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1.
大气中颗粒态总汞的测定 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
汞在大气中的化学行为对全球的生物地球化学循环起着极其重要的控制作用。大气汞主要包括气态单质汞(Hg~0)、气态活性汞(Hg~(2+))和颗粒态汞。尽管颗粒态总汞(TPM)占大气总汞的5％以下,但它却是大气汞干湿沉降的主要贡献者之一,对于汞在大气中的循环演化意义重大。大气中TPM的含量在Pg·m~(-3)量级上,因此建立TPM的可靠采集与分析方法非常必要。本文利用一种新开发的小型捕集管建立了测定大气中痕量TPM的方法。实验证明,采样流速为1．0～1．5L/min时,平行样的精密度高,最低检出限为2Pg;样品经2次循环分析其热解吸效率在99％以上,分析方法非常简单和省时。 相似文献
2.
本研究对贵阳市2001/12~2002/11和2009/12~2010/11两个年度大气气态总汞分别进行了为期1年的连续观测。结果显示,贵阳市大气气态总汞几何平均值由2001/2002年度的7.45±12.80ng/m3升高到2009/2010年度的8.88±7.06ng/m3,升高幅度为19%。2009/2010年度大气气态总汞(TGM)浓度的升高主要出现在冬季、秋季和春季,而其夏季的TGM浓度和2001/2002年度基本相当。另外,2009/2010年度白天TGM浓度较2001/2002年度的升高幅度(33%)明显大于夜间(7%)。贵阳市TGM升高的现象与贵阳市和贵州省人为源汞释放量增强的趋势是一致的,说明区域人为源汞释放的增加是贵阳市大气汞含量升高的首要原因。此外,中国内陆和中南半岛人为源汞释放强度的增强可能也是不可忽视的原因。 相似文献
3.
汞作为全球性污染物已经引起全球学者的极大关注[1,2]。它在大气中的化学行为对其全球的生物地球化学循环起着极其重要的控制作用[3]。95%以上的大气汞为气态汞(TGM)[4],气态汞主要包括气态单质汞(GEM)和活性气态汞(RGM)。大气汞背景参考值仅为1.5～2.0ng/m3[4],因此有必要建立 相似文献
4.
2013年9月至2016年8月对北京市气态元素汞(GEM)进行了连续监测并分析了其含量变化特征。结果显示,监测期间大气GEM总平均浓度为(2.77±1.27)ng/m~3,高于北半球背景值浓度,且其季节变化呈现多样性。2013/9~2014/8和2015/9~2016/8年大气GEM浓度秋冬季节较高,夏季较低;2014/9~2015/8年度则为冬季最低,主要是与大气汞的来源以及季风的风向、路径和风速明显相关。大气GEM浓度日变化为夜间高、白天低。大气GEM浓度与NO_2、SO_2、PM_(2.5)等大气污染物浓度呈明显正相关,雾霾气象条件下细颗粒污染物(PM_(2.5))在低空累积及逆温气象条件易导致大气GEM浓度升高。2004年以来,北京市大气GEM浓度降低的现象与工业燃煤消费总量降低的趋势相同,表明北京市对燃煤等人为排放源的控制在很大程度上降低了大气汞浓度。 相似文献
5.
黑龙江黑土区农田土壤/大气界面汞交换通量特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用动力学通量箱与Tekran 2537B气态汞分析仪技术,对黑龙江省黑土区农田土壤/大气界面汞交换通量进行了实地监测,结果显示不同地区黑土的汞交换通量存在显著差异,7个监测点土壤/大气界面汞交换通量均值为(69.46±37.08)ng·m-2·h-1,接近我国典型城市城区土壤/大气界面汞交换通量平均水平。影响因素分析显示,土壤汞含量影响土壤释汞能力,汞交换通量与总辐射强度、土壤温度、土壤湿度和风速呈显著正相关,与相对湿度呈显著负相关,与大气压不相关。 相似文献
6.
《地质科技情报》2017,(5)
民间小规模金矿混汞冶炼活动因缺乏环保措施常常造成周围环境严重的汞污染,目前已被认定为全球最大的人为汞污染排放源。福建省德化县山区土壤汞含量异常升高和该地区民间小规模金矿冶炼活动密切相关,对当地土壤总汞、大气总汞污染分布及土壤表面汞释放的调查研究表明:金矿区周边村子稻田土壤汞平均质量分数达(5.180±7.191)mg/kg,距金矿最近民间冶炼活动最集中的邱村稻田总汞质量分数平均值达到(15.658±12.726)mg/kg,随着距离金矿点越远民间冶炼活动减少,土壤总汞含量呈下降趋势。区域大气总汞平均质量浓度为(36.4±24.3)ng/m~3,邱村大气总汞质量浓度平均值(77.2±42.4)ng/m~3;工作区4个土-气界面汞通量均值分别为:华口(109.6±55.9)ng/(m~2h),邱村(97.1±36.1)ng/(m~2h),大安(63.5±12.6)ng/(m~2h),中仙(25.9±23.5ng/(m~2h)。因地形复杂,微气象条件差异及土地利用差异等综合因素制约,土壤汞含量与大气总汞含量、释放通量间没有显著相关关系,华口测点土壤释汞通量最大。工作区民间金矿冶炼活动历史造成当地环境的汞污染及其环境影响将长期存在。 相似文献
7.
