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通过野外海区挂板的方法,探讨高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)和聚氨酯(PUR)6种不同材料的塑料挂板对海月水母(Aurelia sp.1)附着的影响,分析不同塑料挂板表面粗糙度和海月水母附着的关系.研究结果表明:海月水母浮浪幼虫在夏末秋初可以附着在人工投放的塑料挂板附着基上,表明海岸带工程造成的人工附着基增多可能为海月水母的附着提供便利条件;海月水母螅状幼体在不同材料塑料挂板上的附着率有明显差异,PET、PUR和PVC塑料挂板海月水母螅状幼体附着率显著大于其他3种塑料挂板,其中PUR塑料挂板海月水母螅状幼体附着率最大,附着率为3.21±0.74 ind./cm2,HDPE塑料挂板海月水母螅状幼体附着率最低为0.26±0.08 ind./cm2;海月水母浮浪幼虫附着率与不同材料表面的粗糙度并不显著相关,表明塑料挂板材料的表面粗糙度并不是影响海月水母螅状幼体附着率的关键因子,而不同材料塑料挂板上形成的生物膜可能也对海月水母浮浪幼虫的附着产生影响.研究结果可为我国近岸海域有害水母海月水母暴发和防控研究提供一定的重要参考数据. 相似文献
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异硫氰酸苄酯（BITC）防污损作用研究：8.防污挂板试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以不同浓度（1,10,100,1000,10000mg／1）异硫氨酸等酯（BITC）浸泡处理木板和地砖两种材料,在青岛太平角海区挂板进行BITC防污作用研究。因BITC能被海水稀释,低浓度BITC（≤1000mg／1）处理的挂板不能有效抑制海洋污损生物的附着,但10000ms／1BITC处理的接板短期内对防止污损生物的附着有效。 相似文献
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沙筛贝(Mytilopsis sallei)属于软体动物门(Mollusca)双壳纲(Bivalvia)帘蛤目(Veneroida)饰贝科(Dreissenidae),也称萨氏仿贻贝.20世纪90年代初作为鱼虾饵料被引到厦门马銮湾,逐渐成为附着生物的优势种,严重影响贝类养殖.在厦门马銮湾水域设计挂板实验和采集沉积物中大型底栖动物,获得了外来物种沙筛贝与其他大型底栖动物的时空分布数据.SPSS统计软件回归分析表明,沙筛贝与网纹藤壶(Balanus reticulatus)在挂板的垂直分布上呈负相关,沙筛贝高密度(大于105个/m2)时能导致网纹藤壶死亡,其主要原因是沙筛贝附着在网纹藤壶壳壁上,抢夺网纹藤壶食物而导致其饿死.无论是在挂板上还是在沉积物中,小头虫(Capitella capitata)、凿贝才女虫(Polydoraciliata)的数量有随沙筛贝数量增加而增加的趋势,这是因为成团的沙筛贝有利于小头虫和凿贝才女虫的栖息. 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(9)
为探究不同材质人工鱼礁的附着效果,本研究选用玄武岩纤维(BF)、普通硅酸盐水泥(PC)、40%贝壳粉硅酸盐水泥(PF)和80%贝壳粉硅酸盐水泥(PE)4种礁体材料进行了海上挂板试验。挂板117 d后,在礁体上共鉴定出附着生物35种,其中内刺盘管虫(Hydroides ezoensis)为绝对优势种。在附着的生物种类方面PFPEPCBF(分别为27、26、15和11种);在附着的总生物量方面PEPFPCBF。Margalef种类丰富度指数(D)表现为PEPFPCBF;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)表现为PFPEPCBF;Pielou均匀度指数(J)表现为PFPCPEBF。添加贝壳粉的硅酸盐水泥挂板生物附着效果较好,优于普通硅酸盐水泥,适宜作为芙蓉岛海域海洋牧场人工鱼礁的礁体材料;而表面光滑的玄武岩纤维挂板生物附着效果较差,礁体表面制作工艺有待进一步研发。本研究中盘管虫属(Hydroides)与生物数量、附着厚度以及附着生物的物种数、多样性指数、总生物量都呈显著正相关(P0.05),盘管虫属生物的率先附着增加了鱼礁表面的空间异质性,这对于其他物种附着和生物多样性的增加发挥了积极的生态作用。本研究结果为莱州湾海域附着生物多样性的分析和人工鱼礁适宜材料的筛选提供了参考。 相似文献
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为研究海洋附着细菌的群落结构及动态变化,在厦门近岸海区进行挂板实验.将无菌玻璃板浸没于海水中,连续放置14 d.分别于放置1 h和7、14 d后取玻璃板上附着生物样品.用细菌通用引物构建16S rRNA基因克隆文库,每个克隆文库随机挑选约40个克隆子测序,序列同源性分析和系统进化分析结果表明,所有的克隆子可分为六大类群:γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、α-变形菌纲(α-Proteobacteria)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和真核硅藻类叶绿体,各类群分别占42.0%、4.5%、2.2%、2.2%、1.1%和45.0%.γ-变形菌纲变形斑沙雷氏菌(Serratia proteamaculans)为优势附着细菌,占测序克隆子的31.5%.这类细菌在1 h样品中的比例超过一半,说明变形斑沙雷氏菌在生物膜形成初期发挥着重要作用.随着挂板时间延长,检测到的细菌类群有所增加:附着7 d后检测到拟杆菌门细菌,附着14 d后检测到厚壁菌门细菌.γ-变形菌纲细菌所占比例随挂板时间的延长而逐渐降低,从挂板1 h的81%降至7 d的21%,14 d的18%.另外,在各阶段的附着样品中,都检测到较多的真核克隆子序列,约占16%～64%.本研究为进一步阐明海洋附着细菌的附着动态及其在生物膜形成过程中的作用奠定了基础. 相似文献
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近海污损生物的调查方法 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
近海海区污损生物调查有浮标挂板法和海上设施采样法，由于近海海区污损生物调查工作的特殊性和艰难性，笔者提出了利用已有的海上设施，尤其是固定式平台来积累近海污损生物资料，以便进行生态学研究。 相似文献
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湄洲湾附着生物与油污染生态学研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
１９９３年６月至１９９４年５月在湄洲湾炼油厂排污口进行附着生物挂板和海水含油量测定。对码头和浮标生物多样性做定量和定性取样。共记录１４７种生物，种类极其丰富，既有外海高暖水种，又有近岸广分布种，无冷水和河口低盐种。 相似文献
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舟山虾塘纹藤壶的繁殖生物学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用挂板试验方法,研究了舟山对虾养殖塘纹藤壶的繁殖生物学。底径为５．０～１２．０ｍｍ间的怀卵个体数量最多,怀卵率随底径的增大而升高;受精卵的卵径,随胚胎发育逐渐增大。幼体表现出随机分布的附着方式。底径增大、壳高增长和湿重增加是生长表观现象。 相似文献
