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1.
吕宋海峡水交换季节和年际变化特征的数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用ROMS(Regional Ocean Modeling System)建立了一套覆盖西北太平洋的涡尺度分辨率环流模型,并对吕宋海峡附近的环流进行了模拟研究。结果表明,吕宋海峡120.75°E断面净流量季节变化显著,全年均为西向输运,6月份达到最小,为0.40×106 m3/s,然后逐渐增大,在12月份达到最大,为6.14×106 m3/s,全年平均流量为3.04×106 m3/s。在500 m以浅,秋、冬季都有明显的黑潮流套存在,并伴有黑潮分支入侵南海,而春、夏季黑潮南海分支减弱或消失,黑潮入侵不明显。在500 m以深,冬、春季,吕宋海峡以东有非常明显的南向流存在,流速约10 cm/s,而到了夏、秋季该南向流出现明显的减弱,黑潮与南海的水交换主要通过吕宋海峡以北的吕宋海沟进行。在垂向结构上,120.75°E断面浅层呈多流核结构,并且流核的位置和强弱受黑潮的季节性变化影响显著,深层流的季节变化不大。在年际尺度方面,吕宋海峡年际体积输运量异常与Niño3.4滞后6个月相关系数达到41.6%,吕宋海峡水交换与ENSO现象有较为显著的正相关关系,并存在2~3 a和准8 a周期的年际变化。 相似文献
2.
利用WOD09和Argo剖面资料,结合SODA、OFES、GPCP和WHOI等资料分析了吕宋海峡西侧海域混合层盐度1984—2010年间的长期变化趋势和年代际变化特征,并利用混合层盐度平衡方程探讨了其变化机理。研究结果表明:(1)吕宋海峡西侧海域的盐度整体上呈现下降趋势,线性趋势为-0.020/a;(2)以1999年为界,吕宋海峡西侧海域的盐度在1999年之前为正距平,最大正距平值可达0.14,平均值为0.05,在1999年之后为负距平,最大负距平值为-0.22,平均值为-0.06;(3)影响该海域混合层盐度的长期变化趋势和年代际变化的主要因素为平流作用,特别是黑潮入侵的变化。 相似文献
3.
南海北部海峡热输送特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
计算和分析了南海北部(14.75°N以北)热含量、吕宋海峡和台湾海峡的体积输送和热输送的时空变化和季节转换特征。研究表明:南海通过吕宋海峡交换体积输送和热输送,两者都在12月份达到最大,但体积输送5月达到最小,而热输送则滞后1个月,在6月达到最小。南海北部水体热含量异常具有2～3 a的变化周期。吕宋海峡的整体热输送异常存在3 a左右变化周期,季节变化上比南海北部热含量超前2个月。台湾海峡的整体热输送异常存在2～4 a变化周期,季节变化上整体向外热输送最小值比南海北部热含量最大值超前1～2个月。吕宋海峡的整体热输送与台湾海峡相比季节变化上反位相。 相似文献
4.
从海洋动力学角度,概述了太平洋-印度洋贯穿流南海分支的主要入流和出流通道—吕宋海峡和卡里马塔海峡的研究现状。太平洋-印度洋贯穿流南海分支是太平洋、南海和印度尼西亚海域进行水体和热盐交换的传输带,对西太平洋、南海、印尼海和东印度洋的环流系统有重要影响。吕宋海峡水交换和卡里马塔海峡贯穿流都呈现冬季大夏季小的季节变化特征,对维持南海的物质、能量和动量平衡起重要作用。太平洋通过吕宋海峡向南海输运水体和热盐,并传递ENSO等气候信号,对南海的环流、水体和海洋环境都产生重要影响。卡里马塔海峡向印度尼西亚海区的水体和热盐输运对印度尼西亚贯穿流有重要意义。太平洋-印度洋贯穿流南海分支和印尼贯穿流的年际变化趋势呈反位相,两者相互调制相互影响,维持了太平洋-印度洋两大洋间的平衡关系,对全球大洋环流的结构和长期的气候变化有重要作用。 相似文献
5.
