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1.
海南岛秋季非热带气旋暴雨特性分析及预报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对海南岛秋季非热带气旋暴雨特性的分析发现,暴雨的发生,维持和消失主要与大陆冷高,南海低值系统,热带云团活动密切相关,暴雨一般与华南沿海的低空偏东风急流相伴,Ｔ１０６流场预报为低空急流的生消预报提供了一个客观依据,文章还对Ｔ１０６多个物理量场作了误差分析。 相似文献
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梅雨期武汉地区暴雨预报难度较大,今根据1959年到1979年的28次的暴雨过程,从低空急流及低值系统两方面进行分析。一、低空急流与暴雨关系 1.低空急流标准:850或700mb任一层上芷江、长沙和南昌三站中有二站出现偏南风,风速≥12米/秒,定为低空急流。 2.低空急流与暴雨关系的统计分析: 从1959到1979年梅雨期的28次暴雨过程中,24小时前出现低空急流有23次,占82％;还有5次先出现降水,然后低空急流才建立。 (1)低空急流形成的方式: 从500mb上分析,低空急流形成主要有两种方式: 相似文献
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浙北梅雨季低空急流特征及其与暴雨的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用2004-2011年常规探空资料、浙江北部雨量资料和2011年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对梅雨季影响浙北的西南低空急流进行统计,并在此基础上对急流活动与浙北暴雨的关系进行了分析,为浙江北部梅雨期暴雨的预报提供实际参考价值.结果表明:西南风低空急流在700 hPa层上出现次数最多,自上而下减少,其活动有明显的日变化特征,早晨增强,傍晚减弱;在不同类型的低空急流中,以SJ型、DJU型和TJ型居多,而DJL型急流偏少.浙北梅雨季暴雨发生前近90％伴有急流活动,其中DJU型急流较多;夜间暴雨比白天暴雨更依赖于低空急流,夜间暴雨发生前12h即有低空急流建立.2011年6月中旬的暴雨集中期对应着两次西南风低空急流的增强过程,低空急流最大风速出现在600 hPa附近并向低层伸展. 相似文献
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本文分析了产生暴雨的大气热力条件和暴雨与特定低空急流的关系。发现某些物理量在暴雨开始前18—30小时有突变现象。这种现象在其它的段不明显。把上述物理量组合成暴雨落区预报指数。在确定有暴雨产生的情况下,该指数参考低空急流的特定位置,能预报未来24小时前后暴雨产生的范围,7年来预报准确率在80%以上。这个方法对大雨落区预报也有参考价值。 相似文献
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利用常规资料、数值预报产品对2003年4月18日发生的暴雨做了重点分析,并将其与汛期暴雨进行对比。结果表明：二者在环流形势、动力条件和低空急流方面存在着明显差异,汛期暴雨涡度、散度、垂直运动场较强,而非汛期暴雨冷空气强度相对较强,低空急流也较强。 相似文献
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T106数值预报产品在中期大—暴雨预报中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对Ｔ１０６数值预报产品性能及其对暴雨预报的能力进行了检验,找出了Ｔ１０６物理量预报场与我区大－暴雨的相关关系,建立了基于灰色预测的逐日降水滚动预报模型,该模型对我区降水有一定的预报能力。 相似文献
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广东省热带海洋气象研究所天气研究室 《大气科学》1977,1(2):99-104
近年来,气象工作者对低空急流的存在以及它和某些激烈降水的联系,作了日益增多的分析,引起了广泛的重视。对南海地区和华南的低空急流的存在,我们已给以注意和证实,并作过较为详细的个例分析,初步了解到华南前汛期低空急流的某些特征。本文试图在以往工作的基础上,进一步分析和概括华南前汛期低空急流过程的一般规律、天气特点和预报着眼点,为改进我省前汛期暴雨预报提供线索。我们重点分析了1974年4—6月的16次低空急流过程和1971—1974年4—6月14次本省重大暴雨过程,并且以850毫巴等压面西南风为代表,规定由北向南移的低空急流到达长沙以后,由南向北移的到达西沙以后才进行分析。 相似文献
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贵州省2011年5月11日暴雨天气过程分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
该文根据贵州省七要素自动气象站雨量资料、区域自动气象站雨量资料、Micaps常规资料,应用天气学原理和方法对2011年5月10日20时—11日20时（北京时下同）发生在贵州省东南部的区域性暴雨天气过程进行综合分析,期望加深对低空急流与低涡切变共同导致贵州暴雨的认识,丰富这类天气系统配合下的贵州暴雨天气分析个例,为将来建立低空急流与低涡切变配合型贵州暴雨天气模型积累个例档案,为今后此类贵州暴雨预报与服务提供参考。结果表明：西南低空急流、低层切变辐合是形成此次暴雨的直接影响系统。低空急流向暴雨区提供了大量的水汽、能量和垂直上升运动条件,对此次暴雨天气过程的产生起主导作用。暴雨落区位于：六盘水市东部、黔西南州东部及南部,安顺地区南部,黔南州中部及南部,黔东南州大部,此天气系统配置对贵州暴雨落区预报具有指导性。此次区域性暴雨具有明显的MCC特征。 相似文献
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An extreme monsoonal heavy rainfall event lasted for nine days and recurred in the interior of northern south China from June 13 to 21, 2022. Using regional meteorological stations and ERA5 reanalysis data, the causes of this extreme monsoonal rainfall event in south China were analyzed and diagnosed. The results are shown as follows. A dominant South Asian high tended to be stable near the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, providing favorable upper-level dispersion conditions for the occurrence of heavy rainfall in south China. A western Pacific subtropical high dominated the eastern part of the South China Sea, favoring stronger and more northward