown that quartz-jarosite-sericite, quartz-pyrite-sericite, and quartz-adularia-chlorite alterations were formed with the participation of fluid flows related to a fingerlike projection of a high-K leucogranite porphyry intrusion with large phenocrysts. These hydrothermal alterations developed in the rifted graben under conditions of divergent plate boundaries, whereas quartz-clinozoisite-calcite, epidote-chlorite, and garnet-calcite-chlorite alterations were linked to K-Na leucogranite intrusive bodies and developed under conditions of convergent plate boundaries reactivated as a result of formation of the marginal Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt. Phase separation and coagulation of specific portions of ascending fluids resulted in the formation and stabilization of small-sized particles of native silver and other ore components, which enabled involvement in flows of secondary geothermal solutions and ore-forming fluids. The Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions of rocks and minerals from the hydrothermal alteration zones, associated intrusions, and economic orebodies at the Dukat deposit indicate that their components have been derived from the juvenile continental crust, which was altered in pre-Cretaceous periods of endogenic activity. The components of gangue minerals of potassic and propylitic hydrothertmal alterations and associated intrusions have been taken from deep sources differing in 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd at similar U/Pb and Th/Pb ratios. Chalcophile lead in products of hydrothermal activity and melanocratic inclusions in leucogranite has been taken from regions with elevated U/Pb and Th/Pb ratios. 相似文献
2.
辽宁青城子铅锌矿成矿流体特征和成矿物质来源示踪 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
青城子铅锌矿地处辽东-吉南裂谷带西端,是中国东北地区著名的铅锌矿床,其成矿作用复杂。为了深入揭示该矿床的成矿流体特征和成矿物质来源,本文在对青城子铅锌矿床(喜鹊沟、甸南、本山)地质特征研究的基础上,开展了流体包裹体测温和激光拉曼成分分析,H、O、C、S、Pb同位素分析,并进行了多元同位素体系的综合示踪。青城子铅锌矿床发育富液相包裹体,局部发育H_2O-CO_2三相包裹体。成矿温度范围大,是多阶段成矿作用发展演化的反映(至少两期成矿),成矿温度主要在190℃~310℃之间,应属中温成矿,成矿流体为中温低盐度的水盐流体。激光拉曼成分特征,成矿流体总体属于含CH_4的H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系,属于还原性流体,具有深源的特征。氢氧同位素结果显示,成矿热液主要来源于岩浆水和大气降水。硫同位素特征表明,矿体中的硫可能主要来自海水硫酸盐的还原。碳氧同位素特征表明,成矿物质可能起源于地层,后期发生岩浆热液改造。铅同位素结果表明,矿石中铅是地层与岩浆岩的混合源铅。 相似文献
3.
A. A. Sidorov A. G. Filimonova A. V. Volkov N. V. Trubkin A. V. Chugaev 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2012,444(2):696-701
There are good grounds to believe that the inherited development of ore bodies controls the most important regularities in the location of deposits, especially of large ones, and also explains quite clearly the relatively selective ore occurrence in different magmas. Giant silver deposits were identified among both Paleozoic bodies and their regenerated Late Mesozoic vein-disseminated analogues. Jointly they represent a unified polychronic ore formation range. The performed investigations of mineral composition and the isotopic Sm-Nd system of granitoids in the Dukat ore field and their gold- and silver-bearing melanocratic inclusions established the possible occurrence of the Paleozoic juvenile continental crust of the Siberian Craton in their composition and confirmed our complicated scheme of oregenesis at the Dukat silver giant. The occurrence of high-grade gold in the melanocratic mineral aggregates of granitoids in the Dukat ore field should be regarded as a feature of hypabyssal gold-bearing zones being of high commercial interest. 相似文献
4.