印尼贯穿流与南海贯穿流的年代际变化特征及机制 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过绕岛环流理论和SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation)数据对印尼贯穿流(ITF)和南海贯穿流(即吕宋海峡水交换,LST)在1976年气候突变前后的特征进行分析。结果表明,1976年后吕宋海峡水交换体积输送(LSTT)异常增大,而印尼贯穿流体积输送(ITFT)异常减少。吕宋海峡东部东风分量和南海内部的北风分量的局地驱动是导致LSTT在1976年后增加的主要因素,南海内部异常北风分量对LSTT增加的贡献能够达到53%;而赤道太平洋的西风分量则是导致ITFT在1976年后减少的主要因素,其贡献大约为61%。1976年后15°N左右的NEC(North Equatorial Current)体积输送异常增强,但总NEC体积输送异常减弱。KC(Kuroshio Current)体积输送异常增强,而MC(Mindanao Current)、NECC(North Equatorial Countercurrent)、SEC(South EquatorialCurrent)体积输送异常减弱。赤道西太平洋由风场变化通过Sverdrup动力过程产生的异常气旋性环流阻碍了太平洋水体向印度洋的输入。 相似文献
6.
利用SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation)数据、XBT(Expendable Bathythermograph)观测数据和绕岛环流理论(island rule)诊断计算结果评估了一个涡相容(eddy-permitting)全球海洋环流模式——LICOM对南海贯穿流及南海上层热含量的模拟能力,同时利用模式输出探讨了南海贯穿流对南海上层热含量的影响。NEC(North Equatorial Current)分叉的垂向结构、南海内区环流的季节和吕宋海峡体积输送的年际变化等分析结果都表明,LICOM能获取西北太平洋-印尼海域环流和南海贯穿流的合理模拟结果。模式模拟的南海上层热含量季节变化与观测及同化数据都表现出良好的一致性,尤其在南海内区。相关分析表明,吕宋海峡热输送主要控制着南海内区上层的热含量变化,两者呈显著负相关,这进一步证实了南海贯穿流作为一支冷平流调制着南海上层热含量变化的重要事实。 相似文献
7.
1985年9月的吕宋海峡黑潮及其输送 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
吕宋海峡黑潮的主流轴大致在121°E附近,其西边界可达120°E,东边界在123°E之东。由于受吕宋冷涡之影响,在巴林搪海峡西口,黑潮流速达最高值(超过2kn)。在吕宋海峡的南部和北部,黑潮的体积输送分别为43×10~6m~3/s和32×10~6m~3/s。黑潮有一个向西的11—12×10~6m~3/s的净体积输送,它贡献给进入南海的“黑潮南海分支”。黑潮的一个分支在21°N与黑潮主流脱离,通过120°E向西进入南海,流速达1.6kn,体积输送为11—12×10~6m~3/s。吕宋海峡右侧的暖涡较往常靠东北,其影响深度可达1200m以深。 相似文献
8.
利用SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation)再分析资料,分析了南海北部深水海域温度及盐度的季节和年际变化特征,讨论了季节及年际变化时间尺度上黑潮通过吕宋海峡对南海北部温、盐场的影响.资料分析表明:南海北部深水海域温、盐场存在明显的季节及年际变化特征.在气候平均态下,吕宋海峡处黑潮对南海北部温、盐场的影响主要存在于119°E以东;黑潮对南海的入侵程度在冬季最大,可影响到118°E附近;在秋季最小.吕宋海峡以西的温度水平梯度在秋季最弱,而盐度水平梯度则在夏季最弱.在吕宋海峡处黑潮形变的南侧,温、盐场年际变化信号最强.通过EOF(Empirical Othorgnal Function)分析,发现南海北部深水海域盐度和温度场第一模态的最大变率均分布在吕宋海峡处黑潮形变的南部,且均具有2～5 a的年际变化周期.另外,在年际变化时间尺度上,南海北部深水海域盐度场受黑潮形变的影响较大,在黑潮流量大的年份吕宋海峡处盐度值较低,在黑潮流量小的年份吕宋海峡处盐度值较高,而温度场则和Nino3.4指数呈明显的负相关变化. 相似文献
9.