transport of water vapor to the northern part of south China at lower latitudes than normal. The continuous heavy precipitation event can be divided into two stages. The first stage (June 13-15) was the frontal heavy rainfall caused by cold air (brought by an East Asian trough) from the mid-latitudes that converged with a monsoonal airflow. The heavy rains occurred mostly in the area near a shear in front of the center of a synoptic-system-related low-level jet (SLLJ), and the jet stream and precipitation were strongest in the daytime. The second stage (June 16-21) was the warm-sector heavy rainfall caused by a South China Sea monsoonal low-level jet penetrating inland. The heavy rainfall occurred on the windward slope of the Nanling Mountains and in the northern part of a boundary layer jet (BLJ). The BLJ experienced five nighttime enhancements, corresponding well with the enhancement of the rainfall center, showing significant nighttime heavy rainfall characteristics. Finally, a conceptual diagram of inland-type warm-sector heavy rainfall in south China is summarized. 相似文献
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运用2001年和2002年7个热带气旋 (TC) 登陆华南前后的38个日降水量、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及卫星云图, 经普查和分析将TC造成的降水区划分为纬向型、经向型、NE—SW向型3种; 对各型高、中、低层中的主要气象因子作了详细分析, 如高层流场、中层副热带高压、低层急流和切变线或辐合线、整层水汽通量散度以及季风云涌等, 在此基础上归纳概括出了这些降水型各自前24 h的大尺度环境场特征概略模型图, 并对其强降水形成机理尽可能地给出了解释, 为TC登陆前后的超短期降水预报提供某种参考方法。 相似文献
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Peng WEI Xin XU Ming XUE Chenyue ZHANG Yuan WANG Kun ZHAO Ang ZHOU Shushi ZHANG Kefeng ZHU 《大气科学进展》2023,40(3):337-349
An extremely heavy rainfall event occurred in Zhengzhou, China, on 20 July 2021 and produced an hourly rainfall rate of 201.9 mm, which broke the station record for mainland China. Based on radar observations and a convection-permitting simulation using the WRF-ARW model, this paper investigates the multiscale processes, especially those at the mesoscale,that support the extreme observed hourly rainfall. Results show that the extreme rainfall occurred in an environment characteristic of warm-sec... 相似文献
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Organized warm-sector rainfall(OWSR) near the coast of South China tends to occur in certain synoptic situations characterized with either a low-level jet or an anticyclone, with the latter being less investigated. This paper fills the gap by analyzing 15 OWSR events that occurred in an anticyclone synoptic situation during the pre-summer rainy season of 2011–2016, based on high-resolution observational and reanalysis data. The results show that the anticyclone synoptic situation produces marked northerly boundary-layer winds inland and obvious northeasterly,easterly/southwesterly, and southeasterly boundary-layer winds near the coasts of eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong, and Guangxi, respectively. The coastal boundary-layer winds promote favorable environmental conditions and strong convergence for convection initiation; consequently, OWSR is prone to occur near the coasts of western Guangdong and Guangxi, but exhibits different formation and propagation features in the following two subareas.