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1.
河南铝土矿矿物成因及其演化序列 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[摘 要]豫西铝土矿是我国喀斯特型铝土矿的典型代表。本文选取豫西典型的喀斯特型铝土矿为研究对象,通过XRD 分析、扫描电镜-能谱分析、电子探针分析和差热分析多种手段,探测铝土矿的物质组成及其赋存状态,并且分析其矿物成因,总结矿物演化序列。研究显示,豫西铝土矿的主要矿物成分包括硬水铝石、伊利石、锐钛矿、高岭石、针铁矿、赤铁矿、金红石等。硬水铝石主体为简单结晶成因。伊利石主体为风化过程中产物,部分为后期硬水铝石硅质交代的结果。锐钛矿和硬水铝石同期结晶形成于还原环境下。大部分高岭石形成于陆源期风化阶段,少部分为后期硬水铝石硅化转变形成。针铁矿和赤铁矿形成于两个阶段,第一阶段为成矿前风化作用形成的铁质风化壳;第二阶段为铝土矿成岩晚期出现了一期铁质流体活动形成了大量的赤铁矿和针铁矿。重砂矿物金红石和锆石等主要是母岩风化作用的残留物。豫西铝土矿中矿物形成演化可归纳为如下五个阶段:陆源期、同生期、成矿期、成矿后期和表生期。 相似文献
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喀斯特型铝土矿中硬水铝石的成因机制对准确认识该矿床的成因至关重要,也是业界长期争论的焦点。早期普遍认为风化作用阶段形成的三水铝石经历后期压实变质作用脱水形成硬水铝石,然而近期大量研究显示自然界铝土矿中硬水铝石多为地表喀斯特型环境下结晶形成。华北晚石炭世发育大规模硬水铝石型喀斯特铝土矿,本文选取华北北部艾雨头大型铝土矿床为研究对象,在翔实的矿床地质研究基础上,借助X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜-能谱分析(SEM-EDS)及激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)技术,探索硬水铝石的地表结晶条件和铝土矿的形成过程。艾雨头铝土矿含矿岩系剖面自下而上依次包括铁质粘土岩、铝土矿和粘土岩,其中:铁质粘土岩矿物组成主要为伊利石、高岭石、针铁矿、赤铁矿、硬水铝石和锐钛矿;铝土矿主要为硬水铝石、高岭石、赤铁矿、针铁矿和锐钛矿;粘土岩为高岭石、针铁矿、赤铁矿和锐钛矿。艾雨头喀斯特铝土矿顶底板岩石未发生变质作用,而且原位分析显示硬水铝石中含有较高含量的Si、Fe、Ti、Cr、V、Pb等元素,指示硬水铝石为表生沉淀成因。矿石中发现硬水铝石与赤铁矿和针铁矿密切共生,表明硬水铝石可在氧化条件下形成(... 相似文献
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本文采集了3种典型的富锰沉积物样品,即岩石漆、树枝晶与土壤铁锰胶膜,并制作了相应的纵切片。运用光学显微镜、原位微区拉曼光谱仪、扫描电镜、EDX能谱仪分别对其形貌学与矿物学特征进行了研究。结果表明岩石漆呈黑色致密层状、葡萄状,主要由水钠锰矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿、粘土矿物等组成,是一种高度混杂的沉积物。宏观上岩石漆与基岩有截然的接触面,发育有微层理结构,在微观上的表现即锰含量的周期性波动。树枝晶呈黑色分枝状,主要由锰钡矿组成,极端富锰而贫硅铝,与基质呈交织结构。土壤铁锰胶膜呈黑色粘稠层状,由水钠锰矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿、钛铁矿、粘土矿物等组成,可细分为外层黑褐色的富锰条带和内层黄棕色的富铁条带。这3种富锰沉积物的形貌学和元素分布特征与各自的成因机制密切相关。 相似文献
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华北克拉通铝(粘)土矿是我国喀斯特型铝(粘)土矿的典型代表,前人针对其物质组成、物质来源、成因机制开展了大量研究,但对其成矿后生改造尚未开展系统研究。本文对嵩箕地区铝(粘)土矿进行了研究,野外剖面显示,含矿岩系由底到顶包括风化壳层、铁质粘土岩、粘土质铝土矿、粘土岩、块状铝土矿层。通过矿物空间穿插关系、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、电子探针分析显示,铝(粘)土矿成矿期主要形成矿物包括硬水铝石、锐钛矿、伊利石、绿泥石等矿物。黄钾铁矾、赤铁矿、针铁矿、高岭石代表了后期改造矿物。矿物垂相分布指示赤铁矿和针铁矿随着深度变浅逐渐减少,硬水铝石在粘土质铝土矿层显著富集,黄钾铁矾广泛分布于铁质粘土岩层和风化壳顶部,穿插于粘土矿物或围绕在硬水铝石周围,以脉状、颗粒状分布,且与伊利石含量呈消长关系。同时,元素地球化学垂相分带显著,大离子亲石元素(Rb、Cs、Ba、Sr)与K2O以及高场强元素(Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、U、Th)与TiO2显示正相关。铝土矿层中Al2O3明显富集,而SiO2则明显亏损。底板灰... 相似文献
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碧石属于石英质玉中一类,少有文献对其深入探讨,缺乏系统性分类以及定义界定,不能准确区别于颜色相对应的玉髓(玛瑙).为解决上述问题,本次研究应用X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、红外光谱、电子探针、紫外—可见光光谱等多种测试技术相结合方式,初步确定常见单色碧石的致色矿物,其中红碧石的致色矿物为赤铁矿,黄碧石的致色矿物为针铁矿,绿碧石的致色矿物为绿鳞石,紫碧石的致色矿物是锐钛矿和赤铁矿.结合市场实际需求,从宝石学角度以颜色特征作为碧石分类依据,将碧石从宝石学分类角度,分为红碧石、黄碧石、绿碧石、紫碧石、血滴石、风景碧石、多彩碧石等七个大类.同时,根据X射线衍射半定量分析和电子探针测试近似计算结果:红碧石测试样品中赤铁矿平均含量均不低于2.187％,凉山南红样品红色富集区域测试赤铁矿含量不高于1.767％,低于2％.因此可以考虑将2％的赤铁矿含量作为区别红碧石和南红的界限.建议以杂质矿物含量2％对碧石和相似颜色的玉髓(玛瑙)区分界定,进一步补充完善已有碧石定义. 相似文献