为探讨萍乡市元旦至元宵期间空气质量变化情况及其中PM2.5及PM10中的碳、氮来源,2017年1月1日至2月16日在萍乡市进行了在线空气质量监测,采集了PM2.5、PM10滤膜气溶胶样品并进行了总氮(TN)、总碳(TC)浓度以及δ15N、δ13C组成。结果表明,采样期间空气的PM2.5浓度为(82.45±43.04)μg/m^3;PM10、SO_2和NO_2浓度分别为(112.98±68.66)μg/m^3、(23.85±14.32)μg/m^3和(32.68±14.4)μg/m^3。样品的PM2.5和PM10的TN、TC浓度分别为(9.73±5.99)μg/m^3、(12.68±9.53)μg/m^3和(15.15±7.9)μg/m^3、(18.7±9.11)μg/m^3,δ15N、δ13C分别为6.32‰±4.11‰、6.89‰±4.44‰和-25.1‰±0.89‰、-25.55‰±1.25‰。在元旦和春节期间,发生了空气污染事件,元旦期间平均PM2.5、PM10、NO_2和SO_2浓度均高于春节期间,推断元旦污染事件可能是由气象条件导致污染物聚集所引起,而春节污染事件可能是由烟花爆竹燃放释放的SO_2和大量的颗粒物进入大气所致。采样期间和两个空气污染事件的δ15N和δ13C组成相似,其主来源均可能为机动车尾气和煤燃烧排放及部分C_3植物燃烧。 相似文献
8.
贵州省普定水库水体及沉积物孔隙水中汞的含量和形态分布初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了弄清楚普定水库汞的地球化学循环特征,用金汞齐-冷原子荧光光谱法(CVAFS)和气相色谱技术(GC), 研究了乌江流域上游普定水库水体剖面和沉积物间隙水剖面汞的赋存形态(总汞 THg)、溶解态汞(DHg)、活性汞(RHg)、颗粒态汞(PHg)、总甲基汞(TMeHg)、溶解态甲基汞(DMeHg)和颗粒态甲基汞(PMeHg)的分布特征.结果显示,普定水库水体总汞浓度为1.29～3.18 ng/L, 活性汞浓度为0.09～0.43 ng/L, 总甲基汞浓度为0.06～0.18 ng/L.沉积物间隙水中溶解态汞浓度为2.65 ～11.47 ng/L, 溶解态甲基汞浓度为0.06 ～1.16 ng/L.实验数据表明,普定水库水体中溶解态汞和颗粒态含量相当,其中颗粒态汞占总汞的比例为46%,并与总汞存在极显著相关性(R=0.929,n=20,P＜0.01),溶解态汞与总汞相关性不明显(R=-0.067,n=20);冬季普定水库甲基汞以溶解态甲基汞为主,溶解态甲基汞占总甲基汞的比例为63%,溶解态甲基汞与总甲基汞无明显相关关系(R=0.292,n=20),颗粒态甲基汞与总甲基汞存在极显著的相关性(R=0.815,n=20,P＜0.01).试验数据表明沉积物孔隙水溶解态汞与溶解态甲基汞浓度明显高于上覆水体, 是普定水库水体中汞的一个重要来源. 相似文献
9.
通过对大流量24h连续采样的总悬浮微粒滤膜进行Pb、Cd、Ni金属元素浓度值测试分析，初步摸清了贵阳市大气总悬浮微粒中这三种金属元素的浓度范围、污染现状及形成原因。 相似文献
10.
活性炭对无机汞和苯基汞的吸附行为探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验了活性炭对无机汞和苯基汞的吸附和解吸行为。结果表明，在活性炭用量为0．2g，ψ=0．5％的王水介质中搅拌1．5h，无机汞和苯基汞的吸附率均达96％以上，无机汞和苯基汞的吸附容量分别为82．5μg/g和66．0μg/g。吸附后的无机汞和苯基汞分别用含有60mg EDTA的2．8mol/L HNO3溶液和5．6mol/L HNO3-1．0mol/L H2SO4溶液定量洗脱，用冷原子吸收光谱法测定，实现了无机汞和苯基汞的定量分离。对2μg/L的无机汞和苯基汞进行测定，相对标准偏差(n=11)分别为5．4％和6．2％。在实际水样中加标回收和测定，无机汞和苯基汞的回收率分别为97．8％～108％、94．0％～106％。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献