共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 546 毫秒
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溶液的体积性质是工业生产中常用的控制参数,也是深层海水、盐湖卤水等天然水体系的研究所需要关注的。通过实验测量和Pitzer离子相互作用模型相结合的方法研究了283.15～323.15 K下MgCl_2-CaCl_2-H_2O混合溶液在不同离子强度(I=4.5,9.0,13.5 mol·kg~(-1))下的体积性质,包括混合溶液的密度、表观摩尔体积和超额体积,并用Pitzer离子相互模型拟合了MgCl_2-CaCl_2-H_2O混合溶液的体积参数。模型的密度计算值和实验值的差值均在±4×10~(-3) g·cm~(-3)以内,表明模型的计算值和实验值吻合良好。 相似文献
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为解决无人机数量的快速增长导致其对地面尤其是城市内运行风险的提升,提高无人机的运行效率,减少无人机对地面人群造成的威胁,需基于人群密度对无人机制定特定的路径规划。然而,现阶段对无人机进行路径规划时仍以静态人口统计数据作为地面风险的分析依据,未能根据人群密度的时空变化特征对无人机进行实时路径规划。论文首先分析城市路网人群密度时空数据特征;其次,利用卷积神经网络对不同区域的人群密度进行预测;最后,根据已预测的人群密度数据,利用改进A*算法对无人机进行实时路径规划及风险评估。使用该模型对北京上空无人机路径进行规划,结果显示,无人机运行风险降低了76%,可为无人机交通管理系统实时路径规划功能的建立提供理论参考。 相似文献
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采用等温溶解平衡法测定了含锂、硼硼酸盐水溶液体系在35℃时的溶解度、密度和折光率，根据实验数据，绘制了相应的溶解度图、密度图、折光率图和pH值图。该体系溶解度相图包含一个共饱点，两个单盐结晶区，分别为结晶相区较大的（L+ Mg2B6O11·15H2O）和结晶相区较小的（L + K2B4O7·4H2O），溶液体系中没有固溶体和复盐产生。溶液的密度、折光率和pH值随着硼酸钾溶液的浓度增大而呈现与规律的变化，并采用半经验公式对溶液的密度和折光率进行计算，计算值和实验值吻合较好。 相似文献
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基于环境相关法的土壤属性空间分布特征研究——以黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域为例 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
在横山县朱家沟小流域采集111个样点,分析土壤属性与地形因子相互关系,进行空间预测分析。结果表明:土壤密度与复合地形指数CTI显著正相关,土壤有机质与复合地形指数CTI、汇流动力指数SPI、沉积物运移指数STI显著负相关,全磷只与坡度β显著负相关。多元线性逐步回归模型对于土壤密度和有机质拟合较好,而对于全磷,预测结果较差;回归-克里格预测有效地减小了残差,消除了平滑效应,预测极差更宽,对于局部的变异及地形、土地利用的关系体现更为细化,提高了预测精度。 相似文献
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研究了三元体系Li~+,Mg~(2+)∥SO_4~(2-)—H_2O在25℃时的相关系和平衡液相的密度、粘度、折光率、电导等物化性质,该体系为简单共饱型,两段溶解度曲线对应于体系的两种原始组份Li_2SO_4·H_2O和MgSO_4·7H_2O的结晶区,无复盐和固溶体形成,亦无脱水作用发生,应用电解质溶液Pitzer模型检测该体系25C的溶解度,并用经验或半经验公式对平衡液相的密度和折光率进行了理论计算,计算值与实验值非常接近。 相似文献
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选取美国国家环境预测中心气候预测系统(CFS)第二版预测的南大洋(40oS—80oS)夏季海温、海洋性大陆地区(100oE—130oE,10oN—15oS)春季海温以及南半球热带外(20oS—90oS)春季海平面气压3个预测因子,利用奇异值分析的方法提取相关信息,采用回归模型对南极夏季海冰场进行预测。从该模式对1983—2018年南极夏季海冰密集度异常值的回报效果看,模型的预测技巧较CFS原始预测有显著的提高。对单格点上预测与实测的时间相关系数提高到0.76;从交叉检验的结果来看,预测技巧较CFS同样有显著提高;从对南极海冰范围的预测来看,该模型的预测效果最好,明显优于CFS原始预测和持续性预测。这些结果表明,该模型具有较高的预测性能。 相似文献
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Xia Li Jinqiang He Xiaoping Liu 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):839-857
Conventional methods have difficulties in forming optimal paths when raster data are used and multi‐objectives are involved. This paper presents a new method of using ant colony optimization (ACO) for solving optimal path‐covering problems on unstructured raster surfaces. The novelty of this proposed ACO includes the incorporation of a couple of distinct features which are not present in classical ACO. A new component, the direction function, is used to represent the ‘visibility’ in the path exploration. This function is to guide an ant walking toward the final destination more efficiently. Moreover, a utility function is proposed to reflect the multi‐objectives in planning applications. Experiments have shown that classical ACO cannot be used to solve this type of path optimization problems. The proposed ACO model can generate near optimal solutions by using hypothetical data in which the optimal solutions are known. This model can also find the near optimal solutions for the real data set with a good convergence rate. It can yield much higher utility values compared with other common conventional models. 相似文献
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本文叙述了多压测定法的基本原理和等压设备的发展状况，等压法对二元、三元、多元水盐体系在各个不同温度下热力学性质的研究进行了总结，从而进一步证实了Pitzer方程对水盐体系的适用性。对Zdanovskii规则的发展进行了概括。 相似文献
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应用电导法测定了HCl在水和异丙醇混合溶剂中的活度系数,讨论了电解质溶液活度系数与温度和浓度的关系。 相似文献
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应用电导法测定了LiCl水溶液的活度系数,首先在288~308 K温度范围内测定LiCl在极性水溶剂中的电导率,利用公式计算LiCl的摩尔电导率,应用Debye-Hücker和Osager-falkenhangen公式计算LiCl在水中的活度系数,并讨论了温度和浓度对LiCl水溶液活度系数的影响。 相似文献
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Wei Xu Yunjia Ma Xiujuan Zhao Ying Li Lianjie Qin Juan Du 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(2):236-256
The accurate location and allocation of disaster emergency shelters are key components of effective urban planning and emergency management. Various models have been developed to solve the location-allocation problem, but gaps remain with regard to model realism and associated applicability. For the available location and allocation models of earthquake emergency shelters, uncertainty with respect to earthquake hazard, population exposure, rate of damage to buildings and the effects of evacuee behavior are often neglected or oversimplified. Moreover, modifying the models can be an alternative means of improving the solution quality when the optimization algorithm has difficulty coping with a complex, high-dimensional problem. This article develops a scenario-based hybrid bilevel model that addresses the concerns related to