首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 703 毫秒
1.
苏占东  周思哲  王成虎  孙进忠  曾扬农  张建勇  张明磊  王磊  朱卓辉  李小瑞 《地质论评》2022,68(6):2022112005-2022112005
工程岩体物理模拟实验是岩体工程问题研究的重要方法,其中物理模型材料的选择对于实验成功与否至关重要。为了提高岩体物理模拟的选材效率及实验准确性,在总结前人大量工程岩体(边坡工程、地下工程和地基工程)物理模拟研究进展的基础上,对不同类型的物理模拟模型材料应用情况进行综合分析。结果表明:传统相似材料模拟软岩骨料最常用的是河砂和石英砂,模拟硬岩骨料则是在河砂和石英砂的基础上进一步掺入重晶石粉用以调节级配及强度,胶结剂通常都是水泥、石膏或者两者混合的复合材料;新型相似材料的选用更多是根据所需解决的问题进行设计,常采用铁粉、熔融石英砂及陶瓷等作为骨料,高分子聚合物、酒精和松香等作为胶结剂。整体而言物理模拟实验材料的骨料粒径越大,强度也越大,但是相似模拟中不能使用粒径过大的骨料;材料的强度随着砂胶比的增大而减小。研究不同工程对象时还需根据其自身特点进行实验设计,在研究显著节理裂隙等对岩体破坏机制的影响时,需掺加煤粉、云母碎、珍珠岩以及发泡剂等辅助材料,以控制试样的节理、微裂隙、结构面和孔洞等。笔者等对工程岩体物理模拟实验材料的分析综述可为相关工程岩体物理模拟研究提供实验参考。  相似文献   

2.
储昭飞  刘保国  任大瑞  宋宇  马强 《岩土力学》2019,40(6):2172-2182
目前能合理模拟软岩流变效应的相似材料很少,而采用模型试验法研究软岩工程的长期流变效应也处于探索阶段。为给软岩流变模型试验提供合适的相似材料,研制出一种以铁粉、重晶石粉和石英砂为骨料,松香酒精溶液为胶结剂,液压油为黏滞剂的软岩流变相似材料。该相似材料强度低,流变性强,不仅可模拟软岩的瞬时弹塑性性质,也能较好模拟软岩的流变特性。假定骨料比例恒定,调节松香酒精溶液浓度m和液压油含量w,开展了一系列梯度配比试验。研究表明:(1)该相似材料的主要瞬时强度变形参数和西原模型流变参数均受m和w两因素的双重影响;(2)松香酒精溶液浓度越大,试样强度越大,流变性越小;(3)液压油含量越大,试样强度越小,流变性越明显;(4)相比松香酒精溶液浓度m,液压油含量w对西原模型各参数的影响更大,起主控作用。最终,将该相似材料应用于神华新街软弱砂质泥岩煤矿盾构斜井的长期流变模型试验中,试验结果表明:该材料瞬时力学性能和流变特性均达到试验要求,为试验取得良好结果提供了材料保证。  相似文献   

3.
研究了单轴压缩条件下裂隙含充填与否对节理岩体力学性能的影响。以相似材料模拟脆性岩石材料制作含预置裂隙试件,在刚性试验机上对试件进行单轴压缩试验,研究了裂隙充填与否对节理岩体强度峰值及峰后塑性变形能力的影响;用有限元软件ABAQUS对试件进行断裂及损伤分析,研究了裂隙充填与否对节理岩体应力强度因子及损伤因子的影响。研究表明,在单轴压缩情况下,裂隙中含充填与不含充填相比,裂隙含充填岩体峰值强度提高、峰后塑性变形能力增强、总应变能释放率Gc降低,增大了节理岩体抵抗开裂的能力;裂隙含充填岩体环向拉应力场从分布区域及峰值都小于无充填裂隙试件;在同样外荷载作用下,裂隙含充填岩体损伤度小于无充填岩体。  相似文献   

