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本文根据淮北宿南矿区的电测深及水文地质资料,利用含水层的横向电阻(经地下水电阻率影响因素校正)与含水层导水系数的相关关系?)计算出含水层各测点的水文地质参数,并且绘制出矿区水文地质参数等值线图,提高水文电法勘探的地质效果。 相似文献
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《地下水》2020,(3)
簸箕田Ⅰ金矿矿区位于黔中山原向广西峰林平原过度的斜坡地带,为典型的岩溶山区。通过对矿区水文地质结构、地下水流场、断裂构造导水性及矿床顶(底)板围岩的临界冒落突水条件进行分析,采用有限边界条件下稳定流及比拟法经验公式对矿坑涌水量进行预测,结果显示:矿区在纵向上从下至上的水文地质构成依次为:茅口组岩溶含水层—构造蚀变体隔水层—龙潭组至夜郎组一段基岩裂隙含水层(相对隔水层)—夜郎组二段岩溶含水层,其中夜郎组二段顶板冒落导水和底板茅口组岩溶承压水突水的可能性均较低,二岩溶含水层仅通过导水构造及节理裂隙对矿床间接充水;采用有限边界条件稳定流经验公式预测最低开采标高(700 m)矿坑正常涌水量为4 684 m3/d,与采用相邻水银洞金矿井下排水资料比拟法计算的5 272 m3/d结果颇为接近,说明矿区水文地质条件概化、参数取值总体合理,其计算结果可信。研究结果为矿床的经济技术评价及开采设计提供了技术依据。 相似文献
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《中国煤炭地质》2015,(12)
山西省柳林县地方煤矿众多,各生产煤矿受"太灰"、"奥灰"岩溶水的威胁十分严重,但对整个矿区内含水层的水文地质特征认识程度较低。在山西省柳林县兼并重组整合煤矿区水文地质补充勘探项目基础上,通过研究柳林矿区内各含水层的地下水化学特征,进一步提升该区对煤矿开采有影响的含水层地下水赋存规律的认识程度,确定了柳林矿区主要含水层的特征离子,为今后矿井突水水源的研究判别提供依据;同时通过水化学同位素特征揭示了矿区内奥陶系含水层的补给、径流、排泄条件,即矿区地下水补给来源为大气降水,矿区位于柳林泉域岩溶地下水的集中排泄区下游,区内岩溶地下水径流滞缓、水循环条件差。 相似文献
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由于强烈的非均质性,如何识别岩溶裂隙含水层水文地质参数是一个由来已久的难题。本文利用焦作矿区、荥巩矿区及永夏矿区生产矿井大流量、长时间的排水资料进行识别岩溶裂隙水含水层的水文地质参数,计算结果发现：K值均在100m/d量级上,μ＊值均在10^-3量级上,与孔隙含水层的值相当;用识别的参数预算矿井涌水量与区域降雨补给量接近,回报水位及给定条件下排水量误差均不超过2%。结果表明,可以用渗流理论模型对管道流、裂隙流进行概化处理。研究成果提出矿区岩溶裂隙地下水参数计算的新方法,为防控矿坑突水、安全生产提供了新思路。 相似文献
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中黄页铁矿位于河南省卢氏县黄叶村,为水文地质条件中等的岩溶充水矿床。本文通过分析矿区水文地质条件、矿床充水水源和途径,对矿区水文地质参数进行了分析计算,分别采用补给量法和"大井法"开采过程中的涌水量进行了计算预测,结果显示:中黄页铁矿含水层属于岩溶裂隙水含水层,充水含水层富水性较差,渗透性较弱。矿区断裂构造发育,多充填,富水性较弱。根据补给量法预测矿坑平均涌水量为729 m~3/d,大井法预测矿坑最大涌水量为2 508 m~3/d。研究结果将为未来矿山开发设计中防水方案的制订提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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《中国煤炭地质》2017,(5)
根据六盘水矿区马临煤矿地质条件背景以及矿井地质资料的分析,论述了矿井水文地质特征、充水因素,并在此基础上采用比拟法及解析法对研究区矿井涌水量进行了预算。结果显示:开采C8煤层以上煤层以裂隙含水层为主,属于水文地质条件简单的矿床类型;开采C12煤层时,煤层间接底板茅口组灰岩岩溶含水层对矿床充水将占主导地位,水文地质条件转变为复杂的岩溶充水矿床类型,存在较大的突水危险;根据含水层水文地质条件的不同,研究区含煤地层涌水量采用比拟法预算,结果为2402.43 m~3/d;茅口组岩溶含水层采用解析法预算,结果为7570.68m~3/d;研究区最大涌水量为平均涌水量的2.4倍,建议采用23935.45m~3/d作为今后矿井选择排水设备的依据。 相似文献
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在分析矿区及邻矿水文地质资料的基础上,结合所施工的8个水文地质钻孔的单孔抽水和群孔抽水试验,对矿区含(隔)水层的水文地质条件以及井田边界的进行了研究,认为当矿井开采1煤组时,顶板砂岩水和底板岩溶水为其直接充水含水层,砂岩水以静储量为主,它不会对矿井开采1煤组造成大的危害;底板奥灰岩溶水与太灰水之间联系较紧密,前者补给后者,是矿井突水是防治水研究的重点。得出了本矿1煤组的水文地质条件是岩溶裂隙水以底板突水的形式向矿床充水为主,水文地质复杂程度为中等类型的结论,从而为矿井水害的防治与矿井设计提供了依据。 相似文献
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Well Tester是计算地热含水层水文地质参数的软件,该软件通过对水压力过程曲线进行拟合,进行参数计算。该软件界面友好、操作简单,且具有输出单井报告功能。文章对Well Tester软件各模块及各界进行简要介绍的基础上,以＂北京岩溶水资源勘查评价工程＂中新建岩溶水井为例,对各个操作步骤进行了介绍。通过对比分析Well Tester软件与经验法的结果,表明该软件可对岩溶裂隙含水层的水文地质参数进行计算,且该软件对成井质量评价有一定指导意义。目前该软件还未广泛应用于岩溶裂隙含水层,为获取较多的水文地质参数,笔者认为该软件在我国具有一定的推广价值。 相似文献
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霍州矿区下组煤炭资源储量占总储量的53％以上，但由于下组煤层底板标高普遍低于其下部奥陶系石灰岩岩溶裂隙含水层水位。加之矿区内构造发育，水文地质条件复杂，对下组煤的开采构成了威胁。通过对霍州矿区水文地质条件的分析与研究认为。各井田下组煤开采受岩溶水威胁的程度不尽相同。为保障矿井安全生产，要有针对性实施各井田下煤组的开采方法及防突水措施。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献