high-dimensional complexity and provides a higher degree of realism by incorporating the uncertainties of population dynamics and earthquake damage scenarios into location-allocation problems for earthquake emergency shelters. A modified particle swarm optimization algorithm combined with a simulated annealing algorithm was applied to derive solutions using the hybrid bilevel model and a conventional multi-objective model, and the solutions obtained using the two models were then compared. The novel features of the study include the hybrid bilevel model that considers the dynamic number of evacuees and its implementation for earthquake emergency shelter location and allocation. The results show that the solutions significantly differ between daytime and nighttime. When applied to the multi-objective model, the optimization algorithm is time consuming and may only find the local optima and provide suboptimal solutions in the considered scenarios with more evacuees. By contrast, the hybrid bilevel model shows more desirable performance because it significantly reduces the dimensionality of the location-allocation problem based on a two-step-to-reach approach. The proposed hybrid bilevel model is proven to be useful for optimal shelter allocation, and the presented results can be used as a reference for balancing the interests of the government and residents during the planning of shelters in Beijing. 相似文献
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Finite element analysis of flow patterns near geological lenses in hydrodynamic and hydrothermal systems 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Chongbin Zhao B. E. Hobbs H. B. Mühlhaus & A. Ord 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,138(1):146-158
We use theoretical and numerical methods to investigate the general pore-fluid flow patterns near geological lenses in hydrodynamic and hydrothermal systems respectively. Analytical solutions have been rigorously derived for the pore-fluid velocity, stream function and excess pore-fluid pressure near a circular lens in a hydrodynamic system. These analytical solutions provide not only a better understanding of the physics behind the problem, but also a valuable benchmark solution for validating any numerical method.
Since a geological lens is surrounded by a medium of large extent in nature and the finite element method is efficient at modelling only media of finite size, the determination of the size of the computational domain of a finite element model, which is often overlooked by numerical analysts, is very important in order to ensure both the efficiency of the method and the accuracy of the numerical solution obtained. To highlight this issue, we use the derived analytical solutions to deduce a rigorous mathematical formula for designing the computational domain size of a finite element model. The proposed mathematical formula has indicated that, no matter how fine the mesh or how high the order of elements, the desired accuracy of a finite element solution for pore-fluid flow near a geological lens cannot be achieved unless the size of the finite element model is determined appropriately.
Once the finite element computational model has been appropriately designed and validated in a hydrodynamic system, it is used to examine general pore-fluid flow patterns near geological lenses in hydrothermal systems. Some interesting conclusions on the behaviour of geological lenses in hydrodynamic and hydrothermal systems have been reached through the analytical and numerical analyses carried out in this paper. 相似文献
Since a geological lens is surrounded by a medium of large extent in nature and the finite element method is efficient at modelling only media of finite size, the determination of the size of the computational domain of a finite element model, which is often overlooked by numerical analysts, is very important in order to ensure both the efficiency of the method and the accuracy of the numerical solution obtained. To highlight this issue, we use the derived analytical solutions to deduce a rigorous mathematical formula for designing the computational domain size of a finite element model. The proposed mathematical formula has indicated that, no matter how fine the mesh or how high the order of elements, the desired accuracy of a finite element solution for pore-fluid flow near a geological lens cannot be achieved unless the size of the finite element model is determined appropriately.
Once the finite element computational model has been appropriately designed and validated in a hydrodynamic system, it is used to examine general pore-fluid flow patterns near geological lenses in hydrothermal systems. Some interesting conclusions on the behaviour of geological lenses in hydrodynamic and hydrothermal systems have been reached through the analytical and numerical analyses carried out in this paper. 相似文献