(1) The southeasterly boundary-layer winds tend to converge near the border area between Guangxi and Guangdong(BGG), promoting the formation of a stable convective line along the mountains. The convective line persists with support of upper-level southwesterly winds that facilitate convective cells to propagate along the convective line, producing heavy OWSR along the mountains near BGG.(2) In contrast, a west–east convective line tends to form and maintain near the coast of Yangjiang(YJ) area, about 200 km east of BGG, owing to stable convergence between the easterly(or southwesterly) and the northerly boundary-layer winds reinforced by the mountains near YJ. Moreover, the coupling of upper-level westerly winds with the easterly(southwesterly) boundary-layer winds facilitates expansion(eastward propagation) of the convective line, causing west–east-oriented heavy OWSR near the coast of YJ. In a word, this study reveals refined properties of OWSR initiation and development in the anticyclone synoptic situation, which may help improve the forecast skill of OWSR during the pre-summer rainy season in South China. 相似文献
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THE STUDY OF STORM RAINFALL CAUSED BY INTERACTION BETWEEN THE NON-ZONAL HIGH LEVEL JET STREAK AND TYPHOON IN THE DISTANCE 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
In this paper, statistics were analyzed concerning correlation between the storm rainfall far from
typhoon and non-zonal upper-level jet stream. The results show that the jet stream at 200 hPa is constantly SW
(90.2 %) during the period in which storm rainfall occurs. Rainfall area lies in the right rear regions of the jet
axes. While the storm intensifies, the jet tends to be stronger and turn non-zonal. With the MM4 model, numerical
simulation and diagnosis were carried out for Typhoon No.9711 (Winnie) on August 19 to 20, 1997.
The distant storm rainfall is tightly correlative to the jet and low-level typhoon trough. The divergence field of
jet is related to the v component. The upper level can cause the allobaric wind convergence at low level. This is
the result of the form of low-level typhoon trough and the strength of the storm. By scale analysis, it is found
that there is a branch of middle scale transverse inverse circulation in the right entrance regions behind the jet
below the 300-hPa level, which is very important to the maintenance and strengthening of storm rainfall. This
branch of inverse circulation is relative to the reinforcement of jet's non-zonal characteristics. From the field of mesoscale divergence field and non-zonal wind field, we know that the stronger symmetry caused by transverse
circulation in the two sides of the jet, rainfall’s feedback and reinforcement of jet’s non-zonal characteristics
had lead to positive feedback mechanism that was favorable of storm rainfall’s strengthening. 相似文献
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华南连续性特大致洪暴雨个例分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用气象常规观测资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,从越赤道气流、降水时空分布以及过程开始、持续和结束环流时特征等方面对2005年6月18~24日华南连续性特大致洪暴雨过程进行了分析。结果发现,暴雨的空间分布有着双雨带特征,即南北两条雨带,北面雨带对应着切变线,南面的雨带对应着低空急流;暴雨开始前及暴雨过程中,索马里附近一直维持强盛的越赤道气流,同时在100°~160°E之间也有越赤道气流活动并有西进现象;500hPa西风槽、850hPa切变线是这次过程开始和维持的重要系统;华南上空对流层高层东风的建立是这次过程结束时重要特征;南海北部至广东上空低空急流中心风速的周期性脉动与广东强降水的日变化现象有着很好的对应关系。 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测、地面区域气象站逐小时观测数据、FY-2G云顶亮温、喀什CR/CC雷达产品及NCEP再分析等资料,对比分析南疆西部2020年4月17—24日和2021年6月15—17日(分别简称“过程1”、“过程2”)两次极端暴雨过程环流背景和短时强降水环境条件、中尺度特征。结果表明：两次过程均发生在500 h Pa“东西夹攻”的有利环流背景下,100 hPa南亚高压分别呈东部型和双体型,低空急流、切变线和地面中尺度辐合线是两次暴雨重要的触发系统。两次强降水均发生在对流云团发展最强盛、范围最大时或TBB梯度最大处。但雷达回波特征明显不同,“过程1”影响系统为线性多单体强风暴,最大反射率因子达65 dBZ,具有中小尺度辐合和旋转特性,强降水期间VIL维持40 kg/m2以上并有跃增现象,更有利于产生强对流。“过程2”影响系统为分散性普通单体风暴,径向速度高层辐散不明显,VIL值明显小于“过程1”。 相似文献