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利用漫反射光谱鉴定红粘土中针铁矿和赤铁矿 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
针铁矿(Gt)和赤铁矿(Hm)是广泛存在于土壤和沉积物中的重要铁矿物。这两种矿物在土壤和沉积物中含量很低,常规的测试手段很难有效地测定其含量。利用反射光谱联合加热处理的方法,可对土壤及沉积物样品中针铁矿和赤铁矿进行定性或半定量测定。实验结果显示,样品加热到300℃后,针铁矿的反射光谱的一阶导数特征峰发生了变化,赤铁矿的一阶导数特征峰却没有明显的变化。因此加热前后样品反射光谱一阶导数的变化取决于针铁矿和赤铁矿的含量。利用这种方法估计黄土高原第三纪红粘土样品中的赤铁矿含量约为0.3%～0.4%,针铁矿含量约为0.5%～1%。 相似文献
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广西靖西县新圩铝土矿Ⅶ号矿体矿石热分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
广西靖西新圩堆积型铝土矿为我国典型的一水铝型铝土矿。以新圩堆积型铝土矿的典型样品为研究对象,通过X衍射分析确定其矿物组成,进一步借助差热(DTA)与热重(TG/DTG)分析,探索铝土矿石加热过程。X衍射分析显示5个铝土矿样品矿物组成主要为硬水铝石、赤铁矿、绿泥石、三水铝石、锐钛矿、金红石、针铁矿以及少量的高岭石。差热(DTA)分析显示铝土矿样品有2个明显的吸热峰,分别为三水铝石和硬水铝石吸热峰;热重(TG/DTG)曲线显示样品分解分为4个阶段,分别为吸附水失去阶段和三水铝石、针铁矿、硬水铝石脱羟基作用阶段。利用热重(TG/DTG)数据分别计算了硬水铝石、三水铝石、针铁矿矿物相对百分含量,与国内外同类型铝土矿矿石热分析特征对比显示具有大体一致的热分析特征。 相似文献
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广西平果堆积型铝土矿矿石特征及工艺研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
广西平果岩溶堆积型铝土矿床赋存于岩溶洼地、谷地中的红土层中。可供露采，储量丰富，矿石具有中铝、高铁、高Al／Si比、低硫等特点。矿石的绝大部分由硬水铝石、针铁矿、赤铁矿和高岭石组成，含量约占85％，其它矿物含量甚少。是国内罕见的能运用拜耳法生产氧化铝的优质新型铝土矿资源。 相似文献
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铝土矿是生产金属铝的主要来源,用途广泛。利用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜–能谱、X射线衍射、红外及差热分析等手段,研究晋中南石炭系铝土矿矿物特征,分析主要矿物成因。结果表明,铝土矿中所含矿物主要是硬水铝石和高岭石,少量伊利石、绿泥石、赤铁矿、菱铁矿、针铁矿、锐钛矿、金红石、石英、钾长石及方解石等。硬水铝石分隐晶–微晶碎屑、它形粒状晶体、短柱–鳞片状晶体3种类型,差热曲线吸热峰温度偏低,晶胞参数均值a为0.441 546 nm,b为0.945 445 nm,c为0.285 250 nm。硬水铝石主要由高岭石脱硅转变而成,少量为结晶成因。高岭石形成于温暖潮湿气候的风化过程中,部分为复硅化产物。锐钛矿形成于低温低压、TiO2供应充足的环境中。赤铁矿由含水氧化铁矿物风化脱水形成,少部分为成矿早期沼泽相或海相沉积。石英、钾长石及一些重矿物为陆源碎屑来源。 相似文献
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通过光学显微镜、X射线粉晶衍射、X射线荧光光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱、电子探针等测试分析手段对云南保山南红玛瑙的岩相学、矿物组成、化学成分等进行了系统研究,在此基础上进一步通过扫描电镜、X射线能谱元素面扫描、激光共聚焦显微拉曼分析了南红玛瑙致色矿物形貌、元素分布及矿物物相构成。研究结果表明,保山南红玛瑙主要矿物为石英(95%,质量分数),主要结构为粒状结构和纤维结构,次要矿物为斜硅石及方解石等,并含有吸附水和结构水两种状态水。致色矿物主要以小于1μm球状矿物颗粒、2~10μm絮状似球状集合体、针状矿物颗粒和不规则形态矿物集合体这4种类型存在,元素分析显示其为含铁矿物。显微拉曼进一步确认南红玛瑙的颜色是由含铁矿物所致,其中红色致色主要为赤铁矿,黄色致色主要为针铁矿,铁矿物的具体存在形式及其分布方式对南红玛瑙的价值具有决定性作用。本工作为南红玛瑙矿物学特性以及致色机理研究提供了有价值的参考信息,对完善其知识体系和推动南红玛瑙文化有重要意义,同时对借助共聚焦显微拉曼等微区表征技术推动宝玉石研究提供了新思路。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
19.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
20.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献