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关于对虾池混养中的几个问题 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在两年围隔实验的基础上讨论了对虾池混养中存在的几个问题,认为：（1）虾池混养能够提高养殖产量和池塘氮磷的利用率,有助于缓解养殖对环境的污染,但由于养殖种类在池塘氮磷收支所占的比例很小,仅靠混养还不能彻底解决养殖污染问题;（2）罗非鱼与海产贝类的食物灶存在一定的分化。二者对虾池水质的影响具有互补性,因此虾鱼贝混养较虾鱼混养或虾贝混养效果更好。（3）对多个池塘组成的养殖系统的总体优化应是今后虾池生态系统结构优化研究的重要内容。 相似文献
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Effects of the mixture of β-ecdysone and polypodine -B (2 : 1 W/W) on the moulting and growth of prawn, Penaeus orientaliss were studied in laboratory by rearing the animal with the added compound diets. The results showed that the addition of the moulting hormone (M. H) mixture to compound diets, from 1. 33× 10-6 to 30×10-6, could increase moulting activity and growth rate of the prawn to different extents, among which the 5. 33× 10-6-10. 67×10-6addition had statistically significant effects. However, 60 × 10-6 added diets caused moulting and growth inhibitions and cuticle thickening. The analyses of protein, water and ash contents of the prawn showed no remarkable differences between hormone dosed animals and the control. 相似文献
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As part of a study of the reasons for declining commercial banana prawn catches in the Weipa area of the Gulf of Carpentaria, and in order to assess whether changes in predator numbers may be a factor influencing prawn numbers, the species composition, numbers and biomasses of fishes in the Embley estuary were re-examined in February 2005 for comparison with the results of a study between 1986 and 1990. The new study duplicated previous methods and used the same sampling sites and the same gear employed during February sampling periods from 1986 to 1990. Overall, the species diversity and catch rates, as well as the numbers of penaeid prawn predators had changed little over 20 years. The overall catch rate for 2005 was 37.4 g m−1 h−1, not significantly different from the overall catch rate of 32.8 g m−1 h−1 (SE 6.6) for the period from 1987 to 1989. The results are discussed in relation to environmental factors and climate change, as well as the substantial declines in prawn catches, which had fallen from over 800 tonnes per annum prior to 1998, to about 70 tonnes per annum. 相似文献
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Ａｃｏｍｐａｒａｔｉｖｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｏｆｖｉｔａｍｉｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｎａｔｕｒａｌａｎｄｔｈｅｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｄｐｒａｗｎ￥ＷａｎｇＡｎｌｉ；ＷａｎｇＷｅｉｎａ；ＬｉｕＣｕｎｑｉａｎｄＷａｎｇＳｕｏ＇ａｎ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＦｅｂｒ... 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
The Shark Bay trawl fishery is Western Australia's most valuable prawn fishery (worth AUD$25 million in 2014). The 18-vessel fleet targets western king prawns (Penaeus latisulcatus), brown tiger prawns (P. esculentus) and also retains saucer scallops (Ylistrum balloti) and blue swimmer crabs (Portunus armatus). Increased fuel prices, falling prawn prices and lower catches of other species, following extreme environmental events, have impacted fishery profits. A biomass dynamics model with an economic component indicated that total revenue levels start to decline when annual effort increases beyond ~ 200 fishing days per boat. Annual effort required to achieve MEY, when based solely on prawn fishing, is 115–150 days per boat after accounting for fixed and variable fishing