Pilar Lecumberri-Sanchez Rolf L. Romer Volker Lüders Robert J. Bodnar 《Mineralium Deposita》2014,49(3):353-369
More than 50 % of the world's total reserves of tungsten are in China and most tungsten deposits are located in the Nanling range in southeast China. This study explores the potential genetic relationship between tungsten–tin (W–Sn) mineralization and shallower Ag–Pb–Zn deposits in the Nanling range based on data from the Wutong deposit, Guangxi Province. The lead, oxygen, carbon, sulfur, and strontium isotopic compositions of minerals at Wutong indicate that a single crustal-derived fluid was responsible for mineralization. Wutong likely formed at relatively low temperatures (～200–300 °C) and low pressures, as indicated by the similarity between homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions and those estimated from S isotopic compositions of minerals. The hübnerite age (92.3–104.4 Ma) indicates that the Wutong mineralization is likely related to nearby Late Yanshanian (Cretaceous) S-type granites derived from Proterozoic crust. This mineralization event coincides with the last W–Sn mineralization event and the Cretaceous peak of mineralization in the Nanling range. 相似文献
5.
Shizishan ore-field is a nonferrous and noble metal ore-field which is most rich in copper and gold.There are many types of fluid inclusions in minerals of the deposits.The homogeneous temperatures and the salinities of the fluid inclusions in main mineralization stages have wide ranges,while the different types of the fluid inclusions existed together and their homogeneous temperatures are almost identical in the same mineralization stage,which indicates that the ore-forming process has great relation with the fluid boiling.The gas and liquid chemical compositions and the carbon,hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the fluid inclusions show that the ore-forming fluids of copper-gold deposits have the same characteristics and evolution tendency,which reflects that the ore-forming material mainly came from the magmatism.The stratigraphic component and the meteoric water may mix in ore- forming fluids in the later mineralization stages.Furthermore,with the fall of the ore-forming temperature the ratios of water and rock decreased.The characteristics of chemical composition and carbon isotopic composition of fluid inclusions indicate that CH4 may play an important role for separating copper and gold in the ore-forming process. 相似文献
6.
Deposition and remobilization of uranium in the North Baikal region: Evidence from the U-Pb isotopic systems of uranium ores 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the study of local volumes of minerals, including their microsampling and subsequent analysis of Pb/Pb and U/Pb isotope ratios with the classic methods of isotopic dilution and thermoionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), U-Pb and Pb-Pb isotopic datings of minerals were carried out in uranium ores from deposits in the Akitkan and Nechera-Nichatka ore districts (North Baikal region). Reliable evidence in favor of the Middle Devonian (384 ± 8 Ma) remobilization of Paleoproterozoic primary uranium concentrations and the redeposition of uranium as pitchblende 2 has been obtained for the first time for ores of the Akitkan district. The Paleoproterozoic (1832 ± 13 Ma) age of uraninite mineralization and the timing of the latest (377 ± 5 Ma) transformation of uranium ores at the Chepok deposit (Nechera-Nichatka district) are substantiated. 相似文献
7.
《Resource Geology》2018,68(3):258-274
The Dabaoshan deposit in Northern Guangdong Province, South China, is a Cu–Mo–W–Pb–Zn polymetallic deposit, located in the southern part of the Qin–Hang porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo ore belt. The deposit mainly comprises porphyry Mo and stratiform skarn Cu ore deposits. The genesis of the Cu ore deposit has been ascribed to a typical skarn ore deposit formed by the metasomatism of Devonian carbonate rock layers or to a volcanic rock‐hosted massive sulfide deposit formed by marine exhalation. In this paper, we report on the homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions and C, H, O, S, and Pb isotopic compositions of fluids and minerals in this deposit. Homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in garnet, diopside, quartz, and calcite provide information on the skarnification, mineralization, and postmineralization stages. The data show that ore‐forming fluids experienced a continuous transition from high temperatures and salinities to low temperatures and salinities over the entire period of mineralization. C, H, and O isotopic compositions indicate that ore‐forming fluids were derived mainly from magmatic water. O isotopic compositions indicate that ore‐forming fluids mingled with atmospheric water during the last stage of mineralization. Sulfur in the ore came mainly from deep magmatic sources. Pb isotopic compositions in the orebody show that almost all the lead in the ore was derived from magma with a crustal source. Combined geological, geophysical, and geochemical data were achieved before we proposed that the Dabaoshan porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo–W–Pb–Zn deposit, as one member of the Qin–Hang porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo ore belt, formed during the Jurassic subduction of the paleo‐Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian continent at quite low angle. NE‐ and EW‐trending structures controlled the emplacement of magmatic rocks in the South China region. In the mining area, the Xiangguanping Fault and its branches were the main conduits for magmatic crystallization and mineralization. The many subfaults, folds, and interlayer fracture zones on both sides of the main fault provided the requisite space for the ore and, together, were the controlling structures of the orebody. 相似文献
8.