4.
流-固耦合模型试验用的新型相似材料研制及应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为研究隧道突水、突泥过程中断层及围岩各物理场变化规律,根据地质力学模型试验相似原理,通过大量多组别配比试验,研制出适用于流-固耦合模型试验的新型断层及围岩相似材料。其中,断层相似材料以砂为粗骨料,滑石粉为细骨料,石膏、膨润土作为胶结剂,液态石蜡作为调节剂;围岩相似材料以砂为粗骨料,重晶石粉、滑石粉为细骨料,白水泥及乳胶作为胶结剂。通过大量室内试验,对比分析原岩及相似材料变形特征及强度破坏特性,重点对单轴抗压强度、渗透系数、重度、泊松比、弹性模量等重要变形及水理特性参量进行调控,系统研究不同配比对材料参数的影响规律。试验结果表明:该材料力学参数变化范围广、性能稳定、操作工艺简单,可用来模拟不同渗透系数的低、中等强度岩体材料。将该相似材料应用于吉莲高速公路永莲隧道断层突水、突泥三维地质力学模型试验中,力学性能及水理特性均达到试验要求,能够有效地模拟突水、突泥的发展演变过程,真实反映断层灾变过程中各物理场响应规律。  相似文献   

5.
通过不同配比下相似材料试件的水理性质正交试验,分析了以水泥和石膏作为胶结剂,石英砂作为骨料的相似材料吸水率、软化系数和渗透系数随砂胶比(骨料与胶结材料质量比)、水膏比(水泥占胶结材料百分比)、石英砂粒径的变化规律。通过对比分析,证明此种相似材料在一定配比情况下遇水不会发生崩解,而是产生类似岩石的软化现象,适用于原型岩体为孔隙较发育的石灰岩和砂岩,并且不以吸水特性为研究对象的相似材料固-流耦合模型试验研究。通过对样本数据进行多元回归分析,得到了吸水率、软化系数和渗透系数与砂胶比、水膏比和石英砂粒径之间的经验方程。通过神华新街台格庙矿区白垩系志丹群巨厚层砂岩含水层固-流耦合相似材料模型试验,证明水泥石膏胶结相似材料可以应用于固-流耦合试验中,并且经验方程可用于对相似材料的水理性质进行验算。  相似文献   

6.
含瓦斯煤相似材料研制及其突出试验应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用相似物理模拟试验研究煤与瓦斯突出机制和规律是目前有效的方法,含瓦斯煤体相似材料是突出定量模拟的关键因素。研制出一种新型的含瓦斯煤体相似材料,该相似材料以一定粒径分布的煤粉为骨料,以腐植酸钠水溶液为胶结剂,混合压制成型后干燥。大量正交配比试验表明:在成型压力15 MPa下,相似材料的重度、孔隙率趋于稳定并与原煤十分接近;相似材料抗压强度高,可调范围达0.5~2.8 MPa,与胶结剂浓度近似呈线性正比关系;吸附解吸试验表明,相似材料的吸附性良好,其与原煤的吸附等温线一致;并且具有材料价格低廉、无毒副作用、配比简单、性能稳定和各物理力学参数调节方便等特点,可用来模拟不同强度原煤。采用相似材料制作的型煤开展了煤与瓦斯突出试验,成功模拟了煤与瓦斯突出现象和过程,证明该相似材料能很好地模拟具有吸附解吸特性的含瓦斯煤体。  相似文献   

7.
不同倾角节理组和锚固效应对岩体特性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王文  朱维申  马海萍  张磊 《岩土力学》2013,34(3):887-893
首先采用DDARF(discontinuous deformation analysis for rock failure)分析方法对双裂隙岩块进行单轴和双轴压缩模拟试验,研究了裂隙角度和侧向应力大小对岩块特性的影响,得到了裂隙岩块在这两种加载试验中的破坏过程、应力-应变曲线以及岩块中裂隙的起裂应力和岩块的峰值强度。在双轴压缩模拟试验中绘制了裂隙角度为45°的岩块在不同侧向压力下的强度包络线。其次,采用DDARF分析方法模拟劈裂试验中含裂隙试块的锚固效果,得到了4种不同锚固角度试块的轴向荷载–位移变化曲线和裂隙扩展规律。模拟结果与前人的类似条件下的试验结果相符良好。随后又将双裂隙试块双轴压缩模拟试验中得到的参数运用到一个地下洞室的工程实例中,用等效力学特性的方法分析对比了完整岩体和节理岩体洞室开挖完成后的破损状态的差异。最后运用DDARF分析方法研究了随机生成4组节理岩体的地下洞室的稳定性,得到了洞室节理围岩的裂隙扩展过程。同时通过对关键点位移的监测分析了锚杆的锚固效应。  相似文献   