costs and annual fishing efficiency increases of 1–2%. From 2007–2014, the adjusted effort was 188–192 days per boat. Fishing occurred between March and November during 7–8 fishing periods, separated by 5–8 day (low catchability) moon closure periods. An empirical daily profit assessment (2007–2015), accounting for recruitment variation, daily prawn size compositions, monthly market prices for different prawn species and sizes, and daily fishing costs, showed vessels made profits on ~ 115–160 days and losses on ~ 15–55 days per year, when fishing occurred near the full moon. The fishery benefitted in 2013–2015 by starting later in the year and better targeting within-season effort. This management strategy within the effort-control framework, which improved profitability, maintained higher spawning stocks and reduced ecosystem fishing impacts, has wider application in prawn fishery management. 相似文献
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JIANG Jinhua 《海洋学报(英文版)》2009,28(6):111-117
The bioaccumulation of ten polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners was investigated within different tissues in three prawns (Penaeusorientalis Kishinouce, Laomedia astacina de Haan and Penaeus vannamei Boone) and one mud crab (Scylla serrata Forsskal) from mixed-aquaculture ponds in Taizhou in April 2007. The average concentrations (wet mass) of Σ PCBs in muscle, head, and rind tissues for mean among these prawn species were 7.04, 21.16, and 11.47 ng/g, respectively. The average concentrations of Σ PCBs in muscle, branchia, and spawn in Scylla serrata were 6.49, 21.13, and 19.76 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of CB28 were the highest in prawn tissues (2.40 ng/g), and accounted for 18.60% of Σ PCBs. The concentration of CB52 was the lowest. The application of principal component analysis (PCA) for the estimation of PCB sources of contamination resulted in first component main contributions of CB101, CB153 and CB28 in the muscle, head, and rind in combined prawn samples, respectively. The enrichment level of Σ PCBs for different tissues varied greatly. The accumulation coefficient of Σ PCBs in prawn muscle, head, and rind tissues were 396.35, 1 191.79, and 645.91, respectively. For the Scylla serrata, the accumulation coefficients were 365.81, 1 190.50, and 1 113.31 for muscle, branchia, and spawn tissues, respectively. For prawns, the accumulation coefficient of CB153 was the highest in muscle tissues, while CB155 had the highest coefficients in the head and rind tissues. The CB155 coefficient was the highest in spawn tissues of the mud crab. 相似文献
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关于高等动物消化酶对食物组成的适应，很多学者己做了不少研究工作，如Ben Abdeljlil等对哺乳动物，川合真一郎等对鱼类的研究。但在甲壳动物方面，以往研究得较少。对虾具有消化蛋白质和淀粉的酶类，因此可在对虾饵料中加进含蛋白质和淀粉丰富的物质。如果饵料中这两种物质的含量增加，对虾肝胰脏蛋白酶和淀粉酶的分泌量也随着增加，即谓有适应，饵料中的蛋白质和淀粉便可被很好地消化、吸收和利用；相反，如果没有适应或适应程度低，在饵料中加进过多的蛋白质或淀粉将造成浪费。本文对中国对虾Penaeus orientalis的蛋白酶和淀粉酶对饵料中蛋白质和淀粉含量的适应及其适应程度和速度进行了研究。 相似文献
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The growing demand of prawn protein in the world has been demanding an increasing catch of prawn from the sea which, however, fails to meet the needs due to over exploitation. This ease has always been a keen subject among us fishery seientists. With the support and guidance of the Provincial Government of Shandong, the Shandong Fishery Bureau has been carrying out a project of "the Ex- 相似文献