南海盐度锋的年际变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究南海表层5 m盐度锋的年际变化特征,应用50年(1958—2007年)的SODA月平均资料,采用均方差和经验正交函数进行研究。结果表明,盐度锋年际变化显著的区域集中在北部湾、海南岛以东、南海北部、吕宋海峡、东马来西亚西北部和越南最南端;第一模态和第二模态时间系数变化趋势均表明南海盐度锋强度在逐渐减小;前者呈单极子型空间分布,后者空间分布型则为偶极子型。第一模态时间系数功率谱分析表明该模态存在3—5年和7—16年的周期,Morlet小波分析显示1965—2000年该模态主要存在4年、9年和12年左右的周期。第一模态确立的3个负位相中心区域(海南岛以东、吕宋海峡和越南最南端)的均值变化趋势一致,强度都在逐渐增大,具有同位相变化特征;第二模态时间系数功率谱分析表明该模态存在3年、5年和8—12年的周期。Morlet小波分析表明1962—2001年期间该模态存在3年、5年和9—12年的周期。第二模态找出的两个正负位相中心分别在东马来西亚西北部和南海北部,前者盐度锋强度在逐渐减小,而后者强度却在持续增大,强度的年际变化呈现反位相变化特征。 相似文献
10.
北赤道流分叉点及南海北部环流的研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
介绍了北赤道流分叉点、南海北部环流的一些研究成果,并就黑潮对南海的影响所作的研究进行了回顾.北赤道流分叉点的位置对于北赤道流系水体疏运变化及在黑潮和MC之间水体、热量、盐度输运的分配中起着重要的作用.北赤道流分叉点位置约在14.6°N上,分叉点位置随深度增加而北移.分叉点有明显的季节变化和年际变化,在春、夏季向南移动,而在秋、冬季则向北移动.年际变化与ENSO现象相关紧密,在El Nio事件NEC分叉纬度处于最北端,在La Nio事件处于最南端.对于分叉点位置的定量化研究,仍然需要更多的观测结果进行研究.季风和黑潮是影响南海北部环流的两种主要因素.南海北部上层流场主要由广东沿岸流、黑潮入侵流套、东沙海流、南海暖流和吕宋海流组成.除海盆、次海盆尺度环流外,受季风、黑潮和地形等因素的影响,南海表现出多涡结构.通过近些年的卫星观测和数值模拟的结果,人们对南海中尺度涡的认识大大加深,但要想模拟出风应力形成涡的机制,还需要提高风场和模式的分辨率.由于观测资料的限制,对南海流场的垂直结构、以及春-秋季季风转相时期的流场结构等还研究得较少.吕宋海峡水交换是西太平洋对南海影响的主要途径.黑潮在吕宋海峡附近的形变一直是有争议的热点问题,目前对于黑潮入侵有3种观点:(1) 认为黑潮经过吕宋海峡形成流套结构,并分离出中尺度涡影响南海流场、水团结构;(2) 认为黑潮有一直接分支分离出来进入南海形成黑潮分支;(3) 认为吕宋海峡水交换不属于以上两种情况,西太平洋对南海的水团输送另有机制.北赤道流分叉点在对黑潮的水体、热量、盐度输运的分配中起着重要的作用,黑潮对南海北部环流的影响可能与NEC的分叉点位置有关,但目前对NEC的分叉点位置与南海北部环流相关性的研究甚少.最后提出了对未来加强该方面研究的一些展望. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
13.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
14.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献