滇西地区下地壳铅同位素的组成及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
滇西地区新生代碱性侵入岩中广泛分布的麻粒岩包体可以代表该地区的下地壳岩石,为了确定滇西下地壳岩石的铅同位素组成,我们系统采集了该区碱性岩中的麻粒岩包体,挑选出其中的长石、石榴子石等造岩矿物,测定了其铅同位素组成,在Zartman等的铅构造演化模式图上,剔除个别异常的铅同位素组成,圈出投影于下地壳铅同位素演化趋势线上及附近的铅同位素分布范围,由此确定了该区下地壳的铅同位素组成的区域,并进一步结合作者先前确定的该区上地壳及上地幔铅同位素组成,构建了该区三维岩石圈铅同位素组成,并将这一结果用于滇西金顶超大型铅锌矿床的成矿物质来源的研究中,发现颇受争议的金顶铅锌矿床中的铅并非来自上地幔,而相当于下地壳来源的铅与兰坪盆地沉积岩铅二者的混合铅。 相似文献
9.
John N. Aleinikoff 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1983,83(3-4):259-269
Zircon inclusions were separated from the five major rock-forming minerals of the Sherman Granite of southern Wyoming, in order to evaluate the degree of discordance as a possible function of host minerals. U-Th-Pb isotopic ratios were determined for two size fractions of zircon inclusions from each mineral, plus five size fractions from the bulk rock. Isotopic data from the inclusions have more than double the spread of data on a discordia obtained from the bulk sample, thereby yielding better-resolved concordia intercepts. However, isotopic ratios and morphologic characteristics indicate that the Pb/U systematics are complicated by inherited radiogenic lead. Although the data array cannot unequivocally be explained by the armoring process, the proposed methodology has succeeded in identifying groups of zircon with different isotopic characteristics. As such, this technique can be used to decipher complex geologic/isotopic histories and may be a useful addition to routine zircon geochronology. 相似文献
10.
云南白秧坪银多金属矿集区成矿流体特征及成矿机制 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
云南白秧坪银多金属矿集区是滇西兰坪盆地内新发现的矿集区,属东特提斯—喜马拉雅成矿域的一部分。通过流体包裹体的类型、均一温度和盐度的研究分析,结合流体包裹体的化学成分和C、H、O同位素资料及成矿地质条件的综合分析,提出流体包裹体主要具有盆地沉积卤水及大气降水的特征,但成矿流体具有壳幔混合来源的特征。这些特征与该区特定的地质背景和演化历史密切相关。兰坪盆地是在澜沧江和金沙江两条深大断裂之间发展起来的一个拉分盆地,这两条深断裂连同盆地中央的中轴断裂,不仅控制了盆地的发生和发展过程,而且也控制了盆地内成矿流体的来源及银、铜等多金属矿床的成矿作用。因此认为成矿作用是流体混合作用、有机质和膏盐地层的还原作用等综合作用的结果。 相似文献
11.
晶质铀矿、沥青铀矿、铀石等铀矿物的微区原位U-Pb定年对研究铀矿床有着十分重要的意义。使用激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)与电子探针(EPMA)相结合的方法更加准确地测定铀矿物微区原位U-Pb年龄,既解决了EPMA不能测定同位素比值,无法准确扣除普通铅等不足,又解决了目前LA-ICPMS测定的铀矿物标样极少,标样难寻的困扰,从而有利于铀矿物微区原位U-Pb定年技术的推广使用,为铀矿床研究提供更准确的定年数据。这一定年方法不但在铀矿床的年代学研究中有重要的应用,在各种地质体的铀矿物U-Pb同位素年代学研究中也有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
12.