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2008年6月广东省连续性暴雨的成因 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析2008年6月12-18日广东省连续性暴雨过程的环流背景及成因。结果表明：在中纬短波槽和南支槽活跃的环流形势下,低层低涡切变线和西南急流引起的强烈上升运动是这次广东省连续性暴雨的触发因子。孟加拉湾和西北太平洋的2支水汽在南海汇合,持续向华南输送暖湿空气,并由经向风场辐合形成较强的水汽辐合中心。连续性暴雨期间,华南上空异常加热源有利于其西北侧低空异常气旋性环流的维持和广东省沿海地区西南急流的稳定存在。异常偏强的水汽输送辐合和大气热源加热是这次连续性暴雨得以维持的重要原因。 相似文献
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春夏季青藏高原积雪对中国夏末秋初
降水的影响及其可能机制 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本文首先利用最大协方差分析方法,探讨青藏高原积雪与中国降水之间的联系,发现中国夏末秋初（8～10月,简称ASO）降水与前期及同期高原积雪有着显著联系,当春夏季青藏高原西部多雪时,其后ASO中国长江及其以南地区多雨,而东部沿海的狭长区域少雨。进一步引入最大响应估计等方法,研究中国区域降水对高原积雪异常的响应及其可能的物理机制,结果表明,冬春季高原多雪异常可持续到夏季,并通过改变地表热力状况,导致ASO南亚高压减弱,同时在高、低空激发出两支波列:高层200 hPa波列沿中高纬西风急流传播,自高原经蒙古到达日本呈现明显的“负—正—负”位势高度异常传播,日本上空为气旋性异常环流;低层850 hPa波列起于高原,经孟加拉湾至中国南海,沿着西南气流传播,导致台湾附近的反气旋性异常环流,其西侧的偏南气流,将南海丰富的水汽输送至中国南部湖南、广西;而高层中心位于日本的气旋性异常环流西侧的偏北气流利于北方天气尺度扰动向南移动,它们为长江中下游及其以南地区多雨提供了有利条件。进一步计算定常波波数也表明,高层西风急流与低层西南季风气流作为波导,有利于高原上空的扰动沿着高、低空2支通道向东传播。由于东部沿海浙江、福建为正位势高度异常区,低层反气旋性异常环流则抑制了该区域的降水。 相似文献
20.
An ensemble prediction system based on the GRAPES model, using multi-physics, is used to discuss the influence of different physical processes in numerical models on forecast of heavy rainfall in South China in the annually first raining season(AFRS). Pattern, magnitude and area of precipitation, evolution of synoptic situation, as well as apparent heat source and apparent moisture sink between different ensemble members are comparatively analyzed. The choice of parameterization scheme for land-surface processes gives rise to the largest influence on the precipitation prediction. The influences of cumulus-convection and cloud-microphysics processes are mainly focused on heavy rainfall;the use of cumulus-convection parameterization tends to produce large-area and light rainfall. Change in parameterization schemes for land-surface and cumulus-convection processes both will cause prominent change in forecast of both dynamic and thermodynamic variables, while change in cloud-microphysics processes show primary impact on dynamic variables. Comparing simplified Arakawa-Schubert and Kain-Fritsch with Betts-Miller-Janjic schemes, SLAB with NOAH schemes, as well as both WRF single moment 6-class and NCEP 3-class with simplified explicit schemes of phase-mixed cloud and precipitation shows that the former predicts stronger low-level jets and high humidity concentration, more convective rainfall and local heavy rainfall, and have better performance in precipitation forecast. Appropriate parameterization schemes can reasonably describe the physical process related to heavy rainfall in South China in the AFRS, such as low-level convergence, latent heat release, vertical transport of heat and water vapor, thereby depicting the multi-scale interactions of low-level jet and meso-scale convective systems in heavy rainfall suitably, and improving the prediction of heavy rainfall in South China in the AFRS as a result. 相似文献