8.
铁晶砂胶结新型岩土相似材料的研制及其应用   总被引:13,自引:4,他引:9  
根据地质力学模型试验的相似原理,经过大量力学试验,研制出一种新型铁晶砂胶结岩土相似材料。该材料由铁矿粉、重晶石粉、石英砂、石膏粉和松香酒精溶液按规定配比均匀拌和压实而成,其中铁矿粉、重晶石粉和石英砂作为主料,松香酒精溶液作为胶结剂,石膏粉作为调节剂。材料力学参数测试表明:该材料具有重度高、力学参数变化范围广、性能稳定、价格低廉、干燥快速、制作工艺简单、无毒无害等显著优点,可用来模拟从软岩到硬岩的大部分岩体材料。将铁晶砂胶结岩土相似材料应用于沪―蓉―西高速公路大型分岔隧道三维地质力学模型试验研究,有效地揭示了分岔隧道围岩的力学变形特性。  相似文献   

9.
对于岩体而言,找出一个现实的强度破坏判据的困难在于岩体的结构性(或称多裂隙性).如图1所示,岩体可以由完整岩块(Intact rock)转换成严重节理交切的岩体.这一过程取决于岩石工程性质和规模.如在岩石掘进和爆破技术方面,主要是研究岩块强度性质.而岩体中修建工程建筑物时,主要是研究与整个工程建筑有关的岩体的强度习性.这种与工程建筑有关的岩体可以是发育有一组结构面,或二组结构面或多组结构面的岩体,也可能是严重节理交切的岩体.所以岩体的强度可以从由一个张开节理的简单摩擦习性变化至完整岩块的三轴抗压强度习性.  相似文献   

10.
高速远程滑坡物理模型试验中,岩石相似材料的选择是模型试验成功的关键,然而目前滑坡相似材料强度高、难以在缩尺试验中模拟滑坡破碎过程。以重晶石、石英砂为骨料,石膏为胶结剂,羧甲基纤维素钠、甘油、水作为辅助材料,进行可破碎岩石相似材料的配比试验。采用控制变量法研究重晶石与石英砂比例(重石比)、骨料与胶结物比例(骨胶比)、羧甲基纤维素钠含量、拌合水量、甘油含量对相似材料物理力学性质的影响。试验结果表明:所有配比情况下各相似材料物理力学参数的范围分别为单轴抗压强度为0.12~1.47 MPa,弹性模量为25.51~148.12 MPa,黏聚力为1.63~87.39 kPa,内摩擦角为22.70°~35.89°,脆性指标主要分布在0.033~0.145之间;重石比主要控制岩石相似材料的内摩擦角;骨胶比减小,对应的黏聚力和内摩擦角先增大后减小;羧甲基纤维素钠对材料的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、黏聚力等材料的力学特性以及材料的脆性指标影响均比较大,其中对单轴抗压强度的影响最大。因此,控制羧甲基纤维素钠和拌合水量的含量,并合理调节重石比与骨胶比,在相似比约为1∶600的试验尺度下,最终确定了适用于高速远程滑坡碎屑化过程模拟的低强度高脆性岩石相似材料的配比区间。  相似文献   

11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

12.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
据1:5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。  相似文献   

14.
塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。  相似文献   

15.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。   相似文献   

17.
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (SSS) proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS). The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob's Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.  相似文献   

18.
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.  相似文献   

19.
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.  相似文献   

20.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号