《Applied Geochemistry》1996,11(5):721-734
Pb isotope ratios obtained from fine-grained fractions ( < 63 and < 2 gmm from near-surface ( < 1 m depth) till surrounding ore deposits show isotopic overprinting from the underlying sulfide mineralization, and provide a new approach to mineral exploration for massive sulfide deposits (VMS) in glaciated terrains.In this study, Pb isotopic measurements, and selective leaching of 6 near-surface till samples down-ice from the Chisel Lake (Manitoba) and Manitouwadge (Ontario) VMS deposits were carried out in order to determine the location and nature of the Pb within till. Elemental abundances from selective leachates for all 6 samples display similar patterns and show that chalcophile elements (Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), derived predominantly from the underlying VMS deposits, occur as (i) adsorbed/exchangeable metals; (ii) associated with oxyhydrous Fe and Mn; (iii) crystalline Fe oxides, and/or (iv) silicate. Despite the relative proximity of some of the till samples to the VMS deposits, only a very small component of the chalcophile elements is present as sulfide. This result is consistent with those from studies of weathered (oxidized) tills, which show that labile minerals such as sulfides have been completely destroyed and their chemical constituents reprecipitated or scavenged locally by clay-sized phyllosilicates and secondary oxides/hydroxides.Pb isotopic ratios for selective leachates from till samples with VMS-like (anomalous) signatures are similar to those from ore (galena) within the proximal VMS deposits. This indicates that the Pb is of a secondary nature and was probably scavenged and deposited after destruction of original sulfide minerals during till formation. The lack of a predominant sulfide-held Pb component within the selective leachates supports this interpretation. In contrast, Pb isotopic ratios for the same selective leachates from “background” samples are significantly higher and show that the Pb is not derived from proximal VMS deposits but from a more radiogenic source.Till samples were also leached using 2.5 M HCl (ldconventional” leaching). The Pb isotope ratios from the conventional leachates are similar to those obtained from the selective leachates, and show a large difference in Pb isotopic ratios between anomalous and background samples. We propose, therefore, that the conventional leaching rather than selective leaching or complete dissolution of a particular grain-size fraction be adopted for mineral exploration purposes using glacial sediments.The results from this study support the effective use of Pb isotope ratios from near-surface till as an exploration tool despite the weathered nature of the latter. We feel that this represents a more cost-effective technique over traditional geochemical prospecting methods, if used in conjunction with Pb abundance data. 相似文献
13.
青海同仁双朋西金铜矿矿床地质特征及矿床成因 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在翔实的野外工作基础上,对青海省同仁县双朋西金铜矿床矿石与围岩的微量元素、稀土元素、流体包裹体和同位素地球化学特征展开了系统研究。研究结果表明,金矿石和花岗闪长岩的稀土元素配分模式具有相似性,均为轻稀土元素富集型,具负铕异常,基本上无铈异常,暗示它们之间存在成因联系;成矿流体为中高温、低盐度、中等密度、中等压力流体,且以含碳质为特征;铅、硫同位素结果均反映出成矿物质主要来源于深源。据此认为区内矿化是与中高温岩浆热液作用有关的矽卡岩型金铜矿化,属于印支-燕山期同一构造-岩浆作用的产物。 相似文献
14.
黄沙坪铅锌多金属矿床的成因分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
黄沙坪铅锌多金属矿床的单矿物包裹体：测温，气液成分和微量元素分析结果，结合矿床硫，铅同位素组成及同位素地质年龄的综合分析表明，该矿床的成因以岩浆热液成矿为主，兼有沉积层控矿床特征。 相似文献
15.
ZHANG Fan LIU Shuwen LI Qiugen SUN Yali WANG Zongqi YAN Quanren YAN Zhen 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(3):673-682
The Erlihe Pb–Zn deposit is an important mine of the Pb–Zn metallogenic zone in the South Qinling Orogen. It has been considered a sedimentary exhalative deposit in previous investigations because the ore body occurs concordantly at the transitional location of an upright fold. Re and Os isotopic analyses for paragenetic pyrites with sphalerite and galena from the ore body have been used to determine the timing of mineralization and to trace the source of metallogenic materials. The Re–Os isotopic data of four pyrite samples construct an isochron, yielding a weighted average age of 226±17 Ma (mean square weighted deviation=1.7), which is considered the main mineralization age. A dioritic porphyrite vein sample, showing weaker mineralization, was also dated using the SHRIMP zircon U–Pb isotopic method to constrain the youngest metallogenic age of the ore deposit, because it distributes along a group of tensional joints cutting not only the upright fold in the deposit field, but also the main ore bodies. The dioritic porphyrite sample yields a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 221±3 Ma, which is slightly younger than the Re–Os isotopic isochron age of the pyrites, considered as the upper age limit of the mineralization, namely the ending age of the mineralization. The Os isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals distribute within a range between Os isotopic compositions of the crust and the mantle, indicating that the ore deposit can be derived from magma-related fluid, and the metallogenic materials are most likely derived from the mixing source of the crust and the mantle. The Erlihe Pb–Zn deposit and associated dioritic porphyrite vein, important records of Qinling tectonic–magmatism–mineralization activities, were formed during the Triassic collisional orogeny processes. 相似文献
16.
微区原位普通铅同位素分析技术及其地质应用进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用激光剥蚀-多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-MC-ICP-MS)和二次离子质谱(SIMS)等分析技术进行微区原位普通Pb同位素分析是微区地球化学研究的重要内容之一.综述了矿物、熔体包裹体和沉积结核的微区原位普通Pb同位素分析技术及其地质应用的新进展.这些研究资料表明该分析技术在岩浆岩成因、沉积物物源示踪、地幔地球化学、古海洋学以及矿床学等的研究中提供了常规的全岩Pb同位素分析方法难以获得的重要信息,充分展示了该分析技术在地球科学研究中的应用前景. 相似文献
17.
激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)是一种固体微区分析新技术。用该技术来分析矿床中硫化物的微量元素组成可以为研究成矿流体特征、矿床成因及找矿勘探提供有关的科学信息。文中以安徽铜陵矿集区内新桥Cu-Au-S矿床中的黄铁矿为研究对象,在详细的野外观察和室内鉴定的基础上,将矿床中的黄铁矿分为具有沉积特征的胶状黄铁矿(PyⅠ)、具有变形重结晶和热液叠加作用特征的细粒他形黄铁矿(PyⅡ)和具热液成因特征的中—粗粒自形黄铁矿(PyⅢ)3种类型。LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素测定结果显示,PyⅠ中相对富含Ti、Co、Ni、As、Se、Te;PyⅡ继承了PyⅠ中富含Ti、Co、Ni、As、Se、Te、Bi的特征,同时还含有不均匀分布的少量成矿元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag);PyⅢ中成矿元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Au以及Bi元素的含量较高,Co、Ni、As的含量较低。在元素赋存状态方面,Co、Ni、As、Se和Te均以类质同象的形式进入到了黄铁矿的晶格中;Bi在PyⅡ中主要以含Bi矿物的微细包裹体形式存在,而在PyⅢ中的Bi还部分取代了Fe而占据了晶格;Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag这些成矿元素中,Cu和Zn分别以黄铜矿和闪锌矿的矿物包裹体存在于黄铁矿中;PyⅡ中所含的少量Au、Ag,可能分别以自然金和自然银的形式存在,而在PyⅢ中Au可能主要以银金矿的形式存在,Ag除了以银金矿的形式存在以外还可能赋存于黄铁矿中含铋的矿物包裹体内;Pb主要赋存于黄铁矿中的方铅矿或含铋矿物的包裹体中。在综合分析黄铁矿的结构形态和微量元素组成特征的基础上认为,PyⅠ型黄铁矿可能形成于前人提出的晚古生代海底沉积或喷流沉积环境,PyⅡ和PyⅢ型黄铁矿分别形成于中生代区域构造变形-热液叠加改造的过渡环境和热液环境,PyⅡ和PyⅢ的形成时间相近。新桥矿床的形成可能经历了晚古生代海底沉积或喷流沉积期和燕山期热液期,胶黄铁矿主要形成于沉积成矿期,而矿床中成矿物质Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag等主要来自燕山期岩浆侵入作用形成的热液成矿系统。 相似文献
18.
豫西东闯金矿床流体包裹体及稳定同位素研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
东闯金矿床位于华北板块南缘的小秦岭金成矿带中部地区。矿体呈脉状、透镜状赋存于东西向压扭性断裂中,赋矿围岩为太古界太华群变质岩系。成矿作用可分为4个阶段,从早到晚,流体包裹体均一温度分别为296~342℃、257~341℃、250~314℃和175~267℃;对应流体盐度w(NaCleq)为5.23%~6.63%、1.63%~8.77%、3.38%~8.61%和8.55%~11.1%,以5%~9%为主,流体成分以H2O-NaCl-CO2为主。估算成矿压力为100~160MPa,静岩压力深度3.6~5.3 km。包裹体水的δDV-SMOW值为-49‰~80.2‰,多数在50‰~60‰之间,δ18O水计算值为3.33‰~7.88‰。碳酸盐矿物δ13CV-PDB为-5.1‰~-1.3‰,δ18OV-SM为9.9‰~15.29‰。矿石硫化物的δ34SV-CDT为-2.75‰~5.52‰,均值1.11‰,而其206Pb/204Pb=16.973‰~17.068‰、207Pb/204Pb=15.322‰~15.394‰、208Pb/204Pb=37.323‰~37.491‰。流体包裹体研究以及H-O、S、C、Pb同位素结果表明,东闯金矿床的成矿流体主要来自深部岩浆,矿质主要来自太华群地层。该矿床为低盐度、中成、中高温岩浆热液型金矿床。 相似文献
19.
黔西北筲箕湾铅锌矿床成矿物质来源:Pb同位素证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
筲箕湾铅锌矿床位于扬子地块西南缘川滇黔相邻铅锌矿集区黔西北铅锌成矿区垭都―蟒硐断裂带,是贵州省有色金属及核工业地质勘探局近年发现的中型矿床。对该矿床原生矿体中主要矿石矿物黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿进行了Pb同位素组成分析,结果表明矿床Pb同位素组成变化不大,其中206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208 Pb/204 Pb的分布范围分别在18.616～18.686、15.682～15.728和39.067～39.181之间,在206 Pb/204 Pb-207 Pb/204 Pb和206 Pb/204 Pb-208 Pb/204 Pb图中,样品投影在上地壳铅平均演化线附近的狭小区域和区域基底岩石的Pb同位素组成范围之内,靠近不同时代碳酸盐地层以及川滇黔相邻矿集区滇东北成矿区会泽超大型铅锌矿床和黔西北成矿区天桥铅锌矿床,与震旦纪灯影组白云岩和峨眉山玄武岩分布范围存在明显差异。推测矿床成矿物质来源以基底岩石为主,区域上不同时代碳酸盐地层可能提供了部分成矿物质。 相似文献
20.
L. I. Rogulina V. G. Moiseenko E. G. Odarichenko E. N. Voropayeva 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2018,479(1):352-354
The S isotopic composition in the ore-forming minerals galena and sphalerite was studied in different Ag–Pb–Zn deposits of the region. It was pointed out that the δ34S modal values range from–1.2 to +6.7‰ in the minerals with a positive value for the skarn mineralization. In the flyschoid formation, the vein-type mineralization is characterized by negative and positive values. The narrow range of δ34S values indicates the marginal-continental type of the mineralization and the multiple origins of its sources. 相似文献